-
Medecine Tropicale : Revue Du Corps de... 2000Systemic tropical mycoses have been emerging since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. The incidence of these infections is probably even underestimated since most cases... (Review)
Review
Systemic tropical mycoses have been emerging since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. The incidence of these infections is probably even underestimated since most cases occur in populations with poor access to medical care in regions where modern diagnostic methods are unavailable. In Europe, this pathology is sometimes observed in returning travelers, aid workers, and immigrants. Differential diagnosis of imported systemic tropical mycosis may be difficult for uniformed physicians. The purpose of this review of the literature is to provide up-to-date epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data on the six main systemic tropical mycoses with disseminated forms. The six mycoses described in this study are histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, sporotrichosis, and penicilliosis due to Penicillium marneffei. Strictly superficial and subcutaneous mycoses are not covered.
Topics: Blastomycosis; Coccidioidomycosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Mycoses; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Penicillium; Sporotrichosis; Travel; Tropical Climate
PubMed: 11258065
DOI: No ID Found -
Australian Veterinary Journal Jun 1986
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Coturnix; Ducks; Mycoses; Poultry Diseases; Quail; Turkeys
PubMed: 3767802
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02977.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2004Fungemia is associated with a high mortality rate. We compared the performance of the Mycosis IC/F selective fungal medium and the Plus Aerobic/F standard... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Fungemia is associated with a high mortality rate. We compared the performance of the Mycosis IC/F selective fungal medium and the Plus Aerobic/F standard bacteriological medium for the diagnosis of fungemia on the Bactec 9240 automatic system. We retrospectively analyzed 550 blood culture pairs composed of one Mycosis IC/F vial and one Plus Aerobic/F vial, drawn in 187 patients with fungemia. The positivity rate by vial was significantly higher on Mycosis IC/F medium than on Plus Aerobic/F medium (88.0% versus 74.9%, P < 0.0001). The positivity rate for fungus detection on Plus Aerobic/F medium fell to 26.9% when bacteria were present in the same vial. The positivity rate by patient was also significantly higher on Mycosis IC/F medium than on Plus Aerobic/F medium (92.5% versus 75.9%, P < 0.0001). A marked superiority of Mycosis IC/F medium was demonstrated for diagnosis of Candida glabrata fungemia (31 of 31, 100%, versus 18 of 31, 58.1%, P < 0.0001). The mean detection time was significantly shorter on Mycosis IC/F medium than on Plus Aerobic/F medium (28.9 +/- 22.2 h versus 36.5 +/- 24.6 h, P < 0.0001). The mean time saving was 8.8 h for Candida albicans and 43.7 h for C. glabrata. Mycosis IC/F medium enabled more sensitive and earlier diagnosis, particularly for the two strains most frequently responsible for fungemia, C. albicans and C. glabrata, and also in the event of the concomitant presence of both yeasts and bacteria. In patients with risk factors, it would thus appear to be sensible to draw a Mycosis IC/F vial in addition to the standard bacteriological vials.
Topics: Candida; Candidiasis; France; Fungemia; Humans; Mycology; Mycoses; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 14766852
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.2.773-777.2004 -
Neuropathology : Official Journal of... Jun 2010This study focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis and outcome of all cases of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections in a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis and outcome of all cases of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections in a tertiary center. Medical records of 18 patients of culture-proven CNS fungal infections were retrospectively reviewed from 2000 to 2007, including 12 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and seven from tissue biopsy. Patient demographic data included 10 males and eight females. The mean age was 55 years (range: 24-89 years). All but one patient were immunocompromised. Fungal organisms isolated from CSF included: Cryptococcous neoformans (8 patients), Coccidioides immitis (3 patients), and Aspergillus versicolor (1 patient). Histopathology of seven biopsy cases revealed groups of pigmented golden-brown fungal forms in three cases; three cases showed septate fungi, two of which had melanin in their walls; and one case showed multiple round spherules. These cases on microbiological cultures grew Coccidioides immitis (1 patient), Aspergillus fumigatus (1 patient), Cladophialophora bantiana (2 patients), Fonsecaea monophora (1 patient) and Scedosporium apiospermum (2 patients). Five of the seven fungal organisms isolated from tissue biopsies were dematiaceous fungi. Twelve patients died after a period of a few weeks to months, two were lost to follow-up, and four are alive with severe neurological sequelae. CNS fungal infections in our cohort were more common in patients post-transplant and with hematologic malignancies. In our series, rare dematiaceous fungi are emerging agents for cerebral mycosis. The outcome of CNS fungal infections is poor despite vigorous antifungal therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 19845862
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2009.01067.x -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Oct 1993Invasive fungal infections have emerged as major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly granulocytopenic and HIV-infected hosts.... (Review)
Review
Invasive fungal infections have emerged as major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly granulocytopenic and HIV-infected hosts. Diagnosis and treatment of these infections is determined by the type of fungus and the sites of infection. While Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. are the most common causes of fungal infection in granulocytopenic patients, less common pathogens are emerging as new challenges. This article summarizes current approaches used in the National Cancer Institute's Pediatric Branch for management of invasive fungal infections.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Candidiasis; Cytokines; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mycoses; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 8226563
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Microbiology Dec 2012The aim of the examination was to gain knowledge on the incidence of Chamaeleomyces granulomatis mycosis in Veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), a disease which...
The aim of the examination was to gain knowledge on the incidence of Chamaeleomyces granulomatis mycosis in Veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), a disease which has recently been described as a single outbreak in a zoo collection. During a time period of 26 months (September 2009-November 2011) 18 Veiled chameleons presented at the clinic for various reasons were examined for the presence of C. granulomatis. Swabs were taken from tongue and skin lesions of live chameleons and from internal granulomas of deceased chameleons. Mycological culture was performed on Sabouraud dextrose and Potato dextrose agar as described previously. For the first time, the obtained isolates were screened for susceptibility towards different antifungal drugs by use of agar diffusion testing. Fungal species were determined by amplification with different primers, as reported before, and sequencing of parts of the 28S rDNA gene, the 18S rDNA gene, internal transcribed spacer region-1 DNA and 5.8S rDNA gene. Ten cases of disseminated mycosis caused by C. granulomatis were thus documented. These animals were kept in nine different collections of differing owners. Common findings in diseased chameleons were disseminated mycosis, glossitis and dermatitis. Although all isolates were tested sensitive to terbinafine and nystatin. The results of this study clearly show, contrary to a recently published single outbreak in a zoo collection, that disseminated mycosis caused by C. granulomatis in Veiled chameleons is, a common and often fatal infectious disease in this species. The routes of infection or treatment options are still unknown and need further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Hypocreales; Insecta; Lizards; Male; Mycoses
PubMed: 22857978
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.017 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Dec 2008Trichosporonosis is rare but have been associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestation, ranging from superficial infection to severe deep-seated mycosis.... (Review)
Review
Trichosporonosis is rare but have been associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestation, ranging from superficial infection to severe deep-seated mycosis. Deep-seated trichosporonosis is a lethal opportunistic infection occasionally found in immunocompromised patients, particularly those who are neutropenic due to hematological diseases or cytotoxic therapy. Trichosporon asahii is considered the principal etiologic agent of non-Candida fungemia and disseminated trichosporonosis in Japan. It is necessary for a clinician to pay enough care as the lethal infections in immunocompromised host. Diabetic patients are also predisposed of trichosporonosis because of the impaired leukocyte function. I review the literature about trichosporonosis with the patients of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mycoses; Neutropenia; Risk Factors; Trichosporon
PubMed: 19069106
DOI: No ID Found -
Antibiotiki I Khimioterapiia =... 2007
Review
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Fungi; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 18464560
DOI: No ID Found -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... 2003Among the filamentous fungi of the Hyphomycete class, Annellospore group, the Scopulariopsis genera presently includes 16 species considered as opportunist pathogens. We... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Among the filamentous fungi of the Hyphomycete class, Annellospore group, the Scopulariopsis genera presently includes 16 species considered as opportunist pathogens. We report some unusual cutaneous manifestations due to Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in an immunodepressed patient.
OBSERVATION
A 67 year-old man presented with a lymphomatous form of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. During chemotherapy with medullar aplasia, inflammatory cutaneous nodules appeared on the forearm and leg. Microbiological and histological examinations identified Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The patient improved with rapid remission from aplasia using hematopoietic growth factors and treatment with itraconazole.
COMMENTS
In a patient in medullar aplasia, the rapid onset of an extra-ungual cutaneous localization (forearm and leg) of a Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection, without systemic involvement, suggests that the cutaneous inoculation occurred through scratching (from the nails) or from another cutaneous origin. Prolonged neutropenia enhanced the pathogenicity of this mycosis. The mycological and histological examinations are fundamental to confirm the diagnosis.
Topics: Aged; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Transplantation Conditioning
PubMed: 14576610
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2019Scalp mycosis is often caused by dermatophytes and was so called tinea capitis. There is no published report caused by Aspergillus protuberus. We report a rare case of...
BACKGROUND
Scalp mycosis is often caused by dermatophytes and was so called tinea capitis. There is no published report caused by Aspergillus protuberus. We report a rare case of kerion-type scalp mycosis caused by A. protuberus.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 5-year-old girl developed pyogenic mass with pain for 8 days and got a fever for 2 days prior to admission. Surgical incision and drainage of the mass, intravenous cefuroxime and metronidazole in the local hospital aggravated the skin lesions. Species identification was performed by observation of morphologic and biochemical characteristicsand sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin (BT2). Treatment with oral and topical antifungal agents was effective with no relapse during the six months of clinical follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Aspergillusis a opportunistic pathogenic fungus and its infection occurs mostly in patients with underlying conditions and immunocompromised statuses. So far no report of kerion-type scalp infection has been reported. The first case of kerion-type scalp mycosis caused by A. protuberus was described to highlight the importance of mycological examination that helps to recognize rare pathogenic fungi. Any boggy lesion with hair loss over the scalp and non-responsive to antibiotics should be suspected as resulting from fungal infection, and mycological examination should be performed, especially in children.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mycoses; Phylogeny; Scalp
PubMed: 31182059
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4144-7