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Current Treatment Options in Oncology Apr 2023Myeloid sarcoma, a rare malignant tumor characterized by the invasion of extramedullary tissue by immature myeloid cells, commonly occurs concomitantly with acute... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma, a rare malignant tumor characterized by the invasion of extramedullary tissue by immature myeloid cells, commonly occurs concomitantly with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, or myeloproliferative neoplasms. The rarity of myeloid sarcoma poses challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Currently, treatments for myeloid sarcoma remain controversial and primarily follow protocols for acute myeloid leukemia, such as chemotherapy utilizing multi-agent regimens, in addition to radiation therapy and/or surgery. The advancements in next-generation sequencing technology have led to significant progress in the field of molecular genetics, resulting in the identification of both diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The application of targeted therapeutics, such as FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3(FLT3) inhibitors, isocitrate dehydrogenases(IDH) inhibitors, and the B cell lymphoma 2(BCL2) inhibitors, has facilitated the gradual transformation of traditional chemotherapy into targeted precision therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. However, the field of targeted therapy for myeloid sarcoma is relatively under-investigated and not well-described. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the molecular genetic characteristics of myeloid sarcoma and the current application of targeted therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mutation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 36877373
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01063-6 -
Blood Apr 2020
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 32298443
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004975 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Aug 2020
Topics: Duodenum; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Stomach
PubMed: 32846064
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2001235 -
Laboratory Medicine Jan 2022Unusual presentations of otherwise common hematopoietic neoplasms are a well-recognized diagnostic challenge. Herein, we present a case study of a previously healthy 64... (Review)
Review
Unusual presentations of otherwise common hematopoietic neoplasms are a well-recognized diagnostic challenge. Herein, we present a case study of a previously healthy 64 year old woman with myeloid sarcoma whose diagnosis was delayed by an unusual immunohistochemical staining pattern, including cytokeratin expression, by the neoplastic cells and by possible anchoring bias introduced by radiographic and flow cytometric immunophenotyping reports. This case study emphasizes the need to integrate clinical, radiographic, histologic, and immunophenotyping data for rapid and accurate tissue diagnoses while being wary of the lack of specificity for many common immunophenotypic markers.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Keratins; Middle Aged; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 34388257
DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab025 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Jun 2020Pain in abdomen has wide differentials and narrowing down the clinical possibilities depends on type of pain, location, characterization which is usually assisted by... (Review)
Review
Pain in abdomen has wide differentials and narrowing down the clinical possibilities depends on type of pain, location, characterization which is usually assisted by imaging studies. Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are amongst the common causes of acute abdomen. This study reviews the literature for the clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of reported cases of gallbladder myeloid sarcoma (GB-MS) who presented with abdominal symptoms. A total of 17 cases of GB-MS were studied. The median age was 52 years with age range of 23 to 84 years. All except 1 patient presented with abdominal symptoms. Based on imaging or pathological studies, 3 cases were initially confused with gallbladder lymphoma or cancer. Only 5 patients were treated with AML like chemotherapy. Treatment given included combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. None of the cases underwent HSCT for GB-MS. Seven patients were alive till the time of last F/U, 9 succumbed to death while F/U of 1 patient was not available. Irrespective of treatment protocol followed suggesting the poor prognosis in GB-MS cases. In conclusion, acute abdomen complicating blood malignancies is life threatening and can be devastating if not detected and treated in a timely fashion.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Young Adult
PubMed: 32434344
DOI: 10.21037/cco-19-250 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Aug 2021Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a mass-forming, extramedullary infiltration of myeloid blasts rarely presenting in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These tumoral masses... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a mass-forming, extramedullary infiltration of myeloid blasts rarely presenting in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These tumoral masses rarely occur at any and multiple anatomic sites, precedent or coincident with bone marrow evidence of AML. We report a case of MS that presented as pancreatic and cardiac masses where subsequent evaluation of pleural effusion cytology rendered the diagnosis. Primary MS diagnosed via pleural effusion cytology is not yet reported in literature. Herein, we report the case of a 45-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain. An infiltrative mass was identified in the pancreatic head, suspicious for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Despite multiple attempts, Fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreatic mass failed to render a definitive diagnosis. Subsequent thoracentesis of a right pleural effusion revealed cytologically malignant cells, identified as myeloid blasts after immunohistochemical and flow cytometric evaluation. Although rare, MS should be considered as a diagnostic possibility in the evaluation of malignancy with an unknown primary.
Topics: Bone Marrow; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pleural Effusion; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 33751858
DOI: 10.1002/dc.24739 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Dec 2023Intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It can involve the meninges and ependyma presenting as extra-axial... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It can involve the meninges and ependyma presenting as extra-axial mass lesion. Rarely, it can also invade the brain parenchyma. It is commonly seen in children. It is usually misdiagnosed due to its close resemblance to other intracranial tumors (meningioma, metastasis, Ewing's sarcomas, and lymphoma). These are underdiagnosed if they precede the diagnosis of leukemia.
CASE REPORT
A 7-year-old boy with isolated intracranial myeloid sarcoma who presented with raised intracranial pressure (ICP) which was successfully managed by surgical excision.
CONCLUSION
Isolated intracranial myeloid sarcoma is a rare presentation of AML. Leukemia can be diagnosed early during the postoperative period and can be started on therapy timely. These patients requires regular follow-ups (clinical, laboratory and radiological) to detect relapses early.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Sarcoma, Ewing; Meningeal Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms
PubMed: 37300577
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06016-w -
British Journal of Neurosurgery Jun 2023Myeloid sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of primitive myeloid cell origin often associated with hematologic disorders. The central nervous system is rarely involved and... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of primitive myeloid cell origin often associated with hematologic disorders. The central nervous system is rarely involved and differentiating between myeloid sarcoma and other tumors is not possible on imaging. Here we present the rare case of an isolated intracranial myeloid sarcoma, initially misdiagnosed radiologically as a meningioma, treated with surgical total resection and subsequent chemotherapy, with no signs of any hematological disorder at follow up. Differential diagnosis and management strategies, as well as follow-up implications are discussed along with literature review, which pointed out that only five cases with no further signs of hematological disorders at follow up have been described in the literature so far and this case has the longest follow up of them at 9 years.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain Neoplasms; Meningioma; Meningeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 32351132
DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1759782 -
Digestive Endoscopy : Official Journal... Sep 2020
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Stomach
PubMed: 32567724
DOI: 10.1111/den.13776 -
Turkish Journal of Haematology :... Aug 2021
Topics: Humans; Male; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 33064081
DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0436