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New Zealand Veterinary Journal May 2012Six horses from several geographical locations in New Zealand presented with signs of guttural pouch mycosis. All horses had experienced epistaxis within 14 days of...
CASE HISTORIES
Six horses from several geographical locations in New Zealand presented with signs of guttural pouch mycosis. All horses had experienced epistaxis within 14 days of presentation.
CLINICAL FINDINGS AND TREATMENT
In five horses with epistaxis, a diagnosis of guttural pouch mycosis was made on endoscopic observation of fungal plaques in the affected guttural pouches. One of these cases died before surgery was attempted. The remaining four cases underwent ligation and balloon catheter occlusion of the internal carotid artery of the affected pouch. Three of these horses survived and were reported to be healthy 1 year after surgery. One case died from haemorrhage 8 weeks after surgery. In a sixth horse, endoscopy was carried out but the affected guttural pouch which had recently haemorrhaged was not entered. This horse underwent ligation of the internal carotid and occipital arteries of the affected side but subsequently died. A diagnosis of guttural pouch mycosis of the maxillary artery was confirmed by post-mortem examination. Histology revealed fungal hyphae within thrombi in the lumen of the maxillary artery in the affected guttural pouch. Two horses displayed signs consistent with cranial nerve damage in the guttural pouch.
DIAGNOSIS
Guttural pouch mycosis.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This is the first report of which we are aware of the diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases of guttural pouch mycosis in horses in New Zealand. Practitioners in New Zealand should be aware of the presence and manifestations of this disease and be prepared to treat or refer horses for surgical treatment before fatal haemorrhage and/or profound neurologic signs occur.
Topics: Animals; Carotid Artery, Internal; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Mycoses; New Zealand; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
PubMed: 22480359
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2011.648891 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 1996The basidiomycosis, fungal infections provoked by basidiomycetes or agaric fungi have been recorded at growing frequencies in the medical literature, especially after... (Review)
Review
The basidiomycosis, fungal infections provoked by basidiomycetes or agaric fungi have been recorded at growing frequencies in the medical literature, especially after the advent of AIDS in 1991. The basidiospores of these fungi, scattered in the atmosphere and transported by winds or air currents, reach the maxillary sinuses through the nasal route, most of the times causing signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Basidiomycetes have also been isolated from sputum, especially Schizophyllum commune. Lesions of the buccal mucosa, brain abscesses, onychomycosis and endocarditis have been described, with a growing interest in this type of deep mycosis on the part of mycologists and infectologists. The present paper reports descriptions of mycetism as well as infectious processes caused by basidiomycetes, such as Schizophyllum commune, Ustilago maydis (= Ustilago zeae) and Coprinus cinereus.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 9293082
DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651996000500011 -
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 2013Diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors of fungal infections of oral cavity, lower part of gastrointestinal tract, skin, foot, urogenital system and blood.... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors of fungal infections of oral cavity, lower part of gastrointestinal tract, skin, foot, urogenital system and blood. Mycosis is a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem and cause of mortality in diabetes. Fungal infections are also an important problem among hemodialysis patients with diabetes or diabetic patients after pancreas or kidney transplantation This work briefly describes the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and ways of prophylaxis and treatment of mycosis in diabetic population. There is also emphasized the great connection between effective treatment of mycosis and glycemic control.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoses; Pancreas Transplantation; Renal Dialysis; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23923382
DOI: No ID Found -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sep 2022With the advent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide range of life-threatening maxillofacial fungal coinfections have also been observed in patients. We... (Review)
Review
With the advent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide range of life-threatening maxillofacial fungal coinfections have also been observed in patients. We conducted this systematic review to collate and evaluate the data to enable clinicians to understand the disease pattern and types of mycosis and provide meticulous management of these infections in COVID-19 patients. The review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted on major databases using keywords in combination with Boolean Operators. Manuscripts discussing cases of maxillofacial fungal infections in COVID-19 patients were included. A total of 11 studies were systematically reviewed to assess the fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients. Twenty-one cases of mucormycosis, 58 of candidiasis, and 1 each of aspergillosis and mixed infection were observed in the region of head and neck. Significant increase in invasive fungal infection is evident in patients suffering from COVID-19 which could be due to immunosuppression and other pre-existing comorbidities. Early diagnosis and intervention like systemic antifungals or surgical debridement is mandatory to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Topics: COVID-19; Coinfection; Humans; Mycoses; Pandemics
PubMed: 34622312
DOI: 10.1007/s10006-021-01010-5 -
Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. the Journal... Mar 2003
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Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. the Journal... Mar 1997
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The Veterinary Record Jun 2013
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Europe; Eurotiales; Fatal Outcome; Male; Mycoses; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 23666958
DOI: 10.1136/vr.101373 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2020Fungal pathogens can affect humans, animals, and plants, and they can be found in the environment or as part of the host microbiome. Fungal diseases present a broad... (Review)
Review
Fungal pathogens can affect humans, animals, and plants, and they can be found in the environment or as part of the host microbiome. Fungal diseases present a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from superficial to invasive infections, and can cause outbreaks. During an outbreak investigation, the laboratory plays an essential role in verifying the diagnosis and helping to confirm the source of the outbreak. Immunodiagnostic assays are important tools and often relied upon for the diagnosis of fungal infections, since the gold standard assays of culture and histopathology are time-consuming and often require invasive procedures. Immunodiagnostic assays range from complement fixation and immunodiffusion to enzyme immunoassays and, most recently, to point-of-care lateral flow devices. In general, these assays provide results faster and offer good analytical performance. These characteristics make immunodiagnostic assays good laboratory tools for outbreak investigations. The aim of this review is to describe the principles, advantages, limitations, and availability of immunodiagnostics assays in outbreak investigations, based on the experience of a reference laboratory.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Fungi; Humans; Mycoses; Serologic Tests
PubMed: 32458313
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00452-x -
Journal of Fish Diseases Mar 2018Spontaneous invasive and chronic disseminated mycosis affected Hemigrammus pulcher kept in a public aquarium, and infection was manifested by inappetence, exophthalmia,...
Swim bladder mycosis in pretty tetra (Hemigrammus pulcher) caused by Exophiala pisciphila and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola, and experimental verification of pathogenicity.
Spontaneous invasive and chronic disseminated mycosis affected Hemigrammus pulcher kept in a public aquarium, and infection was manifested by inappetence, exophthalmia, erratic swimming, eroded scales, anaemia of the gills and abdominal distension. Internally, there was a grossly swollen swim bladder with a thickened wall filled with a dark mass. The body cavities contained a clear, light amber fluid and a swollen intestine which was full of a watery fluid containing small gas bubbles. Histopathology revealed a granulomatous inflammatory response with fungal hyphae in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder, hepatopancreas, spleen and kidneys with signs of nephrohydrosis. Exophiala pisciphila and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola were isolated from the swim bladder, abdominal cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The exogenous source of infection was probably the ample wooden decoration and plants inside the aquarium. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolation of both fungal species from fish artificially infected under laboratory conditions. As P. hymenocallidicola is less capable of defence against phagocytosis, E. pisciphila probably played a major role. Severe clinical manifestations with 100% mortality developed in two fish species infected by E. pisciphila. A significant increase in the plasma levels of amino acids was observed as a result of the activation of proteolysis.
Topics: Air Sacs; Animals; Ascomycota; Characidae; Exophiala; Fish Diseases; Mycoses
PubMed: 29159880
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12750 -
Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence,... Nov 2003Fusariosis, an emerging opportunistic mycosis caused by Fusarium species, carries a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. The dismal prognosis of patients... (Review)
Review
Fusariosis, an emerging opportunistic mycosis caused by Fusarium species, carries a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. The dismal prognosis of patients with fusariosis is aggravated by the limited therapeutic options. Here we give an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, antifungal susceptibility and management of fusariosis.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Fusarium; Humans; Incidence; Mycoses; Prognosis
PubMed: 14708964
DOI: 10.1179/joc.2003.15.Supplement-2.28