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JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Sep 2022
Topics: Dysphonia; Hoarseness; Humans; Laryngeal Muscles; Muscle Tonus; Voice Quality
PubMed: 35900756
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.1944 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Sep 2008Snoring is the noise caused by vibration during the in-breath; and which structure actually vibrates depends on many factors. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Snoring is the noise caused by vibration during the in-breath; and which structure actually vibrates depends on many factors.
OBJECTIVE
The treatment of snoring with methods to increase muscle tonus of upper airway has been controversial, and poorly reported, thus a review of evidence is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods.
METHOD
A review of randomized or quasi-randomized, double blind trials on snoring treatment that have employed any method to increase muscle tonus of upper airway like phonotherapy or physical therapy among others.
OUTCOMES
decrease or completely stop of snoring, sleep quality, quality of life, and adverse events.
RESULTS
Three eligible trials were potentially analyzed, but none of them could provide good scientific evidence favoring the intervention. The objective analyses of one study showed improvement of snoring, although the objective sub-analyses and subjective analyses showed controversial results. The adverse events were not reported.
CONCLUSION
There is no enough evidence to support the recommendation of methods to increase muscle tonus of upper airways in treatment of snoring. Well designed randomized clinical trials are needed to asses the efficacy of such methods, and a standard and worldwide accepted method for snoring assessment would be useful for future researches.
Topics: Breathing Exercises; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle Tonus; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Muscles; Snoring
PubMed: 18949285
DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2008000500037 -
Orthopedic NursingIn young adults, muscle sprains and strains leading to muscle tightness are considered short-term and believed to have no ill effects on quality of life. However, recent...
In young adults, muscle sprains and strains leading to muscle tightness are considered short-term and believed to have no ill effects on quality of life. However, recent advances in the science indicate that muscle tightness is an invisible condition that can limit life activities. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and characteristics of muscle tightness in young adults. The study used descriptive quantitative design. One hundred individuals aged between 18 and 27 years completed a survey based upon a validated muscle tightness measurement tool. Seventy-two percent of participants reported experiencing muscle tightness that limited their daily living and recreational activities. Fifty-six percent reported experiencing pain with muscle tightness. Women were more likely than men to experience muscle tightness. Awareness, prompt evaluation, and treatment of this condition are key to preventing negative consequences associated with chronic muscle tightness.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Tonus; Pain; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Young Adult
PubMed: 35476778
DOI: 10.1097/NOR.0000000000000817 -
Journal of Anxiety Disorders Jan 2009Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent, disabling, and often chronic disorder. With a typical recovery rate of only about 40% with current psychological... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent, disabling, and often chronic disorder. With a typical recovery rate of only about 40% with current psychological treatments a better understanding of potential psychophysiological mechanisms is vital.
METHODS
Since the most discriminative somatic symptom of GAD compared to other anxiety disorders is muscle tension this review qualitatively examines the literature on muscle tension as it relates to GAD and muscle relaxation therapy for GAD patients.
RESULTS
Muscle tension in GAD is poorly understood. Experimental studies refute the often-assumed direct relationship between anxiety and muscle tension. However, muscle relaxation therapies have been as effective as cognitive interventions directly addressing the defining symptom worry.
CONCLUSIONS
Muscle tension in its objective and subjective representations may play a role in GAD through various pathways that are testable. Future research needs to better examine the different aspects and functions of muscle tension in GAD.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Skeletal; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 18472245
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.03.016 -
International Journal of Clinical... May 2015Scientific interest in the pathogenesis of tension-type headache (TTH) has lagged behind that of migraine, although TTH is the most common headache disorder and... (Review)
Review
Scientific interest in the pathogenesis of tension-type headache (TTH) has lagged behind that of migraine, although TTH is the most common headache disorder and considered the most important in terms of socioeconomic impact. As a result, understanding of the underlying mechanisms of TTH has remained relatively incomplete.
Topics: Headache; Humans; Muscle Tonus; Pain Measurement; Pain, Referred; Trigger Points
PubMed: 25907017
DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12651 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Oct 2008Human resting muscle (myofascial) tone (HRMT) is the passive tonus or tension of skeletal muscle that derives from its intrinsic (EMG-silent) molecular viscoelastic... (Review)
Review
Human resting muscle (myofascial) tone (HRMT) is the passive tonus or tension of skeletal muscle that derives from its intrinsic (EMG-silent) molecular viscoelastic properties. The word tone has been used to convey varying clinical and physiological features that have led to confusion and controversy. HRMT is the vital low-level, passive tension, and resistance to stretch that contributes importantly to maintain postural stability in balanced equilibrium positions. In contrast, co-contraction of muscle is an active neuromotor control that provides greater levels of tonus for increased stabilization. Functionally, HRMT is integrated with other passive fascial and ligamentous tensional networks of the body to form a biotensegrity system. This review aims to achieve better understandings of HRMT and its functional roles. Nature is frugal and man's adaptations to gravitational forces and erect postures seemingly evolved mechanisms in skeletal muscle tissues to economically enhance stability. Normal passive muscle tone helps to maintain relaxed standing body posture with minimally increased energy costs (circa 7% over supine), and often for prolonged durations without fatigue. Available data infer polymorphic variations in normal myofascial tone. However, few quantitative studies have been performed to establish normal frequency distributions of degrees of myofascial tone. Clinical experience indicates that persons with certain symptomatic musculoskeletal conditions may have palpably increased resting muscle firmness or hardness (EMG-silent), such as that of the upper trapezius in tension-type headache, and the lumbodorsal extensors (hartspann) in degenerative lumbar disc disease and ankylosing spondylitis. In summary, resting skeletal muscle tone is an intrinsic viscoelastic tension exhibited within the body's kinematic chains. It functions inseparably from fascial (i.e., myofascial) tissues and ligamentous structures. Thus, HRMT is a passive myofascial property which operates within networks of tensional tissues, i.e., biotensegrity. This passive tension is the CNS-independent component resulting from intrinsic molecular interactions of the actomyosin filaments in sarcomeric units of skeletal muscle and myofibroblast cells. The overarching CNS-activated muscle contractions generate far greater tensions transmitted by fascial elements. Interdisciplinary research on HRMT and its biodynamics promises greater effectiveness of clinical practitioners and productivity of investigators, which warrants priority attention.
Topics: Fascia; Humans; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 19083691
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.05.007 -
Medicinski Pregled 1990The regulation of muscle tonus takes place at least at six levels of the central nervous system: the spinal cord, vestibular nuclei, the cerebellum, the reticular...
The regulation of muscle tonus takes place at least at six levels of the central nervous system: the spinal cord, vestibular nuclei, the cerebellum, the reticular formation, extrapyramidal system and the motor cortex. A multiple complexity of the connections of these systems in the regulation of muscle tonus is presented, so that therapy can be usefully applied in states of muscle tonus disorders.
Topics: Central Nervous System; Humans; Muscle Tonus
PubMed: 2233558
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Hypertension Mar 2022
Topics: Arteries; Humans; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular
PubMed: 35103628
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003063 -
Journal of Speech, Language, and... May 2022Despite the high prevalence of primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD-1), its underlying mechanisms and their interrelationships have yet to be fully identified. The... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Despite the high prevalence of primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD-1), its underlying mechanisms and their interrelationships have yet to be fully identified. The objectives of this integrative review were (a) to describe and classify the suggested underlying mechanisms for MTD-1, (b) to appraise the empirical evidence supporting each of the proposed mechanisms, and (c) to summarize the information in an integrative model.
METHOD
PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for all publications pertaining to muscle tension dysphonia. Papers were retained if they included theoretical or empirical data pertaining to underlying mechanisms of MTD-1. A total of 921 papers initially qualified for screening, of which 100 remained for consideration in this review. Underlying mechanisms of MTD-1 were extracted using a consensus approach.
RESULTS
Seven broad categories of putative mechanisms involved in MTD-1 were identified: psychosocial, autonomic, sensorimotor, respiratory, postural, inflammatory, and neuromuscular. These categories were further divided into 19 subcategories detailed in the body of this review article. Based on the reviewed evidence, our proposed integrative model presents MTD-1 as an idiosyncratic motor adaptation to physiological perturbation or perceived threat. Under this model, physiologically or psychologically aversive stimuli can instigate a series of motor adaptations at multiple levels of the nervous system, ultimately disturbing muscle activation patterns and their biomechanical outcomes. Importantly, these adaptations appear to have the potential to become chronic even after threatening stimuli are withdrawn.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed model highlights the importance of personalized rehabilitation in MTD-1 treatment. Limitations of the literature are discussed to provide guidance for future research aimed at improving our understanding of MTD-1.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19586065.
Topics: Dysphonia; Hoarseness; Humans; Muscle Tonus
PubMed: 35446683
DOI: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00575 -
Journal of Biomechanics Jul 2018Intramuscular pressure (IMP) is the fluid pressure generated within skeletal muscle and directly reflects individual muscle tension. The purpose of this study was to...
INTRODUCTION
Intramuscular pressure (IMP) is the fluid pressure generated within skeletal muscle and directly reflects individual muscle tension. The purpose of this study was to assess the development of force, IMP, and electromyography (EMG) in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle during ramped isometric contractions and evaluate electromechanical delay (EMD).
METHODS
Force, EMG, and IMP were simultaneously measured during ramped isometric contractions in eight young, healthy human subjects. The EMD between the onset of force and EMG activity (Δt-EMG force) and the onset of IMP and EMG activity (Δt EMG-IMP) were calculated.
RESULTS
A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the mean force-EMG EMD (36 ± 31 ms) and the mean IMP-EMG EMD (3 ± 21 ms).
CONCLUSIONS
IMP reflects changes in muscle tension due to the contractile muscle elements.
Topics: Adult; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Skeletal; Pressure; Rotation; Young Adult
PubMed: 29908653
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.05.029