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BMC Women's Health Mar 2020Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition in reproductive-age women and is known to be positively associated with risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition in reproductive-age women and is known to be positively associated with risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STI) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging STI that has been linked to increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes and infertility. In the present study we sought to examine whether women diagnosed with symptomatic BV were at increased risk of having concurrent infection with Mycoplasma genitalium.
METHODS
We used a novel PCR-based assay (ResistancePlus MG; SpeeDx Pty. Ltd., Sydney, Australia) to determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and 23S rRNA macrolide-resistance mediating mutations (MRMM) in a cohort of 1532 women presenting with symptoms of vaginitis.
RESULTS
M. genitalium was detected in 4.0% (62/1532) of samples with 37.1% (23/62) harboring MRMMs. The prevalence of M. genitalium infection in subjects with BV was significantly higher than in subjects with non-BV vaginitis (7.0% v 3.6%; OR = 1.97 (95% CI: 1.14-3.39).
CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of M. genitalium infection is associated with BV in women with symptomatic vaginitis. Improved management of BV is needed as a component of STI prevention strategies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Female; Humans; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Young Adult
PubMed: 32216785
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-00926-6 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Sep 2018
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Infection Control; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Practice Guidelines as Topic; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30152364
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30506-1 -
Andrology Jan 2020Mycoplasma genitalium infection is significantly associated with an increased risk of male infertility. To date, few large M. genitalium studies have been conducted in...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma genitalium infection is significantly associated with an increased risk of male infertility. To date, few large M. genitalium studies have been conducted in China.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to estimate the M. genitalium incidence and treatment failure and to provide information regarding the resistance of M. genitalium to macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics among men of infertile couples in China.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was performed as a retrospective survey of seminal and meatus urinarius secreta specimens of 30,094 men of infertile couples collected and used for microbiological tests for the evaluation of genital tract infections (Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) between October 2016 and December 2017. Mycoplasma genitalium RNA was detected using novel simultaneous amplification testing. Macrolide and tetracycline resistance screening was introduced using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing.
RESULTS
The incidence of M. genitalium was 2.49% (749 of 30,094; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.31-2.66%). After antibiotic treatment, the mean values of semen parameters increased from those measured before treatment. The overall incidence of treatment failure was 17.56% (82/467; 95% CI, 14.10%-21.02%) (112-26-4 = 82), irrespective of the drug used. Resistance to macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics was detected in 58 samples (58/60, 96.67%; 95% CI, 91.99-101.34%) and 27 samples (27/60, 45.00%; 95% CI, 32.04-57.96%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the M. genitalium incidence was relatively low, the detection of macrolide antibiotic resistance in >96.67% of the treatment failure samples most likely explained the high azithromycin treatment failure rate (73/195, 37.44%) in our study. These findings indicate the need to provide resistance testing and to reappraise the recommended antimicrobial options in China.
Topics: Adult; China; Humans; Incidence; Infertility, Male; Macrolides; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Retrospective Studies; Semen Analysis; Tetracycline Resistance; Treatment Failure; Young Adult
PubMed: 31190451
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12646 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021and are two significant mycoplasmas that infect the urogenital and respiratory tracts of humans. Despite distinct tissue tropisms, they both have similar pathogenic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
and are two significant mycoplasmas that infect the urogenital and respiratory tracts of humans. Despite distinct tissue tropisms, they both have similar pathogenic mechanisms and infect/invade epithelial cells in the respective regions and persist within these cells. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of these species in terms of bacterium-host interactions are poorly understood. To gain insights on this, we infected HeLa cells independently with and and assessed gene expression by whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) approach. The results revealed that HeLa cells respond to and differently by regulating various protein-coding genes. Though there is a significant overlap between the genes regulated by these species, many of the differentially expressed genes were specific to each species. KEGG pathway and signaling network analyses revealed that the genes specific to are more related to cellular processes. In contrast, the genes specific to infection are correlated with immune response and inflammation, possibly suggesting that has some inherent ability to modulate host immune pathways.
Topics: Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Regulatory Networks; HeLa Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Protein Interaction Maps; RNA-Seq; Signal Transduction; Transcriptome; Exome Sequencing
PubMed: 34707609
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738431 -
Nature Communications Oct 2018Adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to target cells is a prerequisite for colonization and further infection. The main adhesins of the emerging sexually transmitted pathogen...
Adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to target cells is a prerequisite for colonization and further infection. The main adhesins of the emerging sexually transmitted pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium, P140 and P110, interact to form a Nap complex anchored to the cell membrane. Herein, we present the crystal structures of the extracellular region of the virulence factor P110 (916 residues) unliganded and in complex with sialic acid oligosaccharides. P110 interacts only with the neuraminic acid moiety of the oligosaccharides and experiments with human cells demonstrate that these interactions are essential for mycoplasma cytadherence. Additionally, structural information provides a deep insight of the P110 antigenic regions undergoing programmed variation to evade the host immune response. These results enlighten the interplay of M. genitalium with human target cells, offering new strategies to control mycoplasma infections.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Erythrocytes; Hemadsorption; Humans; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Potassium; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Receptors, Cell Surface; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30367053
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06963-y -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Jan 2016
Topics: Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Male; Mycoplasma genitalium; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 26813809
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.16.0038 -
Irish Journal of Medical Science Aug 2022Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI) with a capacity to rapidly develop antibiotic resistance. The aim of this work was to...
Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI) with a capacity to rapidly develop antibiotic resistance. The aim of this work was to carry out an evaluation and descriptive analysis of routine molecular testing of M. genitalium in symptomatic women at the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin January 2018-December 2019. 1972 specimens were tested from1291 individual symptomatic female patients > 18 years old. The median age was 29 (range 18-71). There were 10 confirmed positive specimens (0.77%); median patient age 26 (range 18-34); seven were obstetrics/gynaecology patients and three were attendees at a sexual assault treatment unit (SATU). The prevalence of positive cases in the ≥ 18 ≤ 30-year-old age group (n = 683) was six times that of the ≥ 30 year-old age group (n = 608) at 1.3% versus 0.2%. Patient symptoms included: discharge in five (50%); pelvic pain on examination in five (50%); abdominal pain in two (20%); pelvic bleeding in two (20%); dyspareunia in two (20%) patients. Co-infections were present in three patients (30%). Macrolide resistance was detected in two positives (28.6%). This initial pilot study prompts the following recommendations which require further study and consideration: 1. promotion of M. genitalium status to notifiable disease; 2 widespread screening of female population not warranted; 3. M. genitalium testing for women symptomatic for STIs; 4. antibiotic resistance testing of all positive cases. 5. Further research into other potential risk groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Macrolides; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Pilot Projects; Prevalence
PubMed: 34546502
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02782-1 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2015Mycoplasma genitalium is an etiological agent of sexually transmitted infections, but due to its fastidious growth requirements, only a few M. genitalium strains are... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasma genitalium is an etiological agent of sexually transmitted infections, but due to its fastidious growth requirements, only a few M. genitalium strains are available for determination of the activity of currently used and new antimicrobial agents.Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that treatment with azithromycin has decreasing efficacy due to an increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance, which is likely to be attributed to the widespread use of 1 g single dose azithromycin. Second line treatment with moxifloxacin is similarly under pressure from emerging resistance. The era of single dose monotherapy for uncomplicated STIs such as M. genitalium and N. gonorrhoeae, while convenient for patients and physicians, has been associated with escalating resistance and treatment failure and is now drawing to a close. There is a critical need for trials of combinations of existing registered drugs and new antimicrobial compounds, implementation of diagnostic testing combined with molecular detection of resistance, and antimicrobial surveillance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Moxifloxacin; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 26286546
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1041-6 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Aug 2017
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma genitalium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Prevalence; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 28701270
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30364-X -
Sexually Transmitted Infections Aug 2019is increasingly seen as an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen, and has been likened to , but its natural history is poorly understood. The objectives of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
is increasingly seen as an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen, and has been likened to , but its natural history is poorly understood. The objectives of this systematic review were to determine incidence, persistence, concordance between sexual partners and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
METHODS
We searched Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, IndMed and African Index Medicus from 1 January 1981 until 17 March 2018. Two independent researchers screened studies for inclusion and extracted data. We examined results in forest plots, assessed heterogeneity and conducted meta-analysis where appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed for all studies.
RESULTS
We screened 4634 records and included 18 studies; six (4201 women) reported on incidence, five (636 women) on persistence, 10 (1346 women and men) on concordance and three (5139 women) on PID. Incidence in women in two very highly developed countries was 1.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.61 to 1.53, I 0%). Median persistence of was estimated from one to three months in four studies but 15 months in one study. In 10 studies measuring infection status in couples, 39%-50% of male or female sexual partners of infected participants also had detected. In prospective studies, PID incidence was higher in women with than those without (risk ratio 1.73, 95% CI 0.92 to 3.28, I 0%, two studies).
DISCUSSION
Incidence of in very highly developed countries is similar to that for , but concordance might be lower. Taken together with other evidence about age distribution and antimicrobial resistance in the two infections, is not the new chlamydia. Synthesised data about prevalence, incidence and persistence of infection are inconsistent. These findings can be used for mathematical modelling to investigate the dynamics of .
REGISTRATION NUMBERS
CRD42015020420, CRD42015020405.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Young Adult
PubMed: 31055469
DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053823