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Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... 1983
Review
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Cold Temperature; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
PubMed: 6406723
DOI: No ID Found -
Israel Journal of Medical Sciences Oct 1984There have been three basic approaches to vaccine development: inactivated, live attenuated, and purified cell component vaccines. With rare exception, inactivated... (Review)
Review
There have been three basic approaches to vaccine development: inactivated, live attenuated, and purified cell component vaccines. With rare exception, inactivated vaccines have proved disappointing. Because men and animals recovering from naturally occurring diseases are resistant to rechallenge, the effectiveness of live vaccines was thought promising. However, the only live mycoplasma vaccine effective under field trial conditions is that prepared from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides for prevention of bovine pleuropneumonia. Because of this, investigators have searched for the active, protective antigens (immunogens) responsible for exciting the optimal immune parameters responsible for protection. Generally, the toxic and virulent components of the pathogen are the protective antigens, because the host must defend itself against these noxious, tissue-damaging components. The major virulence factors of M. pneumoniae are probably the attachment, ciliotoxic, mitogenic and possibly protease components. Preventing attachment may prevent disease; preventing tissue damage may reduce severity of disease. Although the metabolism inhibition antibodies inhibit growth, are opsonic and mycoplasmacidal, they are probably not involved in protection, but rather in resolution of disease. A protein extract containing attachment, ciliotoxic, mitogenic and peptidase activity was shown to protect hamsters from challenge with virulent M. pneumoniae when given first i.p. and then intratracheally. Because mycoplasma disease suppresses T-helper cells and causes nonspecific activation of B cells, future vaccines must be free of such activity. They must protect without stimulating untoward reactions or adverse immunologic responses.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Vaccines; Cell Membrane; Humans; Mutation; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Temperature; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated; Virulence
PubMed: 6439678
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2015Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) is highly prevalent in Asia and is now being reported from Europe. Few data on MRMP are available in the United States....
Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) is highly prevalent in Asia and is now being reported from Europe. Few data on MRMP are available in the United States. Using genotypic and phenotypic methods, we detected high-level MRMP in 13.2% of 91 M. pneumoniae--positive specimens from 6 US locations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Infant; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; United States
PubMed: 26196107
DOI: 10.3201/eid2108.150273 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2017We evaluated isolates obtained from children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection throughout Japan during 2008-2015. The highest prevalence of macrolide-resistant M....
We evaluated isolates obtained from children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection throughout Japan during 2008-2015. The highest prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae was 81.6% in 2012, followed by 59.3% in 2014 and 43.6% in 2015. The prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae among children in Japan has decreased.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Macrolides; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation Rate; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
PubMed: 28930026
DOI: 10.3201/eid2310.170106 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2014Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with CAP and find clinical, radiological and laboratory features helpful to diagnose Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Furthermore, we evaluated the value of serology, real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and culture for the accurate diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
METHODS
The study included 166 children aged between 1 and 15 years with radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Throat swab specimens were cultured and assessed by RT-PCR for the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were determined using ELISA in paired sera.
RESULTS
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was diagnosed in 14.5% CAP cases. Cough (p=0.029), headache (p=0.001) and wheezing (p=0.036) were more frequent in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia compared to children with pneumonia caused by other pathogens. Logistic regression analysis showed that headache (odds ratio [OR] =36.077, p=0.001) and wheezing (OR=5.681, p=0.003) were significantly associated with MP pneumonia. Neither radiological findings, nor common laboratory parameters distinguished Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with CAP. Using IgG serology in paired sera as the gold standard, we found that sensitivity of IgM serology, RT-PCR and culture was equal (81.82%), while specificity values were 100%, 98.6% and 100% respectively. We observed that combination of IgM detection in acute-phase serum and RT-PCR was positive for 91.7% of cases with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
CONCLUSIONS
There are no characteristic radiological findings, or routine laboratory tests that would distinguish CAP caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae from other CAP. It was found that clinical features such as headache and wheezing are indicative for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Furthermore, it was found that during the acute phase of disease, detection of IgM antibodies in combination with RT-PCR allows for precise and reliable diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Antibodies, Bacterial; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Community-Acquired Infections; DNA, Bacterial; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Serbia
PubMed: 25518734
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-014-0104-4 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jul 1985An avirulent strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated by broth passage failed to produce pneumonia in hamsters. The major biological property lost in this avirulent... (Review)
Review
An avirulent strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated by broth passage failed to produce pneumonia in hamsters. The major biological property lost in this avirulent strain is its ability to attach to the respiratory epithelium. Although the surface protein responsible for the specific attachment of virulent M. pneumoniae has been identified, protein analysis by gel electrophoresis has failed to produce evidence that could account for the loss of virulence in the avirulent strain. It is possible that the binding sites of the avirulent strain have been altered by mutational event(s) without affecting the molecular weight or electrophoretic mobility of this protein. Antigenic determinant analysis of the membrane proteins by the use of monoclonal antibodies is suggested as a relevant approach, which may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of attachment.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Proteins; Cricetinae; Epithelium; Epitopes; Hemadsorption; Membrane Proteins; Movement; Mutation; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Trachea; Virulence
PubMed: 2411465
DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(85)90006-9 -
European Journal of Clinical... Feb 2020The aim of this study was to assess which Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes were present in Moscow during the years 2015-2018 and whether the proportion between detected...
The aim of this study was to assess which Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes were present in Moscow during the years 2015-2018 and whether the proportion between detected genotypes changed over time. We were also interested in the presence of macrolide resistance (MR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae. We performed multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA), SNP typing, and mutation typing in the 23S rRNA gene from 117 M. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Our analysis suggests two major MLVA types: 4572 and 3562. In 2017-2018, MLVA type 4572 gradually became predominant. In general, the SNP type range is the same as described earlier for European countries. The analysis of MR mutations showed that 7% of the isolates had an A2063G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene with no isolates carrying an A2064G mutation. In 2017-2018, MLVA type 4572 (SNP type 1) begins to spread in Moscow, which was widespread globally, especially in Asian countries. SNP typing of our sample showed higher discriminatory power than MLVA typing.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; History, 21st Century; Humans; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moscow; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Public Health Surveillance; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
PubMed: 31655931
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03717-6 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Feb 2016
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; History, 21st Century; Humans; Microsatellite Repeats; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Russia
PubMed: 26812125
DOI: 10.3201/eid2202.151349 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Nov 2019is regarded as the important infectious agent of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in the world. However, there is little knowledge about the prevalence of in Iran.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
is regarded as the important infectious agent of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in the world. However, there is little knowledge about the prevalence of in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of in Iran through a meta-analysis of included studies. A systematic search was done by using electronic databases from papers that were published by Iranian authors to the end of February 2019. Then, 12 publications, which met our inclusion criteria, were enrolled for data extraction and analysis by using the 'metaprop program' in stata version 14.0. The pooled prevalence of was 9 % (95 % confidence intervals: 5-16 %) ranging from 1 to 26 %. There was a significant heterogeneity among the 12 studies (X=128.29; <0.001; =91.43 %). The funnel plot for publication bias showed no evidence of asymmetry. The frequency of in Iran is comparable with other parts of the world. Although the overall prevalence of was low, awareness about the distribution of these agent is very important because of higher infection rates in susceptible groups. In addition, these results showed the rates of had variation based on location, type of infection and sample, gender and detection rate and there was evidence of publication bias.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Prevalence; Respiratory Tract Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 31524582
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001079 -
Pediatrics International : Official... Apr 2015The appropriate choice of antibiotics against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has become difficult, as the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has increased.
BACKGROUND
The appropriate choice of antibiotics against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has become difficult, as the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has increased.
METHODS
Throat swab specimens were collected from children with clinically suspected M. pneumoniae infection while visiting an outpatient clinic. Cultures for M. pneumoniae were done, and all isolates were sequenced for the presence of a mutation in 23S rRNA.
RESULTS
Of the 80 specimens collected between February 2012 and March 2013, 27 (34%) were positive for M. pneumoniae on culture. Macrolide-resistant mutation was detected in 24 isolates (89%): 23 isolates had an A2063G transition, and one had a C2617G mutation. Both the median age and the prevalence of pneumonia were significantly higher in M. pneumoniae-positive than in M. pneumoniae-negative children (median, 7 years vs 4 years; 88.9% vs 60.4%, respectively). The percentage of serum samples with particle agglutination titer ≥ 1:160 was 69.6% in M. pneumoniae-positive cases and 17.6% in M. pneumoniae-negative cases when the serum was collected ≥ 4 days after the onset of fever. Defervescence within 72 h after the initiation of macrolides never occurred in M. pneumoniae-positive children and also did not occur in 54% of M. pneumoniae-negative children. Switching to either minocycline or tosufloxacin resulted in fever resolution within 48 h in M. pneumoniae-positive children.
CONCLUSIONS
The described clinical and laboratory characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection may be useful in guiding appropriate treatment in an outpatient clinic.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Infant; Macrolides; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence
PubMed: 25265270
DOI: 10.1111/ped.12513