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Annual Review of Medicine 1970
Review
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Pneumonia
PubMed: 4912474
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.me.21.020170.001143 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2009Recent studies have been conducted in Brazil using molecular techniques for the detection of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in several mammals. In domestic cats, Mycoplasma... (Review)
Review
Recent studies have been conducted in Brazil using molecular techniques for the detection of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in several mammals. In domestic cats, Mycoplasma haemofelis, "Candidatus M. haemominutum", and "Candidatus M. turicensis" infections have been identified. These species have also been found in free-ranging and captive neotropical felid species. Two canine hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma haemocanis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum", have been identified in dogs. In commercial swine populations, Mycoplasma suis was found to be highly prevalent, especially in sows. Moreover, novel mycoplasma species have been identified in Brazilian commercial pigs and domestic dogs. A hemoplasma infection in a human patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also recently documented. In conclusion, hemoplasma species are common and important infectious agents in Brazil. Further studies should be conducted to better understand their impact on pets, production animals, and wildlife fauna, as well as their role as zoonotic agents, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Brazil; Mycoplasma
PubMed: 19772768
DOI: 10.4322/rbpv.01803001 -
Cancer Science Apr 2004We aimed to determine whether mycoplasmas are present in Korean chronic gastritis, and to understand their roles in gastric cancer tumorigenesis, because mycoplasmas... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We aimed to determine whether mycoplasmas are present in Korean chronic gastritis, and to understand their roles in gastric cancer tumorigenesis, because mycoplasmas resemble Helicobacter pylori in terms of ammonia production and induction of inflammatory cytokines in immune and non-immune cells. The presence and identity of mycoplasmas were assessed by semi-nested PCR and sequencing, and the results were compared with pathologic data. Fifty-six samples collected from Korean chronic gastritis patients were used for this study. Twenty-three (41.1%) were positive for mycoplasmas. Eighteen sequenced samples contained a single human mycoplasma or two mycoplasmas, which were identified as Mycoplasma faucium (13/18), M. fermentans (3/18), M. orale (1/18), M. salivarium (2/18), and M. spermatophilum (1/18). Mycoplasma-infected chronic gastritis samples showed significantly more severe neutrophil infiltration than non-infected samples (P = 0.0135). Mycoplasma profiles in the oral cavity (M. salivarium is major) and stomach were different, and the presence of significant proinflammatory responses in mycoplasma-positive patients suggests that the mycoplasmas are not simply contaminants. Further studies are required to understand whether mycoplasmas play a role in gastric tumorigenesis.
Topics: Chronic Disease; DNA, Bacterial; Gastritis; Gastroscopy; Humans; Korea; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma fermentans; Mycoplasma salivarium; Organ Specificity; Pyloric Antrum; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 15072588
DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03208.x -
Journal of Bacteriology May 1977The gliding movements of freshly isolated Mycoplasma pulmonis cells were observed and measured. The motile cells had a characteristic appearance, an average speed of 0.4...
The gliding movements of freshly isolated Mycoplasma pulmonis cells were observed and measured. The motile cells had a characteristic appearance, an average speed of 0.4 to 0.7 micron/s, and a maximum speed of 1 micron/s.
Topics: Movement; Mycoplasma
PubMed: 263822
DOI: 10.1128/jb.130.2.937-938.1977 -
Molecular Biology Reports Dec 2018Mycoplasmas belong to the Mollicutes class and possess low GC content and lack a cell wall, and also simplified metabolic pathways. Due to its reduced metabolic ability...
Mycoplasmas belong to the Mollicutes class and possess low GC content and lack a cell wall, and also simplified metabolic pathways. Due to its reduced metabolic ability mycoplasmas are fastidious organisms growing with difficult under laboratory conditions. Its complex nutritional requirements render mycoplasmas to depend on external supplies of biosynthetic precursors. Aiming to develop and test defined media that could be used as a tool for Mycoplasma research, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis were cultivated in a complex medium supplemented with serum (Friis broth) and in four different defined media (YUS, YUSm, CMRL and CMRL+, that was developed in the present study). The cell concentration of both Mycoplasma species was assessed, by flow cytometry. Cellular viability was also analyzed in all defined media, indicating the presence of viable mycoplasma cells. All the defined media tested were able to maintain cell concentrations and viability and, amongst them, CMRL+ was the most suitable. For both Mycoplasma species, only the CMRL+ media showed similar cell density when compared to the complex medium. The transcriptional response of M. hyopneumoniae in CMRL+ broth was assessed by RT-qPCR, and the transcriptional profile of 18 genes in three cultures conditions (standard, heat shock and oxidative stress) was analyzed demonstrating gene expression regulation in response to the medium composition and to the culture conditions tested. The medium developed enables the definition of mycoplasmal nutritional requirements and metabolic pathways as well as genetic analysis.
Topics: Culture Media; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Mycoplasma hyorhinis; Species Specificity
PubMed: 30311127
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4413-3 -
Journal of Bacteriology Aug 2009Mycoplasmas that are known to exhibit gliding motility possess a differentiated tip structure. This polar organelle mediates cytadherence and gliding motor activity and...
Mycoplasmas that are known to exhibit gliding motility possess a differentiated tip structure. This polar organelle mediates cytadherence and gliding motor activity and contains a cytoskeleton-like component that provides structural support. Here, we describe gliding motility and a unique cytoskeleton in Mycoplasma insons, which lacks any obviously differentiated tip structure.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Cytoskeleton; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Mycoplasma
PubMed: 19525350
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00474-09 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Sep 1976The morphology of viable Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma orale types 1 and 2, and Mycoplasma salivarium was studied in broth cultures by... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The morphology of viable Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma orale types 1 and 2, and Mycoplasma salivarium was studied in broth cultures by interference microscopy and in thin sections by electron microscopy. Only spherical cells were seen by interference microscopy. M. hominis had a capsule-like outer layer. Except for M. orale type 1, mycoplasmas in thin sections were 0.3-1 mum in diameter, with a bounding trilaminar membrane 7.5-10 nm thick. The mycoplasmas contained DNA fibrils and randomly distributed ribosomes. No polyribosomes were seen. Dividing mycoplasmas elongated slightly; the membrane invaginated, forming one bud. Sometimes M. hominis and M. salivarium produced one bud by elongation, and the bud was attached by a tube. This method of division is not considered as characteristic but rather as due to centrifugal force separating unfixed cells during preparation for electron microscopy. Cross-septa were never observed. In thin sections M. orale type 1 was elongated and without buds, an observation which suggested that preparation for electron microscopy distorted the mycoplasmas.
Topics: Cell Division; Cell Membrane; DNA, Bacterial; Mycoplasma; Ribosomes
PubMed: 977994
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/134.3.224 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jul 2006Despite their small size and reduced genomes, many mycoplasma cells have complex structures involved in virulence. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has served as a model for the...
Despite their small size and reduced genomes, many mycoplasma cells have complex structures involved in virulence. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has served as a model for the study of virulence factors of a variety of mycoplasma species that cause disease in humans and animals. These cells feature an attachment organelle, which mediates cytadherence and gliding motility and is required for virulence. An essential component of the architecture of the attachment organelle is an internal detergent-insoluble structure, the electron-dense core. Little information is known regarding its underlying mechanisms. Mycoplasma amphoriforme, a close relative of both M. pneumoniae and the avian pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum, is a recently discovered organism associated with chronic bronchitis in immunosuppressed individuals. This work describes both the ultrastructure of M. amphoriforme strain A39(T) as visualized by scanning electron microscopy and the gliding motility characteristics of this organism on glass. Though externally resembling M. gallisepticum, M. amphoriforme cells were found to have a Triton X-100-insoluble structure similar to the M. pneumoniae electron-dense core but with different dimensions. M. amphoriforme also exhibited gliding motility using time-lapse microcinematography; its movement was slower than that of either M. pneumoniae or M. gallisepticum.
Topics: Humans; Movement; Mycoplasma; Virulence
PubMed: 16804191
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28905-0 -
APMIS : Acta Pathologica,... Oct 2001Oligonucleotide probes targeting 16S ribosomal RNA were designed for species-specific identification of the porcine mycoplasmas Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma...
In situ hybridisation for identification and differentiation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in formalin-fixed porcine tissue sections.
Oligonucleotide probes targeting 16S ribosomal RNA were designed for species-specific identification of the porcine mycoplasmas Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae using a fluorescent in situ hybridisation assay. The specificity of the probes was evaluated using pure cultures as well as porcine tissue sections with artificial presence of mycoplasma, and the probes were found specific for the target organisms. The assay was applied on sections of 28 tissue samples from pigs infected with one or more of the three Mycoplasma species as determined by cultivation. M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis were identified in accordance with cultivation in lung sections from nine pigs affected by catarrhal to purulent bronchopneumonia. Likewise, in eight cases of fibrinous pericarditis, M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae were the infectious agents according to cultivation and were correctly identified by in situ hybridisation. Out of 11 joints cultivation positive for M. hyosynoviae, the probe was only able to identify M. hyosynoviae in eight cases probably due to a low number of microorganisms in the tissue sections. The in situ hybridisation assay is well suited for use in diagnostic and experimental work as well as a tool for pathogenesis studies.
Topics: Animals; Formaldehyde; In Situ Hybridization; Mycoplasma; Oligonucleotide Probes; Organ Specificity; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ribotyping; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity; Swine; Tissue Fixation
PubMed: 11890568
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2001.d01-129.x -
Australian Veterinary Journal Jan 1975Nine strains of mycoplasmas were isolated from the lungs of 5 pigs with clinical signs of naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was isolated...
Nine strains of mycoplasmas were isolated from the lungs of 5 pigs with clinical signs of naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was isolated from the lungs of 1 pig and M. hyorhinis from the lungs of 4. An unidentified mycoplasma, which utilized arginine, grew rapidly in broth culture and produced centred colonies on solid medium, was isolated from the lungs of 4 pigs. The pathogenicity of the isolated strain of M. hyopneumoniae was determined by inoculation of pigs from an enzootic pneumonia-free herd. Enzootic pneumonia was produced in the lungs of all 5 pigs inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with broth cultures of the organism isolatied by limit dilution techniques. Enzootic pneumonia was produced in 3 of 6 pigs inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with M. hyopneumoniae purified by the passage of colonies on agar blocks. M. hyopneumoniae was isolated in pure culture from the lungs of all pigs with induced pneumonic lesions.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Lung; Mycoplasma; Pneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 1164268
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1975.tb14493.x