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Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Dec 2005Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenitis in children is most often caused by Mycobacterium avium. In a prospective, multicenter trial of the optimal treatment,...
BACKGROUND
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenitis in children is most often caused by Mycobacterium avium. In a prospective, multicenter trial of the optimal treatment, 23.7% of the NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis cases in children were caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum. In this article, we describe the epidemiological and clinical features of M. haemophilum cervicofacial lymphadenitis.
METHODS
The diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium or M. haemophilum infection was established by culture or polymerase chain reaction. Demographic characteristics and data regarding clinical presentation and possible environmental exposure were compared for patients infected with M. avium and those infected with M. haemophilum.
RESULTS
Ninety-four (69.9%) of 135 infections were caused by M. avium, 32 (23.7%) by M. haemophilum, and 9 (6.4%) by other NTM species. The median age of the M. haemophilum-infected children was 72 months, compared with 41 months for the M. avium-infected children (P < .001), with an equal distribution for both sexes. Involvement of multiple lymph nodes was frequently observed among the M. haemophilum-infected patients (56% of patients). Extranodal localizations were only observed in M. haemophilum-infected patients. Children with M. haemophilum infection were more likely to have a non-Dutch background (P = .001), and in most cases, they had a history of contact with swimming water (P = .03), whereas M. avium-infected patients were more likely to have a history of playing in sandpits (P = .01). In a multivariate analysis, only older age and a non-Dutch background were predisposing risk factors for M. haemophilum infection, compared with M. avium infection.
CONCLUSION
Higher age, non-Dutch background, and involvement of multiple cervicofacial lymph nodes with extranodal localizations distinguished M. haemophilum infection from M. avium infection.
Topics: Aging; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Lymphadenitis; Male; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Netherlands; Risk Factors; Swimming Pools
PubMed: 16267728
DOI: 10.1086/497834 -
Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2013Opportunistic infections following immunosuppression in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients are common complications with the skin being a common sight of infection....
Opportunistic infections following immunosuppression in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients are common complications with the skin being a common sight of infection. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rare but potential causes of skin infection in SOT patients. We present a case of an adult male immunosuppressed following renal transplantation who presented with an asymptomatic rash for several months. The patient's skin eruption consisted of erythematous papules and plaques coalescing into an annular formation. After failure of the initial empiric therapy, a punch biopsy was performed that demonstrated nerve involvement suspicious for Mycobacterium leprae. However, culture of the biopsy specimen grew acid-fast bacilli that were subsequently identified as M. haemophilum. His rash improved after a prolonged course of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Both organisms are potential causes of opportunistic skin infections and can be difficult to distinguish with similar predilection for skin and other biochemical and genetic similarities. Ultimately they can be distinguished with culture as M. haemophilum will grow in culture and M. leprae will not. This case was unique due to nerve involvement on biopsy which is classically seen on biopsies of leprosy.
PubMed: 24369511
DOI: 10.1155/2013/793127 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Oct 1999We present a case of a pulmonary nodular lesion in an immunocompetent patient documented at open lung biopsy to be due to Mycobacterium haemophilum. This organism has... (Review)
Review
We present a case of a pulmonary nodular lesion in an immunocompetent patient documented at open lung biopsy to be due to Mycobacterium haemophilum. This organism has recently been recognized as a cause of disease in immunocompromised patients, presenting predominantly as skin lesions, arthritis, and rarely pneumonia. Because this mycobacterium is fastidious and difficult to grow without the use of special media and conditions, our case raises the possibility that M. haemophilum could be an underrecognized cause of granulomatous pulmonary lesions and should be considered particularly in cases where smears for acid-fast bacteria are positive but cultures are negative.
Topics: Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Lung; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 10508830
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.4.9904003 -
Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases Oct 2018Mycobacterium haemophilum is a fastidious nontuberculosis Mycobacterium that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infections in immunocompromised...
Mycobacterium haemophilum is a fastidious nontuberculosis Mycobacterium that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infections in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacterium haemophilum typically is a pathogen of the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissue and also presents as septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, pulmonary disease, and lymphadenitis. We report a 32-year-old man with past medical history of kidney transplantation, endocarditis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hypertension, complaining of multiple painful nodular lesions since 3 months earlier. A tissue biopsy and polymerase chain reaction detected Mycobacterium haemophilum. Atypical mycobacterial species like Mycobacterium haemophilum should be assessed in immunocompromised patients positive for acid fast staining and negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum
PubMed: 30367024
DOI: No ID Found -
Digestive and Liver Disease : Official... Sep 2020
Topics: Aged; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 32340886
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.018 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2016Mycobacteriosis is infrequently reported in free-ranging sea turtles. Nontuberculous Mycobacterium haemophilum was identified as the causative agent of disseminated...
Mycobacteriosis is infrequently reported in free-ranging sea turtles. Nontuberculous Mycobacterium haemophilum was identified as the causative agent of disseminated mycobacteriosis in a juvenile leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) that was found stranded on the Atlantic coast of Florida. Disseminated granulomatous inflammation was identified histologically, most notably affecting the nervous system. Identification of mycobacterial infection was based on cytologic, molecular, histologic, and microbiologic methods. Among stranded sea turtles received for diagnostic evaluation from the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States between 2004 and 2015, the diagnosis of mycobacteriosis was overrepresented in stranded oceanic-phase juveniles compared with larger size classes, which suggests potential differences in susceptibility or exposure among different life phases in this region. We describe M. haemophilum in a sea turtle, which contributes to the knowledge of diseases of small juvenile sea turtles, an especially cryptic life phase of the leatherback turtle.
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Florida; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Turtles
PubMed: 27698171
DOI: 10.1177/1040638716661746 -
The Journal of Dermatology Jan 2018Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow-growing, non-tuberculous mycobacteria that causes cutaneous infection. We describe a case of cutaneous infection in a 68-year-old...
Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow-growing, non-tuberculous mycobacteria that causes cutaneous infection. We describe a case of cutaneous infection in a 68-year-old Japanese man with polymyositis. This was caused by M. haemophilum harboring one base insertion in gene sequence. At first, the causal microorganism was misidentified as M. intracellulare by COBAS TaqMan MAI test. However, poor growth on Ogawa media and growth enhancement on 7H11C agar around a hemin-containing disk prompted us to reinvestigate the causal microorganisms, which were revealed to be M. haemophilum. Amplified polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced, and the 16S rRNA gene, rpoB, hsp65 and internal transcribed spacer region sequences showed a 100%, 100%, 99.66% and 99.7% match, respectively, with the corresponding regions of M. haemophilum, but it harbored a novel gene sequence in hsp65. The sequences determined by gene analysis of the M. haemophilum strain were deposited into the International Nucleotide Sequence Database. Although numerous cases of M. haemophilum infection have been reported in other countries, only six cases have been reported in Japan to date. It could be possible that this novel mutation lead to misdiagnosis. As M. haemophilum prefers a lower growth temperature (30-32°C) and it requires iron in the culture medium, M. haemophilum could be misidentified or overlooked. Accordingly, a M. haemophilum infection should be considered in cases of cutaneous infection of the body sites, of which surface temperature is low.
Topics: Aged; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Male; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Polymyositis; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 28771786
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13988 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2006Mycobacterium haemophilum is an emerging cutaneous and systemic pathogen in immunosuppressed adults. Reports in the pediatric literature prior to 2004, limited to...
Mycobacterium haemophilum is an emerging cutaneous and systemic pathogen in immunosuppressed adults. Reports in the pediatric literature prior to 2004, limited to immunocompetent children with lymphadenitis, offer a different clinical presentation from that of the immunosuppressed adult. We report an instance of this atypical mycobacterial infection occurring in an immunosuppressed boy with clinical findings similar to those described in immunosuppressed adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Mycophenolic Acid; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Tacrolimus
PubMed: 17014647
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00288.x -
The Journal of Dermatology Nov 2012
Review
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asian People; Humans; Japan; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 22414269
DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01533.x -
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2004Mycobacterium haemophilum has rarely been implicated in human disease. The organisms have been isolated mainly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)... (Review)
Review
Mycobacterium haemophilum has rarely been implicated in human disease. The organisms have been isolated mainly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or transplant recipients. We describe the first case of a disseminated M. haemophilum infection as initial manifestation of AIDS in Europe.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Humans; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Pneumonia, Bacterial
PubMed: 15525556
DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2003.10.001