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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2018
Topics: Humans; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Transplant Recipients
PubMed: 29279350
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00562-17 -
Infectious Diseases (London, England) Jul 2023is a nontuberculous mycobacterium with fastidious growth requirements and an increasingly reported cause of extrapulmonary disease. Timely diagnosis and management of...
BACKGROUND
is a nontuberculous mycobacterium with fastidious growth requirements and an increasingly reported cause of extrapulmonary disease. Timely diagnosis and management of infections and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS) observed in a subset of patients during treatment remain challenging.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective chart review between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2022 and identified 26 patients diagnosed with infection at our institution. We describe their clinical presentation, diagnostic results, management, and outcomes.
RESULTS
The majority of patients in our cohort had upper and/or lower extremity skin involvement, were immunosuppressed, and had generally favourable treatment outcomes. All tested isolates were susceptible to clarithromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, high rates of susceptibility were noted for ciprofloxacin (95%), linezolid (90%), and rifampin (85%). IRIS was identified in 31% of cases and should be considered in patients who develop worsening skin lesions or systemic symptoms following the initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy. Visualisation of acid-fast bacilli on initial tissue stains, a positive mycobacterial blood culture, and rapid de-escalation of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors and/or corticosteroids were more frequently encountered among patients in our cohort who developed IRIS.
CONCLUSION
infection should be considered among patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy who develop discoloured or nodular skin lesions involving the extremities, worsening focal arthritis, tenosynovitis, or isolated adenopathy. A heightened awareness of this pathogen's clinical and laboratory characteristics can lead to a timely diagnosis and favourable outcome.
Topics: Humans; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Mycobacterium Infections; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37151046
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2208210 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Apr 2007We report a case of primary cutaneous infection by Mycobacterium haemophilum after the bite of an aquarium fish in a severely immunodepressed AIDS patient. Clinical... (Review)
Review
We report a case of primary cutaneous infection by Mycobacterium haemophilum after the bite of an aquarium fish in a severely immunodepressed AIDS patient. Clinical features consisted in nodular and ulcerative lesions that followed a sporotrichoid pattern. Histological study of nodular lesions showed a granulomatous dermatitis with numerous acid-fast bacilli. The mycobacterium was identified 3 months later by genetic hybridization from a cultive in solid medium. Combined therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, clarithromycin, ethambutol, amikacin and ciprofloxacin resulted in complete resolution of the lesions. Infection by Mycobacterium haemophilum is a rare mycobacteriosis that usually affects immunodepressed patients. The most common clinical manifestations are cutaneous lesions but the development of sporotrichoid nodular lymphangitis is exceptional.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Arm; Arthritis, Infectious; Bites and Stings; Cichlids; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Finger Injuries; Granuloma; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leg; Male; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Skin Ulcer; Wound Infection
PubMed: 17504704
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2011We report the case of a 22-year-old man who presented with a Mycobacterium haemophilum and Histoplasma capsulatum coinfection occurring 21 years after a...
We report the case of a 22-year-old man who presented with a Mycobacterium haemophilum and Histoplasma capsulatum coinfection occurring 21 years after a living-donor-related renal transplant.
Topics: Biopsy; Histocytochemistry; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Microscopy; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Skin; Transplantation; Young Adult
PubMed: 21715588
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00521-11 -
Case Reports in Rheumatology 2014A 66-year-old woman presented with pustular lesions of her face, trunk, and limbs and an acute arthritis of the knees and elbows. She had a complex medical background...
A 66-year-old woman presented with pustular lesions of her face, trunk, and limbs and an acute arthritis of the knees and elbows. She had a complex medical background and had been on immunosuppressants for three years after a liver transplant. Tissue samples from her skin lesions and synovial fluid showed acid-fast bacilli. Mycobacterium haemophilum, an atypical mycobacteria, was later grown on culture. During her treatment with combination antibiotic therapy, she developed a pronounced generalised lymphadenopathy. Histology showed features of a diffuse B-cell lymphoma, a posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).
PubMed: 24523979
DOI: 10.1155/2014/742978 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2020
Topics: Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 31898640
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_736_17 -
Lupus 2002We describe a case of Mycobacterium haemophilum in an immunocompromised patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mycobacterium haemophilum is a recently...
We describe a case of Mycobacterium haemophilum in an immunocompromised patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mycobacterium haemophilum is a recently described pathogen which has not been previously described either in SLE patients or patients on Mycophenolate Mofetil. Mycobacterium haemophilum can be difficult to diagnose, as it may not have the granulomas characteristic of atypical mycobacterial infections. Combination therapy with at least two drugs for several months is required and the outcome depends on the patient's underlying immunocompromised state. Our report highlights the need for early diagnosis and treatment of Mycobacterium haemophilum in immunocompromised patients with SLE.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Clarithromycin; Cyclophosphamide; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Isoniazid; Leg; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Muscle, Skeletal; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Mycophenolic Acid; Rifampin
PubMed: 12043889
DOI: 10.1191/0961203302lu175cr -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Jul 2017The importance of mycobacteria as opportunistic pathogens, particularly members of the M. avium complex (MAC), in patients with progressive HIV infection was recognized... (Review)
Review
The importance of mycobacteria as opportunistic pathogens, particularly members of the M. avium complex (MAC), in patients with progressive HIV infection was recognized early in the AIDS epidemic. It took longer to appreciate the global impact and devastation that would result from the deadly synergy that exists between HIV and M. tuberculosis. This HIV/M. tuberculosis co-pandemic is ongoing and claiming millions of lives every year. In addition to MAC, a number of other non-tuberculous mycobacteria have been recognized as opportunistic pathogens in HIV-infected individuals; some of these are more commonly encountered (e.g., M. kansasii) than others (M. haemophilum and M. genevense). Finally, there are challenges to concomitantly treating the HIV and the infecting Mycobacterium species, because of antimicrobial resistance, therapeutic side-effects and the complex pharmacologic interactions of the antiretroviral and antimycobacterial multidrug therapy.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; HIV Infections; Humans; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections
PubMed: 28550962
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.006 -
Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie Mar 2023Mycobacterium haemophilum is a rare pathogen belonging to the group of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that can cause infections, especially in...
Mycobacterium haemophilum is a rare pathogen belonging to the group of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that can cause infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Detection by culturing is difficult because M. haemophilum only grows under special cultivation conditions. Therefore, it is believed that the pathogen is too rarely identified as a cause of disease overall. In addition to patients with severe immunodeficiency, e.g. due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), chemotherapy or immunosuppression after transplantation, patients with underlying rheumatic diseases are increasingly described in the literature, who are at risk due to the immunosuppressive treatment regimen. Clinically, ulcerative skin alterations, lymphadenopathy and arthropathy are in the foreground. In immunosuppressed patients with unclear skin lesions, infections due to M. haemophilum should be considered and specific microbiological diagnostics should be initiated.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium haemophilum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Skin Ulcer; Immunocompromised Host
PubMed: 34825949
DOI: 10.1007/s00393-021-01131-y -
Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1987The rate of isolation of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) has increased over the past several years; in some areas the isolation rate for... (Review)
Review
The rate of isolation of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) has increased over the past several years; in some areas the isolation rate for Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare has surpassed that for M. tuberculosis. Simultaneously, the spectrum of clinical manifestations with the various species has widened. Outbreaks of disease due to Mycobacterium chelonae have occurred in renal dialysis patients. New species have been described: Mycobacterium malmoense is primarily a pulmonary pathogen, and Mycobacterium haemophilum has been recovered from cutaneous lesions in immunosuppressed patients. In addition, reports of disease due to species generally considered saprophytic have become more numerous. In this review, the epidemiologic, pathologic, and clinical features of the individual MOTT species are discussed. A brief summary of mycobacteria isolated at the Cleveland Clinic foundation between 1982 and 1985 is also presented.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Humans; Lymphadenitis; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium avium; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Skin Ulcer; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 3296098
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/9.2.275