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The European Respiratory Journal Jul 2020Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and...
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection) caused by the most common NTM pathogens such as complex, , and among the slowly growing NTM and among the rapidly growing NTM. A panel of experts was carefully selected by leading international respiratory medicine and infectious diseases societies (ATS, ERS, ESCMID, IDSA) and included specialists in pulmonary medicine, infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, laboratory medicine, and patient advocacy. Systematic reviews were conducted around each of 22 PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) questions and the recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Thirty-one evidence-based recommendations about treatment of NTM pulmonary disease are provided. This guideline is intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for patients with NTM pulmonary disease, including specialists in infectious diseases and pulmonary diseases.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium kansasii; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 32636299
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00535-2020 -
Environmental Science & Technology Nov 2022Microplastic (MP) contamination is a serious global environmental problem. Plastic contamination has attracted extensive attention during the past decades. While...
Microplastic (MP) contamination is a serious global environmental problem. Plastic contamination has attracted extensive attention during the past decades. While physiochemical weathering may influence the properties of MPs, biodegradation by microorganisms could ultimately mineralize plastics into CO. Compared to the well-studied marine ecosystems, the MP biodegradation process in riverine ecosystems, however, is less understood. The current study focuses on the MP biodegradation in one of the world's most plastic contaminated rivers, Pearl River, using micropolyethylene (mPE) as a model substrate. Mineralization of C-labeled mPE into CO provided direct evidence of mPE biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms. Several genera were identified as putative mPE degraders. Furthermore, two isolates related to the putative mPE degraders, sp. mPE3 and sp. mPE12, were retrieved, and their ability to mineralize C-mPE into CO was confirmed. Pangenomic analysis reveals that the genes related to the proposed mPE biodegradation pathway are shared by members of . While both and are known for their pathogenicity, these populations on the plastisphere in this study were likely nonpathogenic as they lacked virulence factors. The current study provided direct evidence for MP mineralization by indigenous biodegraders and predicted their biodegradation pathway, which may be harnessed to improve bioremediation of MPs in urban rivers.
Topics: Plastics; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Mycobacteriaceae; Carbon Dioxide; Rivers
PubMed: 36288260
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05346 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 2020Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and...
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection) caused by the most common NTM pathogens such as Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium xenopi among the slowly growing NTM and Mycobacterium abscessus among the rapidly growing NTM. A panel of experts was carefully selected by leading international respiratory medicine and infectious diseases societies (ATS, ERS, ESCMID, IDSA) and included specialists in pulmonary medicine, infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, laboratory medicine, and patient advocacy. Systematic reviews were conducted around each of 22 PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) questions and the recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Thirty-one evidence-based recommendations about treatment of NTM pulmonary disease are provided. This guideline is intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for patients with NTM pulmonary disease, including specialists in infectious diseases and pulmonary diseases.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium kansasii; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
PubMed: 32797222
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1125 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2018Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts. A large number of mycobacteriophages have been isolated and genomically characterized, providing insights... (Review)
Review
Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts. A large number of mycobacteriophages have been isolated and genomically characterized, providing insights into viral diversity and evolution, as well as fueling development of tools for mycobacterial genetics. Mycobacteriophages have intimate relationships with their hosts and provide insights into the genetics and physiology of the mycobacteria and tools for potential clinical applications such as drug development, diagnosis, vaccines, and potentially therapy.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Genome, Viral; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mycobacteriaceae; Mycobacteriophages; Phage Therapy
PubMed: 30291704
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0026-2018 -
PloS One 2020We investigated the species diversity of Mycobacteriaceae in surface water samples from six environments at the zoological park in São Paulo, Brazil. Three hundred and...
We investigated the species diversity of Mycobacteriaceae in surface water samples from six environments at the zoological park in São Paulo, Brazil. Three hundred and eighty isolates were cultivated and identified by phenotypic characteristics (growth rate and pigmentation) and sequencing of hsp65, rpoB and 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that almost 48% of the isolates could be identified at the species level; about 50% were classified at the genus level, and only less than 2% of the isolates showed an inconclusive identification. The isolates classified at the genus level and not identified were then evaluated by phylogenetic analyses using the same three concatenated target genes. The results allowed us to identify at the genus level some isolates that previously had inconclusive identification, and they also suggested the presence of putative candidate species within the sample, demonstrating that this zoological park is an important source of diversity.
Topics: Brazil; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genomics; Mycobacteriaceae; Parks, Recreational; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 31935265
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227759 -
Microbial Genomics Jul 2020Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are agents of bacterial evolution and adaptation. Genome sequencing provides an unbiased approach that has revealed an abundance of MGEs...
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are agents of bacterial evolution and adaptation. Genome sequencing provides an unbiased approach that has revealed an abundance of MGEs in prokaryotes, mainly plasmids and integrative conjugative elements. Nevertheless, many mobilomes, particularly those from environmental bacteria, remain underexplored despite their representing a reservoir of genes that can later emerge in the clinic. Here, we explored the mobilome of the family, focusing on strains from Brazilian Atlantic Forest soil. Novel and strains were identified, with the former ones harbouring linear and circular plasmids encoding the specialized type-VII secretion system (T7SS) and mobility-associated genes. In addition, we also identified a T4SS-mediated integrative conjugative element (ICEMyc226) encoding two T7SSs and a number of xenobiotic degrading genes. Our study uncovers the diversity of the mobilome, providing the evidence of an ICE in this bacterial family. Moreover, the presence of T7SS genes in an ICE, as well as plasmids, highlights the role of these mobile genetic elements in the dispersion of T7SS.
Topics: Brazil; Conjugation, Genetic; Forests; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; Mycobacteriaceae; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32496186
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000382 -
Trends in Immunology Feb 2017ISG15 is a type I interferon (IFN)-inducible gene encoding a protein with pleiotropic functions, acting both as a soluble molecule and as a protein modifier.... (Review)
Review
ISG15 is a type I interferon (IFN)-inducible gene encoding a protein with pleiotropic functions, acting both as a soluble molecule and as a protein modifier. Surprisingly, and despite the antiviral functions of ISG15 described in mice, humans born with inactivating mutations of ISG15 do not present with any overt viral phenotype, but are highly susceptible to environmental mycobacteria and have autoinflammatory disease presentations. In vitro, ISG15 deficiency also leads to persistently high levels of type I IFN-stimulated gene expression and to increased resistance to all viruses tested to date. This suggests that ISG15 deficiency increases antiviral responses in humans, in stark contrast to expectations based on mouse experiments. We discuss here the roles of each of the forms of ISG15 in health and disease, as well as the differences between species.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmunity; Bacterial Infections; Cytokines; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Immunity; Interferon Type I; Mice; Mycobacteriaceae; Species Specificity; Ubiquitins; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 27887993
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.11.001 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of originally environmental organi3sms, increasingly recognized as pathogens with rising prevalence... (Review)
Review
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of originally environmental organi3sms, increasingly recognized as pathogens with rising prevalence worldwide. Knowledge of NTM's mechanisms of virulence is lacking, as molecular research of these bacteria is challenging, sometimes more than that of M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and far less resources are allocated to their investigation. While some of the virulence mechanisms are common to several mycobacteria including Mtb, others NTM species-specific. Among NTMs, Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs) causes some of the most severe and difficult to treat infections, especially chronic pulmonary infections. Mabs survives and proliferates intracellularly by circumventing host defenses, using multiple mechanisms, many of which remain poorly characterized. Some of these immune-evasion mechanisms are also found in Mtb, including phagosome pore formation, inhibition of phagosome maturation, cytokine response interference and apoptosis delay. While much is known of the role of Mtb-secreted effector molecules in mediating the manipulation of the host response, far less is known of the secreted effector molecules in Mabs. In this review, we briefly summarize the knowledge of secreted effectors in Mtb (such as ESX secretion, SecA2, TAT and others), and draw the parallel pathways in Mabs. We also describe pathways that are unique to Mabs, differentiating it from Mtb. This review will assist researchers interested in virulence-associated secretion in Mabs by providing the knowledge base and framework for their studies.
Topics: Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Phagosomes; Virulence
PubMed: 35880173
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938895 -
[Systematics, differentiation, and detection of bacterial infections-- the family Mycobacteriaceae].Immunitat Und Infektion Oct 1991Comparative 16S rRNA sequencing allows to infer natural relationships among bacteria, to characterize and identify microorganisms at a molecular level and to develop DNA... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Comparative 16S rRNA sequencing allows to infer natural relationships among bacteria, to characterize and identify microorganisms at a molecular level and to develop DNA probes specific at any desired taxonomic level (e.g. family, genus, species). Probes targeted at ribosomal RNA are suitable for in situ hybridization of whole, intact bacterial cells as well as in polymerase-chain-reaction techniques for sensitive detection and identification of bacteria. Comparative 16S rRNA sequencing provided the basis for a systematic phylogenetic analysis of the genus Mycobacterium. Certain growth characteristics, i.e. thermotolerance and growth rate correspond to natural relationships among the mycobacteria. However, the phylogenetic relatedness within the slow-growing species did not reflect the Runyon classification of photochromogenic, scotochromogenic and nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria. The use of oligonucleotides targeted at highly or semi-conserved regions within the 16S rRNA molecule allows a universal procedure for amplification and rapid sequence determination of 16S rDNA-gene fragments from any virtually bacterial organism. This method of amplification of 16S rDNA-gene fragments was used to identify a novel, uncultured pathogen and opens new perspectives for other infectious diseases of unknown cause.
Topics: Base Sequence; DNA Probes; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycobacteriaceae; Mycobacterium Infections; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 1722188
DOI: No ID Found -
Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie :... Nov 1989
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 2692583
DOI: No ID Found