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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Apr 2015The most common disorders of the equine guttural pouches are empyema, tympany, mycosis, and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Diagnosis of these conditions is made... (Review)
Review
The most common disorders of the equine guttural pouches are empyema, tympany, mycosis, and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Diagnosis of these conditions is made primarily by imaging with endoscopy, radiographs, computed tomography, and/or MRI. Medical treatment with anti-inflammatories, antimicrobials, and/or antifungals may be successful in some cases, but many of these disorders necessitate surgical intervention. Direct surgical approaches to the guttural pouch are difficult because of their complex anatomy and relationship with important structures, thus precipitating a move toward minimally invasive procedures when possible.
Topics: Animals; Eustachian Tube; Horse Diseases; Horses; Mycoses; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
PubMed: 25770066
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.010 -
Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and... Sep 1997Opportunistic fungal infections are commonly encountered in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient population. Fungal infections in the patient infected... (Review)
Review
Opportunistic fungal infections are commonly encountered in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient population. Fungal infections in the patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The yeasts Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans, the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum and Sporothrix schenckii, and the dermatophyte fungi are the most common pathogenic fungi in patients infected with HIV. The characteristics of these and other relevant mycotic pathogens, and their clinical presentation are discussed. Mycoses in the patient infected with HIV are often atypical, and can be masked by other infections. Cutaneous manifestations may provide valuable diagnostic clues. The clinician must maintain a high index of suspicion to establish an early diagnosis and rapidly institute therapy. Treatment may suppress rather than cure the mycosis, because host immunity in conjunction with antifungal agents is necessary to eliminate infection.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mycoses; Prognosis
PubMed: 9300631
DOI: 10.1016/s1085-5629(97)80043-0 -
Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne 2004Some aspects of multifocal and disseminated mycosis are discussed. Special attention is devoted to factors, which play a significant role in the development of fungal... (Review)
Review
Some aspects of multifocal and disseminated mycosis are discussed. Special attention is devoted to factors, which play a significant role in the development of fungal infections. Host criteria and microbiological as well as a clinical criteria are discussed. A special attention is given to nosocomial invasions and post-transplantation mycosis.
Topics: Adult; Causality; Child; Comorbidity; Cross Infection; Female; Fungemia; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Organ Transplantation; Postoperative Complications; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 16865938
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2005Invasive fungal infections are a major challenge in the management of immunocompromised patients and those with renal dysfunction. These challenges are due to the... (Review)
Review
Invasive fungal infections are a major challenge in the management of immunocompromised patients and those with renal dysfunction. These challenges are due to the immense morbidity and mortality in such situations. Also the management strategies for invasive mycosis in patients with renal dysfunction have narrow safety profile and involve high-cost. In this review we will discuss the issues involved in the management of invasive mycosis in the patients with renal dysfunction in the form of acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, dialysis dependency of renal transplant recipients. We also emphasize that the use of Intravenous Liposomal Amphoterecin appears to be an effective alternative to the conventional Amphoterecin B for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients with renal dysfunction due to its greatly improved tolerability profile. Commercially two true liposomal preparations (Fungisome and Ambisome) are available. Judgement about the preferred formulation should be made on the basis of disease morbidity, severity of renal dysfunction and the cost involved.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Kidney Transplantation; Mycoses; Renal Insufficiency
PubMed: 16519253
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Aug 2022Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a soil saprophyte, is the most common dermatomycotic mould and causes deep fungal infection. Ten canaries died in a flock of 200 and, at...
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a soil saprophyte, is the most common dermatomycotic mould and causes deep fungal infection. Ten canaries died in a flock of 200 and, at necropsy, S. brevicaulis was isolated from lung and beak samples. Macroscopically, the colonies were flat, velvety or powdery, white, tan, dark brown, grey or black. Microscopically, the isolated fungus had hyaline and septate hyphae, finger-like conidiophores on which annelids produced chains of conidia. On histopathological examination, multiple irregular thin red hyphae were seen in lung tissue of the canaries. Although S. brevicaulis may be involved in onychomycosis, pulmonary mycosis or invasive infection in humans, this infection has not been reported in canaries. This study shows that S. brevicaulis can cause invasive and fatal infection in canaries.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mycoses; Onychomycosis; Scopulariopsis
PubMed: 36008039
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.06.002 -
Zeitschrift Fur Haut- Und... Oct 1953
Topics: Mycoses
PubMed: 13123196
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2005Fungal infections are common in tropical countries and can have an important impact on public health. Lobomycosis is a common fungal infection in the tropical rain... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Fungal infections are common in tropical countries and can have an important impact on public health. Lobomycosis is a common fungal infection in the tropical rain forest of South America, and paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is a widespread and sometimes severe illness. Penicilliosis marneffei is an opportunistic infection of AIDS patients in southeast Asia. Chromoblastomycosis and mycetomas are causes of morbidity around the world. Sporotrichosis is a worldwide subcutaneous mycosis with a high incidence in tropical countries and is an important illness in immunocompromised patients. Rhinosporidiosis was classed as a fungal infection but is now considered a protistan parasite that belongs to the class Mesomycetozoea. It is included in this review because of its historical classification. In the past, most of these mycoses were restricted to specific geographic areas and natural reservoirs. There are, however, situations in which people from other regions come in contact with the pathogen. A common situation involves an accidental contamination of a traveler or worker who has contact with a tropical mycosis. Even minor trauma to the skin surface or inhalation of the fungal conidia can infect the patient. Thus recognition of the clinical symptoms and the dermatologic findings of the diseases, as well as the geographic distribution of the pathogens, can be critical in diagnosis of the tropical mycoses. This review discusses some of the more common tropical subcutaneous and systemic mycoses, as well as their signs, symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and therapies.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be able to recognize the clinical and histologic presentations of tropical fungal diseases with cutaneous manifestations and be familiar with the appropriate therapies.
Topics: Animals; Blastomycosis; Chromoblastomycosis; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Mycetoma; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Penicillium; Rhinosporidiosis; Sporotrichosis; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 16310053
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.10.883 -
Polski Tygodnik Lekarski (Warsaw,... Sep 1985
Topics: Candidiasis; Chronic Disease; Female; Gastritis; Geotrichosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses
PubMed: 4070052
DOI: No ID Found -
Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany) May 2010Recognition of and therapy for fungal infections of the lungs still presents problems even for the experienced clinician. The distinction between invasive mycoses of the... (Review)
Review
Recognition of and therapy for fungal infections of the lungs still presents problems even for the experienced clinician. The distinction between invasive mycoses of the lungs and fungal colonisations that do not require therapy is cinically difficult and can often not be made satisfactorily even with advanced microbiological diagnostics. One must differentiate between a primary, often locally limited, endemic pulmonary mycosis and a pulmonary mycosis against the background of a locally or systemically compromised immune system. Patients at risk include those with advanced HIV infections, patients under long-term antibiotic therapy as well as oncological and multimorbid patients. The pulmonary manifestation of a mycosis may not only be the starting point for a systemic dissemination but can also arise in the course of hematogenous spread of the infection. The latter can appear, for example, as an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunesuppressed patients. Thus, early clinical, radiological and biological confirmation of the diagnosis is essential in order to avoid the possible complications of pulmonary mycosis.
Topics: Blastomycosis; Coccidioidomycosis; Endemic Diseases; Geography; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Radiography; Risk Factors
PubMed: 20455177
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1244004 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas 2014Histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. In immunocompromised patients, primary pulmonary infection can spread to... (Review)
Review
Histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. In immunocompromised patients, primary pulmonary infection can spread to the skin and meninges. Clinical manifestations appear in patients with a CD4(+) lymphocyte count of less than 150 cells/μL. Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. It can present as diffuse pulmonary disease or as a disseminated form primarily affecting the central nervous system, the bones, and the skin. Cryptococcosis is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans (var. neoformans and var. grubii) and Cryptococcus gattii, which are members of the Cryptococcus species complex and have 5 serotypes: A, B, C, D, and AD. It is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, even those receiving antiretroviral therapy. Histopathologic examination and culture of samples from any suspicious lesions are essential for the correct diagnosis of systemic fungal infections in patients with HIV/AIDS.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Coccidioides; Coccidioidomycosis; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus gattii; Cryptococcus neoformans; Dermatomycoses; Diagnosis, Differential; Fungemia; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Mycoses; Skin Ulcer; Spain
PubMed: 23107866
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.06.017