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Infectious Diseases (London, England) Aug 2019infection has been identified in cases of paediatric cervical lymphadenitis but is less well defined in adults. To further characterize manifestations of disease and... (Review)
Review
infection has been identified in cases of paediatric cervical lymphadenitis but is less well defined in adults. To further characterize manifestations of disease and treatment approaches, we reviewed our medical centre's experience and other published reports. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients at our medical centre with a positive culture over a 15-year period. We compare our findings with those published in the literature to identify commonalities in disease presentations and treatment outcomes. We identified 17 patients in our centre with positive cultures, 10 of whom were diagnosed with clinical infection. The types of disease encountered included pulmonary and pleural infection (4), bone and joint infections with a foreign body (2), skin and soft tissue infection (2), brain abscess (1) and paediatric cervical adenitis (1). Structural lung disease was a common finding in cases of pulmonary infection. All adult patients except those with bone and joint infections had some type of immunomodulatory condition and/or structural lung disease. In seven patients, was isolated in urinary or respiratory cultures without signs of clinical disease. is a rare cause of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infection in humans but can infect any tissue. Adults with pulmonary disease often have underlying structural lung disease, and those with extrapulmonary disease commonly have immunosuppressive conditions or foreign body-associated infections. Treatment outcomes are generally favourable; however, in patients with pulmonary disease prognosis is more guarded.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Minnesota; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 31264491
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1634281 -
International Journal of... 2020Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is an environmental mycobacterial species rarely reported to cause disseminated infection in adults. We report the case of a disseminated M.... (Review)
Review
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is an environmental mycobacterial species rarely reported to cause disseminated infection in adults. We report the case of a disseminated M. scrofulaceum infection in a 55-year-old nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-infected Thai man with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies. The clinical signs of the infection improved after the induction regimen with amikacin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin, followed by the consolidation regimen with ethambutol, clarithromycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Our review of previous reported cases of this infection indicates its association with immune deficiency, complex treatment, and a high rate of unfavorable outcomes.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Autoantibodies; HIV Infections; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Sputum; Thailand; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32474495
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_182_19 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Sep 2016Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is a well-known pathogen associated with cervical lymphadenitis in children. However, pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease is a rare condition... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is a well-known pathogen associated with cervical lymphadenitis in children. However, pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease is a rare condition with unknown clinical features. The present study aimed to clarify the clinical features of pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease described in recent cases and reports.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of all adult patients with pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease at Keio University Hospital and the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Center Hospital between 2001 and 2011. We also conducted a review of the PubMed database to identify additional cases of pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease in adults.
RESULTS
Our study identified 8 cases of pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease at the 2 identified institutions during our study period. Most cases were diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly men with underlying pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, as well as those with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. In contrast, most previously reported cases identified through our literature review had a history of dust inhalation or underlying silicosis. Three of 8 cases at our institutions and 20 of 23 cases from the literature were treated with combination therapies.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that in the recent histories of our institutions, pulmonary M. scrofulaceum disease has mainly occurred in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases. We further conclude that combination therapies that include clarithromycin might yield better patient outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27406572
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.06.006 -
Monaldi Archives For Chest Disease =... Nov 2022A 57-year-old farmer presented with chronic cough and recurrent hemoptysis, previously treated for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Referred to us for evaluation...
A 57-year-old farmer presented with chronic cough and recurrent hemoptysis, previously treated for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Referred to us for evaluation of drug resistant tuberculosis as his sputum was persistently positive for acid fast bacilli along with radiological worsening even after 6 months of antitubercular treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done and he was diagnosed with a rare mixed non-tuberculous mycobacyteria (NTM) pulmonary infection despite no immune dysfunction. He was successfully treated with multidrug regimen of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and clarithromycin.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Mycobacterium; Antitubercular Agents; Ethambutol; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Pneumonia
PubMed: 36325918
DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2371 -
Clinics in Dermatology 1995
Review
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Skin Diseases, Infectious
PubMed: 8521370
DOI: 10.1016/0738-081x(95)00006-2 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Mar 1995Disseminated Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection has rarely been reported (only 8 cases to date), and no case of infection associated with AIDS has been reported in... (Review)
Review
Disseminated Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection has rarely been reported (only 8 cases to date), and no case of infection associated with AIDS has been reported in detail. We report a case of disseminated M. scrofulaceum infection in an AIDS patient that presented as chronic ulcerative and nodular skin lesions with probable cavitary lung involvement. We discuss reported cases of dissminated M. scrofulaceum infection and features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disease due to mycobacteria other than tuberculosis. Although our patient died before susceptibility testing could be completed, the M. scrofulaceum isolate was found to be susceptible to clarithromycin, ethambutol, and clofazimine. Physicians who evaluate skin lesions in HIV-infected persons should perform appropriate mycobacterial studies and search for disseminated disease. Drug susceptibility testing for mycobacteria other than tuberculosis is not yet standardized, but the broth dilution method, currently being studied in clinical trials of treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex, may be superior to older methods. After the possibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been excluded, physicians should consider administering initial empirical therapy with two or more drugs, including a newer macrolide, to AIDS patients with disseminated mycobacterial disease.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Adult; Cachexia; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Radiography; Skin Ulcer
PubMed: 7756474
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/20.3.549 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Mar 2020
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
PubMed: 31387749
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.06.005 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2017A 56-year-old woman, without any immunocompromising diseases, was referred to our hospital because of a recurrence of pyogenic spondylitis. Computed tomography revealed...
A 56-year-old woman, without any immunocompromising diseases, was referred to our hospital because of a recurrence of pyogenic spondylitis. Computed tomography revealed multiple osteolytic changes in the whole body. Vertebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis and spondylitis. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was detected in sputum cultures, in abscesses from the right knee, and in a subcutaneous forehead abscess. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with disseminated Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection. The patient was treated with rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin, which resulted in symptomatic relief and radiological improvement. We herein report a rare case of disseminated Mycobacterium scrofulaceum infection in an immunocompetent host.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Clarithromycin; Ethambutol; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Osteomyelitis; Rifampin
PubMed: 28717096
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8181 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 1997The purpose of this study was to identify Mycobacterium scrofulaceum reliably and rapidly and investigate diversity within the species. Fifty-four cultures were...
The purpose of this study was to identify Mycobacterium scrofulaceum reliably and rapidly and investigate diversity within the species. Fifty-four cultures were identified as Myco. scrofulaceum by preliminary cultural and biochemical tests, thin-layer chromatography and double diffusion. These strains were examined by PCR based on the 65 kDa heat stress protein gene, followed by restriction enzyme analysis of the product with BstEII and HaeIII. This produced seven groups, most with fewer fragments than had been reported previously. The technique was a rapid and reliable method for studying variation within Myco. scrofulaceum but alone, was unable to discriminate between some of these variants and other genetically similar species. When PCR-RFLP results were combined with biochemical tests, the major groups appeared to relate to different disease situations and thus, may have some epidemiological value.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Genetic Testing; Genetic Variation; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
PubMed: 9418021
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00272.x -
International Journal of... Mar 2015Representative strains of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (MAIS) grew at equal rates in laboratory medium at 21% (air)...
Representative strains of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (MAIS) grew at equal rates in laboratory medium at 21% (air) and 12% oxygen. Growth in 6% oxygen proceeded at a 1.4-1.8-fold lower rate. Colony formation was the same at 21% (air) and 6% oxygen. The MAIS strains survived rapid shifts from aerobic to anaerobic conditions as measured by two experimental approaches (Falkinham (1996) [1]). MAIS cells grown aerobically to log phase in broth were diluted, spread on agar medium, and incubated anaerobically for up to 20 days at 37°C. Although no colonies formed anaerobically, upon transfer to aerobic conditions, greater than 25% of the colony forming units (CFU) survived after 20 days of anaerobic incubation (Prince et al. (1989) [2]). MAIS cells grown in broth aerobically to log phase were sealed and vigorous agitation led to oxygen depletion (Wayne model). After 12 days anaerobic incubation, M. avium and M. scrofulaceum survival were high (>50%), while M. intracellulare survival was lower (22%). M. avium cells shifted to anaerobiosis in broth had increased levels of glycine dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase. Growth of MAIS strains at low oxygen levels and their survival following a rapid shift to anaerobiosis is consistent with their presence in environments with fluctuating oxygen levels.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Culture Media; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; Oxygen
PubMed: 26655194
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.11.066