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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Dec 2018Distal limb wounds in horses heal substantially different than trunk wounds, commonly resulting in exuberant granulation tissue and exposed and sequestered bone.... (Review)
Review
Distal limb wounds in horses heal substantially different than trunk wounds, commonly resulting in exuberant granulation tissue and exposed and sequestered bone. Surgical intervention of severe rectovaginal lacerations in the mare should be delayed until the tissues have heeled and scar tissue has remodeled. Wounds resulting in severe hemorrhage require appropriate emergent fluid therapy and potentially transfusion therapy.
Topics: Animals; Extremities; Granulation Tissue; Horse Diseases; Horses; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 30447768
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.07.003 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Oct 2008Serbia, a middle-income country, is located in southeastern Europe, with territory of 88,361 km(2) and 9,400,000 inhabitants. Average month salary is US$542 and the... (Review)
Review
Serbia, a middle-income country, is located in southeastern Europe, with territory of 88,361 km(2) and 9,400,000 inhabitants. Average month salary is US$542 and the registered unemployment rate is 22%. The country is administratively divided into 30 districts (193 municipalities). The healthcare system is territorially organized. In the state capital there are five clinical hospitals with musculoskeletal traumatology departments, as well as one in each of the four university centers. In addition, there are orthopaedic departments in 40 smaller hospitals throughout the country and in three military hospitals, along with several pediatric surgical departments involved in managing musculoskeletal trauma. There are 524 orthopaedic trauma surgeons (1:18,000 people), with a minor number of additionally trained general and pediatric surgeons who care for musculoskeletal problems. Bonesetters are neither recognized nor included in the healthcare system. Orthopaedic traumatology services are well organized, with variable accessibility depending on the distance between injury site and nearest medical facility. Preventive strategies are well developed and mainly consider agricultural, industrial, and traffic injuries. Distribution of medical institutions is satisfactory. Future activities should include continuing medical education of specialists, exclusion of inappropriate specialists, improvement of preventive strategies and medical transport facilities, as well as standardization of medical equipment, diagnostics, and treatment protocols.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Education, Medical; Emergency Medical Services; Health Care Costs; Health Care Rationing; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Research; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Musculoskeletal System; National Health Programs; Orthopedic Procedures; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Program Development; Wounds and Injuries; Yugoslavia
PubMed: 18622666
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0364-7 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Dec 1999This study determined gender differences in voluntary reporting of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries among U.S, Marine Corps (USMC) recruits, and it examined the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
This study determined gender differences in voluntary reporting of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries among U.S, Marine Corps (USMC) recruits, and it examined the association between these differences and the higher injury rates typically found among women trainees.
METHODS
Subjects were 176 male and 241 female enlisted USMC recruits who were followed prospectively through 11 wk (men) and 12 wk (women) of boot camp training. Reported injuries were measured by medical record reviews. Unreported injuries were determined by a questionnaire and a medical examination administered at the completion of training.
RESULTS
Among female recruits the most commonly reported injuries were patellofemoral syndrome (10.0% of subjects), ankle sprain (9.1%), and iliotibial band syndrome (5.8%); the most common unreported injuries were patellofemoral syndrome (2.1%), metatarsalgia (1.7%), and unspecified knee pain (1.7%). Among male recruits iliotibial band syndrome (4.0% of subjects), ankle sprain (2.8%), and Achilles tendinitis/bursitis (2.8%) were the most frequently reported injuries; shin splints (4.6%), iliotibial band syndrome (4.0%), and ankle sprain (2.8%) were the most common unreported diagnoses. Female recruits were more likely to have a reported injury than male recruits (44.0% vs 25.6%, relative risk (RR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-2.30), but they were less likely to have an unreported injury (11.6% vs 23.9%, RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.75). When both reported and unreported injuries were measured, total injury rates were high for both sexes (53.5% women, 45.5% men, RR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.96-1.44), but the difference between the rates was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the higher injury rates often found in female military trainees may be explained by gender differences in symptom reporting.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude; Female; Humans; Male; Military Personnel; Musculoskeletal System; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 10613432
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199912000-00017 -
Human Factors May 2022The aim of this review was to determine how exoskeletons could assist Australian Defence Force personnel with manual handling tasks. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to determine how exoskeletons could assist Australian Defence Force personnel with manual handling tasks.
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal injuries due to manual handling are physically damaging to personnel and financially costly to the Australian Defence Force. Exoskeletons may minimize injury risk by supporting, augmenting, and/or amplifying the user's physical abilities. Exoskeletons are therefore of interest in determining how they could support the unique needs of military manual handling personnel.
METHOD
Industrial and military exoskeleton studies from 1990 to 2019 were identified in the literature. This included 67 unique exoskeletons, for which Information about their current state of development was tabulated.
RESULTS
Exoskeleton support of manual handling tasks is largely through squat/deadlift (lower limb) systems (64%), with the proposed use case for these being load carrying (42%) and 78% of exoskeletons being active. Human-exoskeleton analysis was the most prevalent form of evaluation (68%) with reported reductions in back muscle activation of 15%-54%.
CONCLUSION
The high frequency of citations of exoskeletons targeting load carrying reflects the need for devices that can support manual handling workers. Exoskeleton evaluation procedures varied across studies making comparisons difficult. The unique considerations for military applications, such as heavy external loads and load asymmetry, suggest that a significant adaptation to current technology or customized military-specific devices would be required for the introduction of exoskeletons into a military setting.
APPLICATION
Exoskeletons in the literature and their potential to be adapted for application to military manual handling tasks are presented.
Topics: Australia; Exoskeleton Device; Humans; Military Personnel; Musculoskeletal System; Posture; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 33203237
DOI: 10.1177/0018720820957467 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Feb 2020Acute musculoskeletal injuries are commonly seen in our emergency departments, and are commonly missed. There are many reasons for more missed injures and a significant... (Review)
Review
Acute musculoskeletal injuries are commonly seen in our emergency departments, and are commonly missed. There are many reasons for more missed injures and a significant one is over-reliance on radiographs. An emergency department orthopedic assessment goes far beyond the radiographs. A focused, yet comprehensive history is vital to understand the forces and mechanism of injury. That injury must be understood in the context of the patient, because older and much younger patients have weaker bone. Finally, the physical examination is instrumental in localizing the pathology and is essential to put radiograph results in the proper clinical context.
Topics: Disease Management; Emergency Medicine; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Physical Examination; Radiography; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31757244
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.09.001 -
Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging :... Jun 2007The unique ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to visualize injuries of bone, cartilage, bone marrow, and supporting soft tissue structure makes it ideally suited... (Review)
Review
The unique ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to visualize injuries of bone, cartilage, bone marrow, and supporting soft tissue structure makes it ideally suited for the evaluation of musculoskeletal trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging also offers exquisitely detailed anatomical information on the musculoskeletal system. The widespread availability of MR imaging and the constantly improving technology make it the imaging modality of choice for the patients with a musculoskeletal trauma. This review discusses the role and applications of MR imaging for musculoskeletal trauma. It covers traumatic conditions of the musculoskeletal system, including hemarthrosis, lipohemarthrosis, stress fracture, occult fractures, cartilage injuries, the muscle and tendon trauma, avulsion injuries, extensor mechanism injuries, and traumatic conditions of joints.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 17762380
DOI: 10.1097/RMR.0b013e318093e670 -
Military Medical Research Jul 2018The activities carried out by soldiers in the army involve great physical demands and require intense trainings to perform combat-specific tasks. Musculoskeletal injury... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The activities carried out by soldiers in the army involve great physical demands and require intense trainings to perform combat-specific tasks. Musculoskeletal injury is a potential threat to the health and physical integrity of the soldier. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries among soldiers and to propose a training protocol to prevent the most frequent injuries.
METHODS
This observational (cross-sectional) study recruited a sample of 103 soldiers who required medical attention, from a total 202 new battalion soldiers. The medical records (paper and online) had a form of running text. All data collected were recorded by the registered physicians of the battalion medical post. The records were analyzed by the following variables: medical diagnosis, injury site, mechanism, type of treatment, time loss, existence of previous injury, and recurring injury.
RESULTS
A total of 112 musculoskeletal injuries were diagnosed in 71 soldiers, and other types of diseases/injuries were diagnosed in the other soldiers. Joint pain accounted for 55.4% of the diagnoses. The knee was the most affected site, while trauma and overload were the most common mechanisms of injury. Drug treatment was used most frequently, accounting for 58% of the cases. The majority of the sample obtained a temporary leave of absence for 1 to 6 days or not at all. Previous injuries and recurrence were not presented as risk factors for injury. With the data received, a protocol for the prevention of injuries to the lower limbs was proposed.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated that the most frequent site of injury is the knee, and joint pain is the most common diagnosis. These results may support the necessity to develop a neuromuscular training protocol to prevent lower limb injuries, which we suggest to be applied in future studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Military Medicine; Military Personnel; Musculoskeletal System; Pain; Primary Prevention; Risk Factors; Running; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 30049289
DOI: 10.1186/s40779-018-0172-7 -
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Feb 1997
Review
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Animals; Ankle Injuries; Bone Density; Colles' Fracture; Humans; Knee Injuries; Ligaments, Articular; Musculoskeletal System; Osteoporosis; Risk Factors; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Tibial Fractures; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 9052551
DOI: 10.2106/00004623-199702000-00017 -
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Nov 2015
Review
Topics: Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Orthopedic Procedures; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 26582622
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.O.00827 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Jul 2016Fishing is a common pastime. In the developed world, it is commonly performed as a recreational activity. We aim to determine injury patterns and outcomes among patients...
INTRODUCTION
Fishing is a common pastime. In the developed world, it is commonly performed as a recreational activity. We aim to determine injury patterns and outcomes among patients injured while ice fishing.
METHODS
Data on initial emergency department visits from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) from 2009-2014 were analyzed. All patients with fishing related injuries were included. Primary endpoint was rate of admission or transfer. Secondary endpoints were defined a priori anatomical injury categories and patients were assigned into groups. Descriptive and power analysis was performed between patients with ice-fishing and traditional fishing related injuries.
RESULTS
We identified 8220 patients who sustained fishing related injuries, of which n=85 (1%) involved ice fishing. Ice fishing injuries occurred primarily in males (88%) with a mean age of 39.4years ±17.5 (std dev). The most common injuries related to ice fishing were: orthopedic/musculoskeletal (46%), minor trauma (37%), and major trauma (6%). Hot thermal injuries (burns) were the fourth most common type of ice-fishing injury (5%) but rarely occurred in warmer fishing months (<1%, P=.004). Cold thermal injuries (1%) and hypothermia (0%) were rare among ice-fishing injuries and immersion/drowning occurred in 5% of cases. The rate of admission/transfer was significantly greater in ice-fishing (11%) than the traditional fishing patients 3%, (P<.001), power was 90%.
CONCLUSION
Ice fishing is associated with more severe injury patterns and more thermal injuries and immersion injuries than traditional fishing. Providers and participants should be aware of the potential risks and benefits and counseled appropriately.
Topics: Adult; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Fisheries; Humans; Ice; Male; Middle Aged; Recreation; United States; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 27117462
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.078