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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Apr 1978At a regional school for the blind, 157 children were examined for musculoskeletal abnormalities. The incidence of scoliosis was 9.5 per cent; of foot deformity, 53.5...
At a regional school for the blind, 157 children were examined for musculoskeletal abnormalities. The incidence of scoliosis was 9.5 per cent; of foot deformity, 53.5 percent; and of ligament laxity, 25 per cent. Thirty-six children (23 per cent) had evidence of spastic, flaccid, or athetoid cerebral palsy or other disorders of the central nervous system. The orthopaedist should evaluate blind children carefully and repeatedly for evidence of occult cerebral palsy and progressive deformity of the spine or foot.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Adult; Blindness; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Elbow Joint; Female; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Gait; Humans; Knee Joint; Ligaments, Articular; Male; Metacarpophalangeal Joint; Pennsylvania; Posture; School Health Services; Scoliosis; Thumb
PubMed: 649640
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Clinics of North America May 1967
Review
Topics: Arthrogryposis; Clubfoot; Contracture; Female; Femur; Hip Contracture; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Klippel-Feil Syndrome; Male; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Scapula; Talus; Tarsal Joints; Toes; Torticollis
PubMed: 5337113
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)31980-0 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Feb 2009Continuous postural management programmes are commonly used for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V, with the... (Review)
Review
Continuous postural management programmes are commonly used for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V, with the aim of preventing musculoskeletal deformity. There is a lack of evidence to support their use in this capacity and a possibility that children with CP who are most likely to develop deformity may be least able to comply with a continuous postural management programme. The implications for the child and family of such a programme in terms of increased demands and potential discomfort are discussed within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. A shift in focus in the use of postural management from an emphasis on body structure towards the environment and participation of the child with CP is suggested.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Abnormalities; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Motor Skills; Physical Therapy Specialty; Postural Balance; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 19191843
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03160.x -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Apr 1985Angular limb deformities are not uncommon in foals. Mild angular deviation due to laxity of supporting soft tissues often resolves spontaneously. However, external...
Angular limb deformities are not uncommon in foals. Mild angular deviation due to laxity of supporting soft tissues often resolves spontaneously. However, external splinting or casting may be needed in severe cases or in those that do not resolve. When incomplete ossification of carpal or tarsal bones is the cause of the limb deformity, external support is mandatory to prevent further deformation and abnormal development of the bones. When epiphyseal and metaphyseal abnormalities cause axial deviation, surgical intervention is usually necessary. Circumferential periosteal transection and/or transphyseal bridging are methods used. The choice is dictated by the type and severity of the deformity. Flexor contractures of the forelimb vary greatly in degree and joints affected. Physical therapy combined with intermittent splint application is often successful, but surgical intervention may be necessary in unresponsive cases. Flexor tendon laxity is usually self-correcting but physical therapy, restricted exercise, and splinting may be needed. Rotational abnormalities are easier to correct in the forelimbs than in the hind limbs. Correction is usually accomplished by frequent corrective hoof trimming. Miscellaneous anomalies of the musculoskeletal system may sometimes be amenable to surgical correction, although the potential disadvantages must be carefully considered. Septic arthritis is a frequent sequela to neonatal septicemia and must be treated aggressively and early in its development. Appropriate systemic antibiotics, joint lavage, and rest are indicated. Neonatal osteomyelitis has a poor prognosis and requires prompt, vigorous therapy; even then, growth anomalies of the limb or contiguous septic arthritis may develop and further worsen the prognosis. Early accurate diagnosis and prompt appropriate therapy are vital in treating musculoskeletal disorders in foals, especially when a successful outcome is judged by the animal becoming a functional athlete.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arthritis, Infectious; Bone Diseases; Bone and Bones; Carpus, Animal; Contracture; Epiphyses; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Horse Diseases; Horses; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Muscular Diseases; Osteomyelitis; Patella
PubMed: 3878188
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30777-0 -
Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 2021Bilateral congenital knee dislocation is a rare deformity which may present with other musculoskeletal abnormalities. In the early period, conservative treatment options...
Bilateral congenital knee dislocation is a rare deformity which may present with other musculoskeletal abnormalities. In the early period, conservative treatment options have a high chance of success. However, in later stages, surgical treatment is indicated in neglected or unresponsive cases to manipulation in the early period. Herein, we present a rare case of bilateral congenital knee dislocation which was diagnosed after birth. Retrospective examination revealed that it occurred in the antenatal period and neglected.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Knee Dislocation; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Pregnancy; Turkey
PubMed: 34145837
DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2021.79966 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery Nov 2009Radial and ulnar longitudinal deficiencies are the 2 most common types of congenital longitudinal deficiencies of the arm, with radial deficiency being 3 to 4 times more...
Radial and ulnar longitudinal deficiencies are the 2 most common types of congenital longitudinal deficiencies of the arm, with radial deficiency being 3 to 4 times more common. They are a spectrum of abnormalities, ranging from mild deficiency of the digits to complete loss of one-half the forearm, wrist, and fingers. Radial longitudinal deficiency is associated with a number of medical syndromes that require a comprehensive medical evaluation, while ulnar longitudinal deficiency (ULD) is associated with other musculoskeletal anomalies. Both conditions have a high incidence of ipsilateral thumb abnormalities. Wrist and forearm procedures, such as soft tissue distraction and centralization, are more often required in radial longitudinal deficiencies than in ULD. Elbow involvement can occur in both conditions but is more frequent and often more severe in ULD.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Orthopedic Procedures; Radius; Ulna; Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital
PubMed: 19896016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.09.002 -
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2004The musculoskeletal manifestations of Russell-Silver syndrome were studied in 25 patients. The most common manifestations were short stature (25 patients), limb-length...
The musculoskeletal manifestations of Russell-Silver syndrome were studied in 25 patients. The most common manifestations were short stature (25 patients), limb-length discrepancy (23 patients), clinodactyly (19 patients) metacarpal bone and phalangeal abnormalities (13 patients), scoliosis (9 patients), foot syndactylism (5 patients), and developmental dysplasia of the hips (3 patients). Five patients underwent lower extremity limb-lengthening procedures for discrepancies greater than 3 cm and three patients had successful pelvic and/or femoral osteotomies for hip dysplasia. All 18 patients studied had retardation of bone age, which peaked at age 7 years.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Body Height; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Cafe-au-Lait Spots; Child; Child, Preschool; Elbow; Female; Fingers; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Gestational Age; Growth Disorders; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Knee Joint; Leg Length Inequality; Male; Metacarpus; Retrospective Studies; Scoliosis; Syndactyly; Syndrome; Toes
PubMed: 15308907
DOI: 10.1097/00004694-200409000-00017 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Apr 2021Acromelic dysplasias are a group of rare musculoskeletal disorders that collectively present with short stature, pseudomuscular build, stiff joints, and tight skin....
Acromelic dysplasias are a group of rare musculoskeletal disorders that collectively present with short stature, pseudomuscular build, stiff joints, and tight skin. Acromelic dysplasias are caused by mutations in genes (FBN1, ADAMTSL2, ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17, LTBP2, and LTBP3) that encode secreted extracellular matrix proteins, and in SMAD4, an intracellular coregulator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. The shared musculoskeletal presentations in acromelic dysplasias suggest that these proteins cooperate in a biological pathway, but also fulfill distinct roles in specific tissues that are affected in individual disorders of the acromelic dysplasia group. In addition, most of the affected proteins directly interact with fibrillin microfibrils in the extracellular matrix and have been linked to the regulation of TGF-β signaling. Together with recently developed knockout mouse models targeting the affected genes, novel insights into molecular mechanisms of how these proteins regulate musculoskeletal development and homeostasis have emerged. Here, we summarize the current knowledge highlighting pathogenic mechanisms of the different disorders that compose acromelic dysplasias and provide an overview of the emerging biological roles of the individual proteins that are compromised. Finally, we develop a conceptual model of how these proteins may interact and form an "acromelic dysplasia complex" on fibrillin microfibrils in connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system.
Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Cryptorchidism; Disease Models, Animal; Dwarfism; Facies; Fibrillins; Growth Disorders; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Joints; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microfibrils; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Skin Abnormalities; Smad4 Protein; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Weill-Marchesani Syndrome
PubMed: 32880985
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14465 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery Nov 2013Radial, ulnar, and central deficiencies represent a spectrum of abnormalities in the development of the upper limb. Radial longitudinal deficiency is often associated... (Review)
Review
Radial, ulnar, and central deficiencies represent a spectrum of abnormalities in the development of the upper limb. Radial longitudinal deficiency is often associated with abnormalities in other organ systems, such as cardiac and renal, and so requires a comprehensive medical evaluation. On the other hand, ulnar longitudinal deficiency tends to be associated only with other musculoskeletal abnormalities. In all of these conditions, there is a high incidence of ipsilateral thumb abnormalities. Given the importance of the thumb in overall hand function, abnormalities of the thumb often guide treatment for these conditions. Surgical treatment of the wrist and forearm in radial longitudinal deficiency is controversial, as will be outlined in this review.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Forearm; Humans; Radiography; Radius; Ulna; Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Wrist
PubMed: 23707597
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.03.024 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Sep 1994Although most interest centers on the craniofacial region in Crouzon's disease, noncraniofacial manifestations are important because they may complicate both diagnosis... (Review)
Review
Although most interest centers on the craniofacial region in Crouzon's disease, noncraniofacial manifestations are important because they may complicate both diagnosis and management. A population of 59 patients with Crouzon's disease was reviewed to determine the frequency of these deformities. Stylohyoid ligament calcification (50%) and cervical spine (40%) and elbow (18%) abnormalities were the most common. Minor hand deformities (10%), other musculoskeletal deformities (7%), and visceral anomalies (7%) were also seen. Acanthosis nigricans was not present in this population. Recommendations are made for the assessment and management of Crouzon's disease with reference to these areas.
Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Craniofacial Dysostosis; Elbow; Female; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Ligaments; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Male; Retrospective Studies; Spine; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 7833394
DOI: 10.1097/00001665-199409000-00004