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Disaster Medicine and Public Health... Nov 2023Development of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate and/ or treat the pulmonary complications associated with exposure to chemical, radiological, and/ or nuclear... (Review)
Review
Development of medical countermeasures (MCM) to mitigate and/ or treat the pulmonary complications associated with exposure to chemical, radiological, and/ or nuclear weapons is a national, public health preparedness posture priority in the United States (US). Pulmonary exposure to either sulfur mustard vapor or radiation causes oxidative damage, vascular injury, hyperinflammation, and pro-fibrotic signaling cascades that lead to life-threatening and potentially debilitating lung disease. There is no MCM currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to mitigate and/ or treat lung injury caused by sulfur mustard or radiation exposure. Thus, there remains a major unmet public health need for development of threat-agnostic, host-directed therapeutics that target common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the progression of acute and/ or late lung injury independent of the etiology of disease. This review describes the clinical manifestations and underlying mechanisms of sulfur mustard and radiation-induced lung injury and regulatory considerations for MCM development under the non-traditional Animal Rule pathway.
Topics: Mustard Gas; Animals; Medical Countermeasures; Models, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Chemical Warfare Agents
PubMed: 37937347
DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.180 -
Nature Dec 1993
Topics: Advisory Committees; Chemical Warfare; Compensation and Redress; Federal Government; Humans; Internationality; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Military Personnel; Mustard Gas; Organophosphate Poisoning; Research Subjects; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Skin; Smoking; United States; World War II
PubMed: 8247138
DOI: 10.1038/366398a0 -
Toxicology Sep 2009Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent leading to severe blistering of skin and mucosal surfaces, and as a long-term effect, to an increased risk for... (Review)
Review
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent leading to severe blistering of skin and mucosal surfaces, and as a long-term effect, to an increased risk for malignancies. At the molecular level, SM acts as a bifunctional alkylating agent, leading to DNA mono-adducts and di-adducts. This review is focussed on the role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the cell and tissue responses to SM-induced damage and potential role of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation as therapeutic agents for SM injury.
Topics: Alkylation; Apoptosis; Chemical Warfare Agents; DNA; DNA Adducts; DNA Repair; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Mustard Gas; Poisoning; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 18602966
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.06.002 -
Boletines Y Trabajos. Sociedad de... Oct 1953
Topics: Humans; Mustard Gas; Neoplasms
PubMed: 13105828
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Dec 1993
Topics: Chemical Warfare; Human Experimentation; Humans; Military Personnel; Mustard Gas; United States
PubMed: 8247139
DOI: 10.1038/366398b0 -
Nature Jan 1948
Topics: Aspergillus; Aspergillus nidulans; Genetic Phenomena; Heredity; Mustard Gas; Mustard Plant; Mutation; Sulfides; Tissues
PubMed: 18898339
DOI: 10.1038/161100a0 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Nov 2023Respiratory disease (RD) is one of the most common diseases characterized by lung dysfunction. Many diagnostic mechanisms have been used to identify the pathogenic... (Review)
Review
AIM
Respiratory disease (RD) is one of the most common diseases characterized by lung dysfunction. Many diagnostic mechanisms have been used to identify the pathogenic agents of responsible for RD. Among these, proteomics emerges as a valuable diagnostic method for pinpointing the specific proteins involved in RD pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we examined the protein markers involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), and chemical warfare victims exposed to mustard gas, using the proteomics method as a systematic study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was performed up to September 2023 on several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane. In total, selected 4246 articles were for evaluation according to the criteria. Finally, 119 studies were selected for this systematic review.
RESULTS
A total of 13,806 proteins were identified, 6471 in COPD, 1603 in Asthma, 5638 in IPF, three in BO, and 91 in mustard gas exposed victims. Alterations in the expression of these proteins were observed in the respective diseases. After evaluation, the results showed that 31 proteins were found to be shared among all five diseases.
CONCLUSION
Although these 31 proteins regulate different factors and molecular pathways in all five diseases, they ultimately lead to the regulation of inflammatory pathways. In other words, the expression of some proteins in COPD and mustard-exposed patients increases inflammatory reactions, while in IPF, they cause lung fibrosis. Asthma, causes allergic reactions due to T-cell differentiation toward Th2.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Mustard Gas; Proteomics; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Asthma; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38018577
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1090 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jun 2016Corneal injuries resulting from ocular exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) vapor are the most prevalent chemical warfare injury. Ocular exposures exhibit three distinct,... (Review)
Review
Corneal injuries resulting from ocular exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) vapor are the most prevalent chemical warfare injury. Ocular exposures exhibit three distinct, dose-dependent clinical trajectories: complete injury resolution, immediate transition to a chronic injury, or apparent recovery followed by the subsequent development of persistent ocular manifestations. These latter two trajectories include a constellation of corneal symptoms that are collectively known as mustard gas keratopathy (MGK). The etiology of MGK is not understood. Here, we synthesize recent findings from in vivo rabbit SM vapor studies, suggesting that tissue-specific damage during the acute injury can decrement the regenerative capacities of corneal endothelium and limbal stem cells, thereby predisposing the cornea to the chronic or delayed forms of MGK. This hypothesis not only provides a mechanism to explain the acute and MGK injuries but also identifies novel therapeutic modalities to mitigate or eliminate the acute and long-term consequences of ocular exposure to SM vapor.
Topics: Animals; Cornea; Corneal Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Mustard Gas; Volatilization
PubMed: 27310673
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13105 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Nov 1946
Topics: Mustard Gas; Salts; Sulfides
PubMed: 20282495
DOI: 10.1021/jo01176a012 -
Homeopathy : the Journal of the Faculty... 2011
Topics: Adult; Aged; History, 20th Century; Homeopathy; Humans; Middle Aged; Mustard Gas; Societies, Medical; United Kingdom
PubMed: 21459296
DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2011.02.006