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International Journal of Medicinal... 2018The phenolic compounds of Inonotus rheades (Pers.) Bondartsev and Singer (Hymenochaetaceae), a typical xylotrophic basidiomycete, and accumulation of styrylpyrones in...
The phenolic compounds of Inonotus rheades (Pers.) Bondartsev and Singer (Hymenochaetaceae), a typical xylotrophic basidiomycete, and accumulation of styrylpyrones in mycelium under the influence of light of different wavelengths were investigated. Six styrylpyrones (cis- and trans-hispidin, cis- and trans-bisnoryangonin, and phellinins A1 and A2) and 5 bis(styrylpyrones) (3,14'-bishispidinyl, hypholomin B, 3-bisnoryangonyl-14'-hispidin, 1,1-distyrylpyrylethane, and rheadinin) were detected in the extract of I. rheades mycelium using reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-UPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). The results showed that the maximal content of styrylpyrones was observed under the influence of blue light (8.10 mg/g of dry mycelium weight). Moreover, hispidin was the dominant compound in all experimental groups. Pigmentation intensity gradually decreased after shifting the light spectrum into darkness. It can be concluded that cultivation of I. rheades mycelium under the blue part of the light spectrum leads to the accumulation of styrylpyrones that have nutraceutical and medicinal significance.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Mycelium; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Pyrones; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Styrenes
PubMed: 30055555
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018026595 -
Biological Trace Element Research Jun 2012The behavior of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi on exposure to cadmium dependent upon isolation remains a poorly understood phenomenon. The in vitro growth, tolerance, and...
The behavior of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi on exposure to cadmium dependent upon isolation remains a poorly understood phenomenon. The in vitro growth, tolerance, and accumulation of Cd were studied in three strains of ECM fungi exposed to six Cd concentrations (0-10 mg L(-1)). The fungi studied were a strain of Scleroderma citrinum Persoon (Sc) isolated from a tailings heap containing 5 mg kg(-1) available Cd, and two strains of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch from unpolluted sites (Pt1 and Pt2), both common ECM fungi used for remediation. The growth kinetic (36 days) of Sc was not affected by Cd concentration. By contrast, the ED(50) in Pt1 and Pt2 occurred at 4.8 and 6.9 mg L(-1) of Cd, respectively. The biomass of the three fungi exposed to the highest Cd concentration (10 mg L(-1)) was significantly different. Sc presented the highest biomass, while this was strongly reduced for Pt1 and Pt2. The tolerance index for Sc ranged from 78% to 95% at all Cd concentrations tested, while for Pt1 it was 49% and 31%, and for Pt2 it was 62% and 35% at 5 and 10 mg of Cd L(-1), respectively. The mycelium of both Pt strains accumulated more Cd than the Sc mycelium. At the highest Cd concentration, Pt1 and Pt2 accumulated 1.9 and 1.7 times more Cd than Sc. This study suggests that regardless of the differences in tolerance to Cd by the three ECM fungi, they could have biotechnological applications for soil remediation. However, Sc has greater possibilities of being used successfully when high concentrations of Cd prevail in the environment.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Biomass; Cadmium; Kinetics; Mycelium; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 22113263
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9267-7 -
Viruses Jan 2022Recent studies have demonstrated that phages can be co-transported with motile non-host bacteria, thereby enabling their invasion of biofilms and control of biofilm...
Recent studies have demonstrated that phages can be co-transported with motile non-host bacteria, thereby enabling their invasion of biofilms and control of biofilm composition. Here, we developed a novel approach to isolate non-host bacteria able to co-transport phages from soil. It is based on the capability of phage-carrying non-host bacteria to move along mycelia out of soil and form colonies in plaques of their co-transported phages. The approach was tested using two model phages of differing surface hydrophobicity, i.e., hydrophobic virus T4 (T4) and hydrophilic phage HS2 (HS2). The phages were mixed into soil and allowed to be transported by soil bacteria along the mycelia of . Five phage-carrying bacterial species were isolated ( sp., sp., sp., sp., sp.). These bacteria exhibited phage adsorption efficiencies of ≈90-95% for hydrophobic T4 and 30-95% for hydrophilic HS2. The phage adsorption efficiency of sp. was ≈95% for both phages and twofold higher than T4-or HS2-adsorption to their respective hosts, qualifying sp. as a potential super carrier for phages. Our approach offers an effective and target-specific way to identify and isolate phage-carrying bacteria in natural and man-made environments.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteriophage T4; Bacteriophages; Mycelium; Pythium; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 35215789
DOI: 10.3390/v14020195 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Feb 2008Two pamamycin homologues with different side chain lengths were isolated from Streptomyces sp. HKI-0118. Aerial mycelium-inducing activity decreased by ca. 1/10 per...
Two pamamycin homologues with different side chain lengths were isolated from Streptomyces sp. HKI-0118. Aerial mycelium-inducing activity decreased by ca. 1/10 per methylene unit in the side chain.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Macrolides; Molecular Structure; Mycelium; Organic Chemicals; Streptomyces; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 18408331
DOI: 10.1038/ja.2008.118 -
Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica... Mar 2011Morchella conica Pers. strains of the study were isolated from fruit bodies collected in ash-mixed forests. At first, the strains were cultured on potato dextrose agar...
Morchella conica Pers. strains of the study were isolated from fruit bodies collected in ash-mixed forests. At first, the strains were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), then on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid agar media. A normal-growing strain was chosen for the trehalase induction experiments. During the trehalase induction treatment, mycelia were grown in liquid culture containing different concentrations of trehalose. After the induction period of trehalase enzymes, physiological state of the mycelium and the oxidative stress were monitored in the vegetative mycelia by measuring the change of the malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, the fresh and dry weight. The examined Morchella conica strain utilized the trehalose properly. The rising amount of the trehalose triggered the increase of the mycelial trehalase enzyme activity. Our results clearly proved that both neutral and acidic trehalase isoenzyme activity of the Morchella conica mycelium are inducible and are playing important role in the utilization of external trehalose.
Topics: Ascomycota; Cell Culture Techniques; Culture Media; Enzyme Induction; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Malondialdehyde; Mycelium; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Trehalase; Trehalose
PubMed: 21450550
DOI: 10.1556/AMicr.58.2011.1.1 -
Doklady Biological Sciences :... Jan 2013
Topics: Agar; Agaricales; Luminescence; Mycelium
PubMed: 23479017
DOI: 10.1134/S0012496613010122 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Oct 2012The present work aimed to investigate whether exposure to static magnetic field (SMF) and extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) can induce biomolecular changes...
The present work aimed to investigate whether exposure to static magnetic field (SMF) and extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) can induce biomolecular changes on Tuber borchii hyphal growth. Tuber borchii mycelium was exposed for 1 h for 3 consecutive days to a SMF of 300 mT or an ELF-MF of 0.1 mT 50 Hz. Gene expression and biochemical analyses were performed. In mycelia exposed to ELF-MF, some genes involved in hyphal growth, investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, were upregulated, and the activity of many glycolytic enzymes was increased. On the contrary, no differences were observed in gene expression after exposure to SMF treatment, and only the activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase increased. The data herein presented suggest that the electromagnetic field can act as an environmental factor in promoting hyphal growth and can be used for applicative purposes, such as the set up of new in vitro cultivation techniques.
Topics: Electromagnetic Fields; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Genes, Fungal; Glucose; Hyphae; Magnetic Fields; Mycelium; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 23009616
DOI: 10.1139/w2012-093 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology Sep 2009Interest in stipitate hydnoid fungi of the genera Bankera, Hydnellum, Phellodon and Sarcodon has increased due to the decline in numbers of sporocarps in Europe....
Interest in stipitate hydnoid fungi of the genera Bankera, Hydnellum, Phellodon and Sarcodon has increased due to the decline in numbers of sporocarps in Europe. Conservation of these fungi is hindered by a lack of understanding of their basic ecology. In particular, a better understanding of their belowground ecology is required. Real-time PCR in conjunction with spatially explicit sampling was used to quantify the relationship between sporocarps and mycelium of Hydnellum peckii and Phellodon tomentosus. Species-specific DNA of the target species was quantified in 100 soil samples collected on a 360 x 360 cm grid at five locations where sporocarps were present. All sporocarps within the grid and up to 2 m around the grid were mapped. Sporocarp production did not occur over the whole extent of the belowground mycelium of these two species, and mycelium extended up to 330 cm away from the immediate site of sporocarp production. Spatial analyses using Kernel-smoothing and Moran's I correlograms showed that, with a single exception, there was no quantitative relationship between sporocarp distribution and the belowground abundance of mycelium. These findings have important implications for the conservation of this rare group of fungi.
Topics: Basidiomycota; DNA, Fungal; Ecosystem; Mycelium; Pinus sylvestris; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity
PubMed: 19558589
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00716.x -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2015Species of mushroom genus Lentinus (=Lentinula) are best known for the commercially important and extensively studied culinary-medicinal shiitake, L. edodes. A few... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Species of mushroom genus Lentinus (=Lentinula) are best known for the commercially important and extensively studied culinary-medicinal shiitake, L. edodes. A few mycelium growth studies have focused on Lentinus boryana, but information is lacking for L. raphanica and L. aciculospora, endemic to the Americas. In this study, 14 dikaryon strains representing 5 Lentinus species were grown on 5 nutritive agar media at increments of 5°C. Growth for each species was significantly slower on corn meal agar, but no differences were found among malt extract, potato dextrose, malt peptone, and yeast malt extract agars. Lentinus aciculospora and L. boryana consistently exhibited the slowest mycelium growth rates among all species and across all temperatures tested, with optima at 15°C and 20°C. The fastest mycelium growth rates for L. edodes, L. novaezelandiae, and L. raphanica occurred at 25°C. Strains of the latter continued to grow well at 30°C, whereas growth of the other 2 species declined significantly. Differences in mycelium growth rates for American strains could be partially explained by their geographic locations, indicating that understanding this physiological parameter has important ramifications for the edible mushroom industry.
Topics: Culture Media; Lentinula; Mycelium; Temperature
PubMed: 26082987
DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v17.i5.80 -
Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B Oct 2023Filamentous fungi develop intricate hyphal networks that support mycelial foraging and transport of resources. These networks have been analyzed recently using graph...
Filamentous fungi develop intricate hyphal networks that support mycelial foraging and transport of resources. These networks have been analyzed recently using graph theory, enabling the development of models that seek to predict functional traits. However, attention has focused mainly on mature colonies. Here, we report the extraction and analysis of the graph corresponding to Trichoderma atroviride mycelia only a few hours after conidia germination. To extract the graph for a given mycelium, a mosaic conformed of multiple bright-field, optical microscopy images is digitally processed using freely available software. The resulting graphs are characterized in terms of number of nodes and edges, average edge length, total mycelium length, hyphal growth unit, maximum edge length and mycelium diameter, for colonies between 8 h and 14 h after conidium germination. Our results show that the emerging hyphal network grows first by hyphal elongation and branching, and then it transitions to a stage where hyphal-hyphal interactions become significant. As a tangled hyphal network develops with decreasing hyphal mean length, the mycelium maintains long (∼2 mm) hyphae-a behavior that suggests a combination of aggregated and dispersed architectures to support foraging. Lastly, analysis of early network development in Podospora anserina reveals striking similarity with T. atroviride, suggesting common mechanisms during initial colony formation in filamentous fungi.
Topics: Mycelium; Hyphae; Fungi; Microscopy
PubMed: 37453457
DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103823