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Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Dec 2022Hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is a rare post-transplant complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its incidence appears to be higher in lung transplant... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) is a rare post-transplant complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its incidence appears to be higher in lung transplant recipients and its pathophysiology is not well understood. In addition to underlying metabolic abnormalities, it is postulated that HS may be associated with Ureaplasma or Mycoplasma spp. lung infections. Management of this condition is not standardized and may include preemptive antimicrobials, renal replacement, nitrogen scavenging, and bowel decontamination therapies, as well as dietary modifications.
METHODS
In this case series, we describe seven HS cases, five of whom had metabolic deficiencies ruled out. In addition, a literature review was performed by searching PubMed following PRISMA-P guidelines. Articles containing the terms "hyperammonemia" and "lung" were reviewed from 1 January 1997 to 31 October 2021.
RESULTS
All HS cases described in our center had positive airway samples for Mycoplasmataceae, neurologic abnormalities and high ammonia levels post-transplant. Mortality in our group (57%) was similar to that published in previous cases. The literature review supported that HS is an early complication post-transplant, associated with Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis infections and of worse prognosis in patients presenting cerebral edema and seizures.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the need for rapid testing for Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis after lung transplant, as well as the necessity for future studies to explore potential therapies that may improve outcomes in these patients.
Topics: Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Lung Transplantation; Hyperammonemia; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 36039822
DOI: 10.1111/tid.13940 -
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science... 2020Capture bioprocessing unit operations were previously shown to clear or kill several log of a model mycoplasma in lab-scale spike/removal studies. Here, we confirm this...
Capture bioprocessing unit operations were previously shown to clear or kill several log of a model mycoplasma in lab-scale spike/removal studies. Here, we confirm this observation with two additional mollicute species relevant to biotechnology products for human use: and Clearance of and from protein A column purification was similar to that seen with , though some between cycle carryover was evident, especially for However, on-resin growth studies for all three species revealed that residual mycoplasma in a column slowly die off over time rather than expanding further. Solvent/detergent exposure completely inactivated though detectable levels of remained. A small-scale model of a commercial low-pH hold step did inactivate live , but this inactivation required a lower pH set point and occurred with slower kinetics than previously seen with Additionally, ultraviolet-C irradiation was shown to be effective for and inactivation whereas virus-retentive filters for upstream and downstream processes, as expected, cleared These data argue that and overall would be largely cleared by early bioprocessing steps as shown previously for and that barrier technologies can effectively reduce the risk from media components. For some unit operations, and may be hardier, and require more stringent processing or equipment cleaning conditions to assure effective mycoplasma reduction. By exploring how some of the failure modes in commercial antibody manufacturing processes can still eliminate mycoplasma burden, we demonstrate that required best practices assure biotechnology products will be safe for patients.
Topics: Animals; CHO Cells; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Coculture Techniques; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Contamination; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma orale
PubMed: 31519782
DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2018.009613 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2009Recent studies have been conducted in Brazil using molecular techniques for the detection of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in several mammals. In domestic cats, Mycoplasma... (Review)
Review
Recent studies have been conducted in Brazil using molecular techniques for the detection of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in several mammals. In domestic cats, Mycoplasma haemofelis, "Candidatus M. haemominutum", and "Candidatus M. turicensis" infections have been identified. These species have also been found in free-ranging and captive neotropical felid species. Two canine hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma haemocanis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum", have been identified in dogs. In commercial swine populations, Mycoplasma suis was found to be highly prevalent, especially in sows. Moreover, novel mycoplasma species have been identified in Brazilian commercial pigs and domestic dogs. A hemoplasma infection in a human patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also recently documented. In conclusion, hemoplasma species are common and important infectious agents in Brazil. Further studies should be conducted to better understand their impact on pets, production animals, and wildlife fauna, as well as their role as zoonotic agents, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Brazil; Mycoplasma
PubMed: 19772768
DOI: 10.4322/rbpv.01803001 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jul 1985An avirulent strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated by broth passage failed to produce pneumonia in hamsters. The major biological property lost in this avirulent... (Review)
Review
An avirulent strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated by broth passage failed to produce pneumonia in hamsters. The major biological property lost in this avirulent strain is its ability to attach to the respiratory epithelium. Although the surface protein responsible for the specific attachment of virulent M. pneumoniae has been identified, protein analysis by gel electrophoresis has failed to produce evidence that could account for the loss of virulence in the avirulent strain. It is possible that the binding sites of the avirulent strain have been altered by mutational event(s) without affecting the molecular weight or electrophoretic mobility of this protein. Antigenic determinant analysis of the membrane proteins by the use of monoclonal antibodies is suggested as a relevant approach, which may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of attachment.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Proteins; Cricetinae; Epithelium; Epitopes; Hemadsorption; Membrane Proteins; Movement; Mutation; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Trachea; Virulence
PubMed: 2411465
DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(85)90006-9 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 1998
Review
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Mycoplasma
PubMed: 9711657
DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-525-5:217 -
American Journal of Perinatology Aug 2019To explore whether the effect of azithromycin (AZI) on postcesarean infections varied by the presence/absence of genital mycoplasmataceae placental colonization. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To explore whether the effect of azithromycin (AZI) on postcesarean infections varied by the presence/absence of genital mycoplasmataceae placental colonization.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a single-center substudy of multicenter double-blind C/SOAP (Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis) trial of women randomized to AZI or placebo (+cefazolin) antibiotic prophylaxis at cesarean. Chorioamnion/placenta specimens were tested for genital mycoplasmataceae colonization by polymerase chain reaction. Primary outcome was a composite of endometritis, wound infection, or other infections up to 6 weeks postpartum. Analysis was intent-to-treat; logistic regression was used to evaluate interactions between treatment assignment (AZI/placebo) and the presence/absence of mycoplasmataceae and to quantify effects of AZI in analyses stratified by the presence/absence of these microorganisms.
RESULTS
Specimens from 613 women (303 AZI and 310 placebo) were evaluated. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, and approximately 1/3 (30.3%) had mycoplasmataceae placental/chorioamnion colonization. There was no evidence of effect modification ( = 0.79) between treatment assignment and the presence/absence of organisms. Stratified analyses showed fewer events in the AZI group in the presence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17-1.01) and absence (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24-1) of mycoplasmataceae. Results were similar with endometritis/wound infections and with ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas considered separately.
CONCLUSION
The reduction in postcesarean infection with AZI does not vary based on the presence or absence of genital mycoplasmataceae placental colonization.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Azithromycin; Cesarean Section; Endometritis; Female; Humans; Mycoplasma; Placenta; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 30500967
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675766 -
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics :... Sep 2012Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species are well-known human pathogens responsible for a broad array of inflammatory conditions involving the respiratory and urogenital tracts... (Review)
Review
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species are well-known human pathogens responsible for a broad array of inflammatory conditions involving the respiratory and urogenital tracts of neonates, children, and adults. Greater attention is being given to these organisms in diagnostic microbiology, largely as a result of improved methods for their laboratory detection, made possible by powerful molecular-based techniques that can be used for primary detection in clinical specimens. For slow-growing species, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium, molecular-based detection is the only practical means for rapid microbiological diagnosis. Most molecular-based methods used for detection and characterization of conventional bacteria have been applied to these organisms. A complete genome sequence is available for one or more strains of all of the important human pathogens in the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma genera. Information gained from genome analyses and improvements in efficiency of DNA sequencing are expected to significantly advance the field of molecular detection and genotyping during the next few years. This review provides a summary and critical review of methods suitable for detection and characterization of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas of humans, with emphasis on molecular genotypic techniques.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 22819362
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.06.001 -
Arthritis and Rheumatism Aug 1964
Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Reactive; Humans; Joint Diseases; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasmataceae; Pathology
PubMed: 14202582
DOI: 10.1002/art.1780070410 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Oct 1998The rapid progress in sequencing large quantities of DNA will provide an increasing number of complete genome sequences of closely related bacterial species as well as... (Review)
Review
The rapid progress in sequencing large quantities of DNA will provide an increasing number of complete genome sequences of closely related bacterial species as well as of pairs of isolates from the same species with different features, such as a pathogenic and an apathogenic representative. This opens the way to apply subtractive comparative analysis as a tool to select from the large pool of all bacterial genes a relatively small set of genes that can be correlated with the expression of a certain phenotype. These selected genes can then be the target for further functional analyses.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 10066529
DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80091-x -
International Journal of Medical... Mar 2000Despite their very small genomes mycoplasmas are successful pathogens of man and a wide range of animal hosts. Because of the lack of effective therapeutics and... (Review)
Review
Despite their very small genomes mycoplasmas are successful pathogens of man and a wide range of animal hosts. Because of the lack of effective therapeutics and vaccines, mycoplasma diseases continue to be a significant problem for public health as well as livestock production with major socio-economic consequences worldwide. Recent outbreaks and epidemiological studies predict that the incidence of human and animal mycoplasma diseases might increase which indicates the urgent need to develop new approaches for prevention and therapy. Development of such reagents, however, requires a solid understanding of the molecular biology of mycoplasma infections. Knowledge in this field has considerably increased during the past decade since new techniques have been developed and adapted to mycoplasmas that allow these organisms to be studied at the molecular level. Research on the two human pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium of which the genome sequences have recently been completed as well as the substantial number of studies carried out on the AIDS-associated mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma fermentans, has led the way, but a number of animal mycoplasmas are becoming increasingly appreciated as models for the study of the molecular basis of mycoplasma diseases. This review summarizes and highlights some of the recent findings concerning the molecular interactions that occur between pathogenic mycoplasmas and their hosts, both the common strategies as well as some unique approaches evolved by particular mycoplasma pathogens, including adherence to and uptake into non-phagocytic host cells, as well as mechanisms of escaping the host immune system.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 11043978
DOI: 10.1016/S1438-4221(00)80099-5