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World Journal of Surgery Apr 2020The burden of musculoskeletal conditions is growing worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the burden cannot be fully estimated, due to paucity of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The burden of musculoskeletal conditions is growing worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the burden cannot be fully estimated, due to paucity of credible data. Further, no attempt has been made so far to estimate surgical burden of musculoskeletal conditions. This is a difficult task and accurate estimation of what would constitute surgical burden out of the total musculoskeletal burden in LMIC is not possible, due to number of constraints.
METHODS
This review looks at current understanding of the musculoskeletal conditions, that can be measured in LMIC and the limitations based on previous studies and past global burden of diseases estimates.
RESULTS
An attempt has been made to identify major conditions where a range of surgical burden can be predicted.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that there is huge scope for improvement in the current surveillance mechanism of surgical procedures undertaken for musculoskeletal conditions in LMIC so that the surgical burden can be more accurately predicted. Unless this burden can be highlighted, the attention to these conditions in LMIC will be limited.
Topics: Developing Countries; Global Health; Humans; Income; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Orthopedic Procedures; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 30238386
DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4790-8 -
Equine Veterinary Journal Mar 2023Certain stride characteristics have been shown to affect changes in biomechanical factors that are associated with injuries in human athletes. Determining the...
BACKGROUND
Certain stride characteristics have been shown to affect changes in biomechanical factors that are associated with injuries in human athletes. Determining the relationship between stride characteristics and musculoskeletal injury (MSI) may be key in limiting injury occurrence in the racehorse.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine whether changes in race day speed and stride characteristics over career race starts are associated with an increased risk of MSI in racehorses.
STUDY DESIGN
Case-control study.
METHODS
Speed, stride length, and stride frequency data were obtained from the final 200 m sectional of n = 5660 race starts by n = 584 horses (case n = 146, control n = 438). Multivariable joint models, combining longitudinal and survival (time to injury) analysis, were generated. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented.
RESULTS
The risk of MSI increased by 1.18 (95% CI 1.09, 1.28; P < 0.001) for each 0.1 m/s decrease in speed and by 1.11 (95% CI 1.02, 1.21; P = 0.01) for each 10 cm decrease in stride length over time (career race starts). A more marked rate of decline in speed and stride length was observed approximately 6 races prior to injury. Risk of MSI was highest early in the horse's racing career.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
Only final sectional stride characteristics were assessed in the model. The model did not account for time between race starts.
CONCLUSIONS
Decreasing speed and stride length over multiple races is associated with MSI in racehorses. Monitoring stride characteristics over time may be beneficial for the early detection of MSI.
Topics: Animals; Case-Control Studies; Horses; Risk Factors; Running; Musculoskeletal System; Wounds and Injuries; Walking Speed
PubMed: 35477925
DOI: 10.1111/evj.13581 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Feb 2020With the high cost and limited availability of gold standard imaging modalities, ultrasound has become an alternative in many musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Ultrasound... (Review)
Review
With the high cost and limited availability of gold standard imaging modalities, ultrasound has become an alternative in many musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Ultrasound has become increasingly portable and readily available in many acute care settings. Its ability to diagnose MSK injuries and help guide management has the potential to improve patient safety and flow. Ultrasound has been shown to diagnose fractures, dislocations, and tendon and ligament injuries. It helps guide fracture and dislocation reductions and aids in regional anesthesia for pain management. This article reviews the common MSK injuries that can be diagnosed with ultrasound with a focus on point-of-care ultrasound.
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Point-of-Care Systems; Ultrasonography; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31757253
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.09.009 -
Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Jun 2019Although a space suit is a technological feat sustaining human life outside the spacecraft, working in the space suit environment can lead to musculotendon and soft... (Review)
Review
Although a space suit is a technological feat sustaining human life outside the spacecraft, working in the space suit environment can lead to musculotendon and soft tissue injuries in astronauts. In this literature review, we consider the injury risk mechanisms for human-space suit interactions. We first present a review of space suit injury risk founded in empirical, statistical, and experimental studies. We then review efforts in computational modeling of a human and space suit. As the interpretation of models for injury risk has not previously been defined, a review is presented of biomechanical considerations of injury risk to the tissue and joints based on previously observed space suit injuries. A review of risk assessment in occupational health in the workplace is then presented, an adjacent area that informs relevant measures of consideration for human-space suit applications. Finally, we discuss how the work-to-date can inform continued efforts in minimizing risk of musculoskeletal injury to the human when using a space suit. From the literature, this review concludes space suits cause biomechanical alterations, inducing musculoskeletal injury. Combining occupational health kinematic constraints with computational models could enable a trade space evaluation on space suited biomechanics to reduce risk mechanisms. Future work, though, is required to enable computational models to be predictive of individual injury risk. Our findings show there are significant gaps in our current knowledge on tissue injuries that preclude biomechanical models from being used directly as an injury risk assessment model. This review identifies how risk factor monitoring and modeling will enable improved space suit design and evaluation.
Topics: Astronauts; Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Equipment Design; Extravehicular Activity; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Space Suits; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31101141
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.5221.2019 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Oct 2014Injuries, other than abrasions, are rare in precruising infants. In this population, a history or observation of a sentinel skin injury, intraoral injury, or... (Review)
Review
Injuries, other than abrasions, are rare in precruising infants. In this population, a history or observation of a sentinel skin injury, intraoral injury, or musculoskeletal injury without a plausible explanation, is concerning for physical abuse. A precruising infant with a sentinel injury should be medically evaluated for occult injury and predisposing medical conditions, as well as reported to authorities for further investigation. Early identification of sentinel injuries and appropriate interventions can prevent further abuse.
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Humans; Infant; Risk Factors; Sentinel Surveillance; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 25242706
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2014.06.007 -
Applied Occupational and Environmental... Nov 2001The first step in addressing any problem is recognition of the problem and a measure of its size and scope. There have been few reviews to date of the evidence of a... (Review)
Review
The first step in addressing any problem is recognition of the problem and a measure of its size and scope. There have been few reviews to date of the evidence of a musculoskeletal disorders problem in construction, particularly in the United States. Construction contractors in the United States have questioned the existence of a musculoskeletal disorders problem in construction, so a review of the evidence is warranted. The types of evidence reviewed include: 1) historical evidence, 2) injury data, 3) workers' compensation data, 4) medical exam data, 5) survey data, and 6) exposure data. Injury data generally represent injuries that the employers have identified as work-related and recorded or reported. Workers' compensation data are from cases that have been filed by workers for compensation and quite often represent only "closed" cases where compensation has been awarded. Medical exam data are from physical examinations of workers. Symptom survey data are the most inclusive and show the number of workers who self-report musculoskeletal problems. Exposure data include measurements made of exposure to musculoskeletal risk factors. The existing data show construction workers to be at significant risk of musculoskeletal injury, specifically related to the work they do. Their risk of musculoskeletal injury is much higher than that of other workers who have less heavy work, about 50 percent higher than all other workers. Several trades have been extensively studied, while others have been studied to a lesser extent. While the exact relationship between exposures and injuries is complex and often multifaceted, it would be difficult to deny the existence of the problem and the fact that these injuries are, to a great extent, related to the work that construction workers perform.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Bone and Bones; Ergonomics; Facility Design and Construction; Humans; Industry; Muscle, Skeletal; Occupational Health; Risk Assessment; Workers' Compensation; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 11757902
DOI: 10.1080/104732201753214161 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Mar 2011The purpose of this article is to detail the biology of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), critically review the existing literature, and discuss future research applications... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article is to detail the biology of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), critically review the existing literature, and discuss future research applications needed to adopt PRP as a mainstay treatment method for common musculoskeletal injuries.
CONCLUSION
Any promising minimally invasive therapy such as PRP deserves further investigation to avoid surgery. Diagnostic imaging outcome assessments, including ultrasound-guided needle precision, should be included in future investigations.
Topics: Animals; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 21343507
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.10.5975 -
Injury Feb 2020Pre-injury health status is an important determining factor of long-term outcomes after orthopaedic major trauma. Determining pre-injury health status of major trauma...
BACKGROUND
Pre-injury health status is an important determining factor of long-term outcomes after orthopaedic major trauma. Determining pre-injury health status of major trauma patients with orthopaedic injuries is also important for evaluating the change from pre to post-injury health status.
OBJECTIVES
Describe pre-injury health statuses reported at three different time points (6, 12 and 24 months) after injury and compare these with Australian normative values; determine the agreement between pre-injury health status collected at multiple time points post-injury; and identify factors associated with reporting better pre-injury health status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A registry-based cohort study was conducted. Major trauma patients with orthopaedic injuries captured by the Victorian State Trauma Registry with a date of injury from January 2009 to December 2016 were included. Pre-injury health status (measured using the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS)), reported 6, 12 and 24 months post-injury, was compared against Australian population normative values. The Bland-Altman method of comparison was used to determine the agreement between pre-injury EQ-VAS scores reported 6 to 12 and 6 to 24 months post-injury. Mixed effects ordinal logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with reporting better pre-injury health status.
RESULTS
A total of 3,371 patients were eligible for the study. The median (IQR) pre-injury EQ-VAS score reported 6, 12 and 24 months post-injury was 90 (85-100) out of 100. Participants' pre-injury EQ-VAS scores reported 6, 12 and 24 months post-injury were significantly higher than Australian population normative values. Pre-injury EQ-VAS scores reported 6 months post-injury agreed with pre-injury EQ-VAS scores reported 12 and 24 months post-injury. A significant association exists between pre-injury health status and age, comorbidities, injury characteristics, socioeconomic status and pre-injury work status.
CONCLUSIONS
People with orthopaedic major trauma have better pre-injury health compared to the general Australian population. Therefore, population-specific values should be used as baseline measures to evaluate orthopaedic trauma outcomes. Pre-injury health status values reported at three different post-injury time points were comparable. If conducting a retrospective pre-injury health evaluation, researchers need be aware of factors that influence self-reporting of pre-injury health status and the response shift that may happen due to encountering injury.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Cohort Studies; Female; Health Status; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Male; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal System; Orthopedics; Quality of Life; Registries; Social Class; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 31848017
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.12.016 -
Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England) May 2006There are a number of risk factors for traumatic injury in veterinary practice but there is little information on the prevalence of injuries or the factors associated...
BACKGROUND
There are a number of risk factors for traumatic injury in veterinary practice but there is little information on the prevalence of injuries or the factors associated with injury in this profession.
AIMS
To identify the prevalence of injuries sustained by veterinarians and the groups most at risk for different types of injury.
METHODS
Cross-sectional survey of Australian veterinarians. Subjects were asked whether they had ever had a significant work-related injury, a less serious acute work injury in the last 12 months, a work-related chronic musculoskeletal problem or dog or cat bites. The prevalence of injuries by gender, practice type and decade of graduation were reported and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the risk of each type of injury.
RESULTS
Of 2800 veterinarians, over half (51%) reported a significant work-related injury during their career while 26% of practitioners reported having at least one injury in the previous 12 months. Chronic work-related musculoskeletal problems were reported by 49% of respondents. Dog and cat bites were also very common. After adjusting for graduation year and university, males were more likely than females to have experienced cat or dog bites or have a chronic or significant injury, and large animal veterinarians were most likely to have chronic or significant injuries.
CONCLUSIONS
A high injury prevalence was found among Australian veterinarians with large animal practitioners at highest risk. This is the largest study of Australian veterinarians to have been reported and has shown that injuries are common and serious in the profession.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Adult; Australia; Bites and Stings; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Occupational Diseases; Risk Factors; Veterinarians; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 16492680
DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqj037 -
Emergency Radiology Aug 2004The clinical symptom of anterior chest pain generally elicits a long list of diagnoses. When cardiac and pleural conditions are excluded, conditions that affect the... (Review)
Review
The clinical symptom of anterior chest pain generally elicits a long list of diagnoses. When cardiac and pleural conditions are excluded, conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system become important considerations. Many of these conditions have characteristic imaging features that allow accurate diagnosis. In others, the imaging findings can be instrumental in directing the appropriate course of action. This article reviews the imaging features of a number of musculoskeletal entities that present with anterior chest pain including traumatic, rheumatologic, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions.
Topics: Chest Pain; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Radiography, Thoracic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 15309664
DOI: 10.1007/s10140-004-0342-7