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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Mar 2023Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in tropical and subtropical Asia and is caused by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Approximately 17,300 cases of... (Review)
Review
Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in tropical and subtropical Asia and is caused by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Approximately 17,300 cases of T. marneffei infection are diagnosed annually, and the reported mortality rate is extremely high (~1/3). Despite the devastating impact of talaromycosis on immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-positive persons, and the increase in reported occurrences in HIV-uninfected persons, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for talaromycosis have received far too little attention worldwide. In 2021, scientists living in countries where talaromycosis is endemic raised a global demand for it to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease. Therefore, and the infectious disease induced by this fungus must be treated with concern. is a thermally dimorphic saprophytic fungus with a complicated mycological growth process that may produce various cell types in its life cycle, including conidia, hyphae, and yeast, all of which are associated with its pathogenicity. However, understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of has been limited until recently. To achieve a holistic view of and talaromycosis, the current knowledge about talaromycosis and research breakthroughs regarding growth biology are discussed in this review, along with the interaction of the fungus with environmental stimuli and the host immune response to fungal infection. Importantly, the future research directions required for understanding this serious infection and its causative pathogenic fungus are also emphasized to identify solutions that will alleviate the suffering of susceptible individuals worldwide.
Topics: Humans; Mycoses; Talaromyces; Virulence
PubMed: 36648228
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00051-22 -
Vestnik Otorinolaringologii 2023In the structure of morbidity and mortality has significantly increased the role of mycoses. The increase in their spread is due not only to the improvement of the... (Review)
Review
In the structure of morbidity and mortality has significantly increased the role of mycoses. The increase in their spread is due not only to the improvement of the quality of diagnosis, but also the emergence of new strains resistant to previously used antifungal drugs, a significant change in the immune status of the population. In addition to environmental factors, it is important to introduce modern methods of treatment that increase survival in the whole spectrum of diseases. This situation can't affect the structure of diseases of ENT organs: the number of mycoses has increased significantly in recent decades. The issues of diagnosis and treatment of mycoses of the paranasal sinuses continue to be an urgent problem of otorhinolaryngology. The reason for this is a number of difficulties associated with the diagnosis: the absence of specific symptoms of the disease, the possible secondary nature of the attachment of fungal infection against the background of bacterial lesions, transient carrier of infection, technical difficulties and errors in the study of biomaterial with insufficient standardization of microbiological methods. Our report is devoted to the clinical case of aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus and a review of the literature on this issue, which in our opinion can be very interesting to the medical community.
Topics: Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Mycoses; Antifungal Agents; Otolaryngology; Paranasal Sinus Diseases
PubMed: 37450396
DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228803178 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2023As current trend for physician tools, ChatGPT can sift through massive amounts of information and solve problems through easy-to-understand conversations, ultimately...
As current trend for physician tools, ChatGPT can sift through massive amounts of information and solve problems through easy-to-understand conversations, ultimately improving efficiency. Mycosis is currently facing great challenges, including high fungal burdens, high mortality, limited choice of antifungal drugs and increasing drug resistance. To address these challenges, We asked ChatGPT for fungal infection scenario-based questions and assessed its appropriateness, consistency, and potential pitfalls. We concluded ChatGPT can provide compelling responses to most prompts, including diagnosis, recommendations for examination, treatment and rational drug use. Moreover, we summarized exciting future applications in mycosis, such as clinical work, scientific research, education and healthcare. However, the largest barriers to implementation are deficits in indiviudal advice, timely literature updates, consistency, accuracy and data safety. To fully embrace the opportunity, we need to address these barriers and manage the risks. We expect that ChatGPT will become a new weapon in in the battlefield of mycosis.
Topics: Humans; Mycoses; Antifungal Agents; Communication; Educational Status; Health Facilities
PubMed: 37891532
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08724-9 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 2020
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 35345202
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2307_19 -
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi Oct 2023Influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 are independent risk factors for the development of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in critically ill patients in the intensive care... (Review)
Review
Influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 are independent risk factors for the development of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. IFD, particularly mold infections, have a high mortality rate. The diagnosis and treatment of mold infections is challenging, and early detection and timely treatment are crucial in reducing the mortality of IFD. This review will summarize the latest epidemiology and risk factors for the development of mold infections in critically ill patients, current diagnostic criteria and challenges, as well as the treatment strategies recommended by the international clinical guidelines, aiming to provide some references for the diagnosis and treatment of mold infections in critically ill patients in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Critical Illness; Mycoses; Risk Factors; Intensive Care Units; Early Diagnosis
PubMed: 37840178
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230616-01024 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2001Kidney transplantation therapy can be divided into two periods: the induction periods during which immunosuppressants are aggressively administered, and the maintenance... (Review)
Review
Kidney transplantation therapy can be divided into two periods: the induction periods during which immunosuppressants are aggressively administered, and the maintenance periods during which treatment is continued at a maintenance dosage. During the induction periods, which usually lasts for several months after surgery, the host defense mechanism in the patient is so profoundly impaired that major infections, including deep-seated mycosis, occur in most cases. The incidence of mycosis as a result of superinfection was quite high in the l960s and l970s, when steroids and antimetabolites were the mainstay immunosuppressants, and antibacterial agents were used without any specific purpose for fear of post-transplantation infections. The new calcineurin inhibitor ciclosporin was developed around 1980 and has since become the primary immunosuppressant used to prevent graft dysfunction after transplantation. As a result of its advent, use of steroids and antimetabolites has declined. Later studies have shown that ciclosporin selectively inhibits lymphocytes and provides more information on the pattern of bacterial infections after transplantation, making it possible to optimize the use of antibacterial agents. As a result, the incidence of bacterial infections and mycosis has dramatically declined. Candida and Aspergillus are most frequently detected in post-transplantation mycosis. But Cryptococcus is also occasionally seen. Antifungal agents such as flucytosine (5-FC) and ketoconazole are effective for deep-seated mycosis such as pulmonary infections which, occurring at a relatively early stage after transplantation, threaten a patients life. However, the coadministration of ketoconazole must be carefully done because it increases blood concentrations of calcineurin inhibitors such as ciclosporin and tacrolimus by inhibiting the production of cytochrome P-450. Amphotericin B, which is effective but is associated with nephrotoxicity, is usually used in a mouthwash or inhalation therapy. Dermatomycosis such as tinea versicolor due to fragility of the skin structure is not necessarily rare even in patients with a quasi-normal host defense mechanism and good renal function at a late stage in the maintenance phase. This paper outlines change in post-transplantation mycosis in recent years and presents some case reports.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Carrier Proteins; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 11704745
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.42.201 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2003The incidence of animal mycosis, especially sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis and other opportunistic fungal infections, has recently increased in Japan. It may partly due... (Review)
Review
The incidence of animal mycosis, especially sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis and other opportunistic fungal infections, has recently increased in Japan. It may partly due to changes in the environments of human and animal life and the more intimate relation between humans and animals. Exotic animals such as hamster, guinea pig and rabbit have become a popular source of human dermatophytosis and some were imported from foreign countries followed by the emergence of fungal pathogens. Moreover, the number of cases of opportunistic deep mycotic infections have increased among old companion animals with the progress in veterinary medicine of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and prevention. Therefore, the interrelation and cooperation of medical and veterinary doctors and all other scientists involved is required to prevent human and animal mycoses.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Mycoses; Rabbits; Zoonoses
PubMed: 14615785
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.44.235 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Apr 1996Persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are prone to the development of many fungal diseases. Normal hosts with intact immunity usually recover from... (Review)
Review
Persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are prone to the development of many fungal diseases. Normal hosts with intact immunity usually recover from infection by these less-invasive fungi. In persons with compromised T-cell-mediated immunity, however, widespread dissemination from a pulmonary focus occurs. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of the three major North American mycoses, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis. In most cases, amphotericin B is the initial drug of choice, followed by one of the azoles for lifelong maintenance therapy.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Blastomycosis; Coccidioidomycosis; HIV-1; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 8732733
DOI: No ID Found -
Medical Mycology Journal 2013
Review
Topics: DNA, Fungal; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycoses; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
PubMed: 24292134
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.54.329 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2013
Review
Topics: Animals; Dipodascus; Humans; Malassezia; Mycoses; Rhodotorula; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 23470950
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.54.11