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Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PubMed: 36162015
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14890_g -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PubMed: 38309933
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.08.005 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2011
Review
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium marinum
PubMed: 22125046
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0204-6_17 -
Microbiology and Molecular Biology... Nov 2020Pathogenic mycobacteria cause chronic and acute diseases ranging from human tuberculosis (TB) to nontubercular infections. causes both acute and chronic human... (Review)
Review
Pathogenic mycobacteria cause chronic and acute diseases ranging from human tuberculosis (TB) to nontubercular infections. causes both acute and chronic human tuberculosis. Environmentally acquired nontubercular mycobacteria (NTM) cause chronic disease in humans and animals. Not surprisingly, NTM and often use shared molecular mechanisms to survive within the host. The ESX-1 system is a specialized secretion system that is essential for virulence and is functionally conserved between and is an NTM found in both salt water and freshwater that is often used to study mycobacterial virulence. Since the discovery of the secretion system in 2003, the use of both and has defined the conserved molecular mechanisms underlying protein secretion and the lytic and regulatory activities of the ESX-1 system. Here, we review the trajectory of the field, including key discoveries regarding the ESX-1 system. We highlight the contributions of studies and the conserved and unique aspects of the ESX-1 secretion system.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Models, Biological; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Protein Transport; Tuberculosis; Type VII Secretion Systems; Virulence
PubMed: 32878966
DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00082-19 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2018Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunistic pathogen inducing infection in fresh and marine water fish. This pathogen causes necrotizing granuloma like tuberculosis,... (Review)
Review
Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunistic pathogen inducing infection in fresh and marine water fish. This pathogen causes necrotizing granuloma like tuberculosis, morbidity and mortality in fish. The cell wall-associated lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosates, phenolic glycolipids and ESAT-6 secretion system 1 (ESX-1) are the conserved virulence determinant of the organism. Human infections with Mycobacterium marinum hypothetically are classified into four clinical categories (type I-type IV) and have been associated with the exposure of damaged skin to polluted water from fish pools or contacting objects contaminated with infected fish. Fish mycobacteriosis is clinically manifested and characterized in man by purple painless nodules, liable to develop into superficial crusting ulceration with scar formation. Early laboratory diagnosis of M. marinum including histopathology, culture and PCR is essential and critical as the clinical response to antibiotics requires months to be attained. The pathogenicity and virulence determinants of M. marinum need to be thoroughly and comprehensively investigated and understood. In spite of accumulating information on this pathogen, the different relevant data should be compared, connected and globally compiled. This article is reviewing the epidemiology, virulence factors, diagnosis and disease management in fish while casting light on the potential associated public health hazards.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium marinum; Water Microbiology; Zoonoses
PubMed: 29493404
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2018.1447171 -
PloS One 2020Phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) are a class of mycobacterial lipids that promote virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum. It has recently...
Phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) are a class of mycobacterial lipids that promote virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum. It has recently been shown that PDIMs work in concert with the M. tuberculosis Type VII secretion system ESX-1 to permeabilize the phagosomal membranes of infected macrophages. As the zebrafish-M. marinum model of infection has revealed the critical role of PDIM at the host-pathogen interface, we set to determine if PDIMs contributed to phagosomal permeabilization in M. marinum. Using an ΔmmpL7 mutant defective in PDIM transport, we find the PDIM-ESX-1 interaction to be conserved in an M. marinum macrophage infection model. However, we find PDIM and ESX-1 mutants differ in their degree of defect, with the PDIM mutant retaining more membrane damaging activity. Using an in vitro hemolysis assay-a common surrogate for cytolytic activity, we find that PDIM and ESX-1 differ in their contributions: the ESX-1 mutant loses hemolytic activity while PDIM retains it. Our observations confirm the involvement of PDIMs in phagosomal permeabilization in M. marinum infection and suggest that PDIM enhances the membrane disrupting activity of pathogenic mycobacteria and indicates that the role they play in damaging phagosomal and red blood cell membranes may differ.
Topics: Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Humans; Lipids; Macrophages; Mycobacterium marinum; Permeability; Phagosomes
PubMed: 32701962
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233252 -
Cellular Microbiology May 2008A thorough understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis in humans has been elusive in part because of imperfect surrogate laboratory hosts, each with its own... (Review)
Review
A thorough understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis in humans has been elusive in part because of imperfect surrogate laboratory hosts, each with its own idiosyncrasies. Mycobacterium marinum is the closest genetic relative of the M. tuberculosis complex and is a natural pathogen of ectotherms. In this review, we present evidence that the similar genetic programmes of M. marinum and M. tuberculosis and the corresponding host immune responses reveal a conserved skeleton of Mycobacterium host-pathogen interactions. While both species have made niche-specific refinements, an essential framework has persisted. We highlight genetic comparisons of the two organisms and studies of M. marinum in the developing zebrafish. By pairing M. marinum with the simplified immune system of zebrafish embryos, many of the defining mechanisms of mycobacterial pathogenesis can be distilled and investigated in a tractable host/pathogen pair.
Topics: Animals; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Zebrafish
PubMed: 18298637
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01133.x -
Microbes and Infection Dec 2004Mycobacterium marinum is being used increasingly as a model for understanding pathogenic mycobacteria. However, recently discovered differences between M. marinum and M.... (Review)
Review
Mycobacterium marinum is being used increasingly as a model for understanding pathogenic mycobacteria. However, recently discovered differences between M. marinum and M. tuberculosis suggest that adaptation to specialized niches is reflected in unique strategies of pathogenesis. This review emphasizes the areas in which studying M. marinum has made contributions to the understanding of tuberculosis, as well as the potential for using characteristics unique to M. marinum for understanding general issues of host-pathogen interactions.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Models, Biological; Mycobacterium marinum; Virulence
PubMed: 15596129
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.10.003 -
Dermatology Online Journal Oct 2008A 64-year-old man presented for evaluation of tender pustules that developed on his right hand and subsequently spread up his arms in a sporotrichoid manner. Owing to...
A 64-year-old man presented for evaluation of tender pustules that developed on his right hand and subsequently spread up his arms in a sporotrichoid manner. Owing to the prominent history of recent trauma followed by fish tank exposure, the patient was started on doxycycline for coverage of Mycobacterium marinum. Subsequent tissue culture grew M. marinum and confirmed the clinical diagnosis. M. marinum is an atypical mycobacteria that is ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. Owing to its optimal growth temperature of 25 to 35 degrees C, infections in humans are mostly restricted to the skin. Furthermore, the organism can spread by lymphatic drainage leading to the clinical appearance of sporotrichoid lesions. The preferred treatment for M. marinum is doxycycline, which was started in our patient and has subsequently improved his clinical condition.
Topics: Animals; Doxycycline; Fishes; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium marinum; Thumb; Water Microbiology; Wound Infection
PubMed: 19061606
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical... Oct 2006Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne mycobacterium that commonly infects fish and amphibians worldwide. Infection in humans occurs occasionally, in most cases as a... (Review)
Review
Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne mycobacterium that commonly infects fish and amphibians worldwide. Infection in humans occurs occasionally, in most cases as a granulomatous infection localized in the skin, typically following minor trauma on the hands. For this reason, infection is especially common among aquarium keepers. Such local infection may-though infrequently-spread to tendon sheaths or joints. Disseminated disease, which is rare, can occur in immunosuppressed patients. In order to obtain a definitive diagnosis, culture and histopathological examination of biopsies from skin or other tissues are recommended. Infections sometimes heal spontaneously, but drug treatment is usually necessary for several months in order to cure the infection. Doxycycline or clarithromycin is used most commonly, although in severe cases, a combination of rifampicin and ethambutol is recommended.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium marinum; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 17047903
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0201-4