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Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Nov 2011Hydatid disease is an infectious disease caused by the larval stage of the parasitic tapeworm Echinococcosis granulosus. Its distribution is worldwide. Although hydatid... (Review)
Review
Hydatid disease is an infectious disease caused by the larval stage of the parasitic tapeworm Echinococcosis granulosus. Its distribution is worldwide. Although hydatid disease can develop in almost any part of the body, it is most commonly found in the liver and lung. Musculoskeletal involvement is rare. The radiological appearance of the hydatid disease of musculoskeletal system mimics tumors and other inflammatory conditions. Therefore preoperative diagnosis of musculoskeletal hydatid disease is sometimes difficult clinically and radiologically. On radiography, different radiographic changes may occur. In cases of osteolytic and inflammatory changes, it may mimic any variant of nonspecific or specific osteomyelitis. Bone erosion and destruction may lead to almost complete osteolysis, bone may distort, and on occasion, its radiologic appearances may be confused with those of a malignant bone tumor. Computed tomography (CT) is more accurate in delineating the area of destruction. The primary role of CT and magnetic resonance imaging is in the recognition of extraosseous spread of the hydatid disease within the soft tissues. This article reviews the pathological basis and the clinical and imaging features of musculoskeletal hydatid disease.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Echinococcosis; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases
PubMed: 22081287
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293498 -
Current Osteoporosis Reports Jun 2023The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of the osteocyte in muscle atrophy in cancer patients, sarcopenia, spinal cord injury, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of the osteocyte in muscle atrophy in cancer patients, sarcopenia, spinal cord injury, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and other conditions associated with muscle deterioration.
RECENT FINDINGS
One type of bone cell, the osteocyte, appears to play a major role in muscle and bone crosstalk, whether physiological or pathological. Osteocytes are cells living within the bone-mineralized matrix. These cells are connected to each other by means of dendrites to create an intricately connected network. The osteocyte network has been shown to respond to different types of stimuli such as mechanical unloading, immobilization, aging, and cancer by producing osteocytes-derived factors. It is now becoming clear that some of these factors including sclerostin, RANKL, TGF-β, and TNF-α have detrimental effects on skeletal muscle. Bone and muscle not only communicate mechanically but also biochemically. Osteocyte-derived factors appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of muscle disease and could be used as a cellular target for new therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Humans; Osteocytes; Bone and Bones; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Musculoskeletal Diseases
PubMed: 37084017
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00788-5 -
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging :... Jul 2018New integrated PET-MRI systems potentially provide a complete imaging modality for diagnosis and evaluation of musculoskeletal disease. MRI is able to provide excellent... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
New integrated PET-MRI systems potentially provide a complete imaging modality for diagnosis and evaluation of musculoskeletal disease. MRI is able to provide excellent high-resolution morphologic information with multiple contrast mechanisms that has made it the imaging modality of choice in evaluation of many musculoskeletal disorders. PET offers incomparable abilities to provide quantitative information about molecular and physiologic changes that often precede structural and biochemical changes. In combination, hybrid PET-MRI can enhance imaging of musculoskeletal disorders through early detection of disease as well as improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this article is to review emerging applications of PET-MRI in musculoskeletal disease. Both clinical applications of malignant musculoskeletal disease as well as new opportunities to incorporate the molecular capabilities of nuclear imaging into studies of nononcologic musculoskeletal disease are discussed. Lastly, we discuss some of the technical considerations and challenges of PET-MRI as they specifically relate to musculoskeletal disease.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:27-47.
Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Diseases; Bone and Bones; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Metals; Multimodal Imaging; Multiple Myeloma; Muscle, Skeletal; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis
PubMed: 29969193
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26183 -
Experimental Gerontology Mar 2020The IDO/kynurenine pathway is now established as a major regulator of immune system function. The initial enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is induced by IFNγ,... (Review)
Review
The IDO/kynurenine pathway is now established as a major regulator of immune system function. The initial enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is induced by IFNγ, while tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is induced by corticosteroids. The pathway is therefore positioned to mediate the effects of systemic inflammation or stress-induced steroids on tissue function and its expression increases with age. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are a common feature of ageing and many of these conditions are characterized by an inflammatory state. In inflammatory arthritis and related disorders, kynurenine protects against the development of disease, while inhibition or deletion of IDO1 increases its severity. The long-term regulation of autoimmune disorders may be influenced by the epigenetic modulation of kynurenine pathway genes, with recent data suggesting that methylation of IDO may be involved. Osteoporosis is also associated with abnormalities of the kynurenine pathway, reflected in an inversion of the ratio between blood levels of the metabolites anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid. This review discusses evidence to date on the role of the IDO/kynurenine pathway and the highly prevalent age-related disorders of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis and identifies key areas that require further research.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Male; Mice; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Osteoporosis; Rats; Tryptophan
PubMed: 31884118
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110820 -
Arthritis Care & Research Apr 2020To develop an evidence-based guideline on contraception, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), fertility preservation with gonadotoxic therapy, use of menopausal...
OBJECTIVE
To develop an evidence-based guideline on contraception, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), fertility preservation with gonadotoxic therapy, use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), pregnancy assessment and management, and medication use in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMD).
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of evidence relating to contraception, ART, fertility preservation, HRT, pregnancy and lactation, and medication use in RMD populations, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to rate the quality of evidence and a group consensus process to determine final recommendations and grade their strength (conditional or strong). Good practice statements were agreed upon when indirect evidence was sufficiently compelling that a formal vote was unnecessary.
RESULTS
This American College of Rheumatology guideline provides 12 ungraded good practice statements and 131 graded recommendations for reproductive health care in RMD patients. These recommendations are intended to guide care for all patients with RMD, except where indicated as being specific for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, those positive for antiphospholipid antibody, and/or those positive for anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies. Recommendations and good practice statements support several guiding principles: use of safe and effective contraception to prevent unplanned pregnancy, pre-pregnancy counseling to encourage conception during periods of disease quiescence and while receiving pregnancy-compatible medications, and ongoing physician-patient discussion with obstetrics/gynecology collaboration for all reproductive health issues, given the overall low level of available evidence that relates specifically to RMD.
CONCLUSION
This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations developed and reviewed by panels of experts and RMD patients. Many recommendations are conditional, reflecting a lack of data or low-level data. We intend that this guideline be used to inform a shared decision-making process between patients and their physicians on issues related to reproductive health that incorporates patients' values, preferences, and comorbidities.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Contraception; Female; Fertility Preservation; Humans; Male; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Pregnancy; Reproductive Health; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatology; United States
PubMed: 32090466
DOI: 10.1002/acr.24130 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Apr 2020Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) are chronic conditions that affect a substantial number of people. RMDs are significantly related to co-morbidity.... (Review)
Review
Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) are chronic conditions that affect a substantial number of people. RMDs are significantly related to co-morbidity. Therefore, focusing on prevention in RMDs is of importance to promote and maintain health. Prevention includes primary-, secondary-, tertiary-, and clinical prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease before the disease process begins, secondary prevention includes detecting and reducing disease and risk factors at the earliest possible point, and tertiary prevention aims to limit the influence of a recognized or verified disease and to address or reduce further development or worsening of the disease, including physical and psychosocial disability. Clinical prevention attempts to integrate prevention into the disease management to limit disease progression and prevent complications and relapse. This chapter will focus on the evidence for prevention and highlight how innovations and trends can contribute by using digital technologies as an example.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Disease Management; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 32417107
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101525 -
Bone Aug 2019The primary risk factor for most musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is aging. To treat the diverse types of musculoskeletal... (Review)
Review
The primary risk factor for most musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is aging. To treat the diverse types of musculoskeletal diseases and pathologies, targeting their root cause, the aging process itself, has the potential to slow or prevent multiple age-related musculoskeletal conditions simultaneously. However, the development of approaches to delay onset of age related diseases, including musculoskeletal pathologies, has been slowed by the relatively long lifespan of rodent models of aging. Thus, to expedite the development of therapeutic approaches for age-related musculoskeletal disease, the implementation of mouse models of accelerated musculoskeletal aging are of great utility. Currently there are multiple genetically diverse mouse models that mirror certain aspects of normal human and mouse aging. Here, we provide a review of some of the most relevant murine models of accelerated aging that mimic many aspects of natural musculoskeletal aging, highlighting their relative strengths and weaknesses. Importantly, these murine models of accelerated aging recapitulate phenotypes of musculoskeletal age-related decline observed in humans.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Osteoarthritis; Osteoporosis; Progeria
PubMed: 30844492
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.002 -
International Journal of Rheumatic... Jun 2019
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Persons; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Musculoskeletal Diseases
PubMed: 31250559
DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.13600 -
Seminars in Roentgenology Oct 2019
Review
Topics: Catheter Ablation; Child; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Radiography, Interventional; Steroids; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 31706371
DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2019.06.006 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... May 2019Almost 50% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit at least one extra-intestinal manifestation in their lifetime. Extra-intestinal manifestations of... (Review)
Review
Almost 50% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit at least one extra-intestinal manifestation in their lifetime. Extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD are often associated with the intestinal disease activity, reducing the quality of life of the patient but rarely leading to fatal complications. Musculoskeletal involvement is the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation of patients with IBD but this rarely occurs before IBD is diagnosed. They are manifested in various forms, such as arthropathy, fibromyalgia, and osteoporosis. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team approach including gastroenterologists and rheumatologists are necessary for optimal treatment. This review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations of IBD from the perspectives of rheumatologists who can assist gastroenterologists.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antidepressive Agents; Arthritis; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Osteoporosis; Sacroiliitis; Spondylitis
PubMed: 31132834
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.73.5.276