-
International Journal of Laboratory... Dec 2011Myeloid sarcomas are extramedullary lesions composed of myeloid lineage blasts that typically form tumorous masses and may precede, follow, or occur in the absence of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Myeloid sarcomas are extramedullary lesions composed of myeloid lineage blasts that typically form tumorous masses and may precede, follow, or occur in the absence of systemic acute myeloid leukemia. They most commonly involve the skin and soft tissues, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract and are particularly challenging to diagnose in patients without an antecedent history of acute myeloid leukemia.
METHODS
We conducted a search of the English language medical literature for recent studies of interest to individuals involved in the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma.
RESULTS
The differential diagnosis includes non-Hodgkin lymphoma, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, histiocytic sarcoma, melanoma, carcinoma, and (in children) small round blue cell tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical markers must be considered when evaluating a suspected case of myeloid sarcoma. A high percentage of tested cases have cytogenetic abnormalities.
CONCLUSION
A minimal panel of immunohistochemical markers should include anti-CD43 or anti-lysozyme as a lack of immunoreactivity for either of these sensitive markers would be inconsistent with a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. Use of more specific markers of myeloid disease, such as CD33, myeloperoxidase, CD34 and CD117 is necessary to establish the diagnosis. Other antibodies may be added depending on the differential diagnosis. Identification of acute myeloid leukemia-associated genetic lesions may be helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD34; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
PubMed: 21883967
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553X.2011.01361.x -
International Journal of Pediatric... Jul 2019Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary collection of immature myeloid cells that can commonly occur with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While head and neck... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary collection of immature myeloid cells that can commonly occur with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While head and neck presentations are not unheard of, there have been few published pediatric cases of external auditory canal MS. Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old male who presented with MS masquerading as bilateral acute otitis externa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a bilateral presentation leading to a new diagnosis of AML. A literature review of head and neck presentations of MS is included.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Otitis Externa; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 31005747
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.04.002 -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Sep 2009Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also termed extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, extramedullary myeloid tumor, and granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a rare manifestation that... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also termed extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, extramedullary myeloid tumor, and granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a rare manifestation that is characterized by the occurrence of 1 or more tumor myeloid masses occurring at an extramedullary site. The wide spectrum of this disorder and the conditions that it overlaps diagnostically were well reflected in the 25 cases submitted to the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop held in Indianapolis, IN, in November 2007. This review, on the one hand, focuses on the definition and most recent achievements on the pathobiology of MS, and on the other, also in the light of the revised World Health Organization classification, summarizes the main features of a representative series of this condition aiming to provide readers a useful document for daily practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child, Preschool; Congresses as Topic; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 19687319
DOI: 10.1309/AJCP1ZA7HYZKAZHS -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Mar 2018Myeloid sarcomas of the oral cavity are exceedingly rare. This report describes a recent case, and reviews the literature. This case report serves three purposes: 1) to... (Review)
Review
Myeloid sarcomas of the oral cavity are exceedingly rare. This report describes a recent case, and reviews the literature. This case report serves three purposes: 1) to demonstrate that the use of an intraoral biopsy can diagnose severe systemic disease; 2) to remind practitioners to be cognizant of less common diagnoses in the differential diagnosis of facial swelling; and 3) to contribute a case of myeloid sarcoma that was confirmed by flow cytometry to the published data.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28943463
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.08.034 -
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional... Oct 2020
Topics: Aged; Bone Marrow; Bronchi; Bronchoscopy; Cough; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Female; Granulocyte Precursor Cells; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Palliative Care; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea
PubMed: 32604321
DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000693 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jan 2022
Topics: Capsule Endoscopy; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 34219112
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7799-21 -
Pathology Jun 2022Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is defined as a tumour mass consisting of myeloid blasts that occurs at an anatomical site other than bone marrow. MS with megakaryocytic...
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is defined as a tumour mass consisting of myeloid blasts that occurs at an anatomical site other than bone marrow. MS with megakaryocytic differentiation (MSmgk) is extremely rare and its clinicopathological features have not been well described. We reviewed 11 cases in 11 patients of extramedullary mass-forming malignant tumours composed of immature non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells expressing CD41 with or without concurrent bone marrow lesions. The patients consisted of seven men and four women (1.75:1 male-to-female ratio). The mean and median ages at diagnosis were 50 and 62 years, respectively, ranging from 2 to 78 years. Extramedullary mass lesions were solitary in three cases (27%) and multiple in eight cases (73%). Tumour locations were lymph nodes (6 cases), subcutaneous tissue (3 cases), intramuscular (1 case), and bone (1 case). Seven of the 11 patients (64%) had a history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Three patients (27%) developed MS during remissions of acute myelogenous leukaemia, and one patient had a recurrence of MS at other sites. Follow-up data were available for four cases. Tumour cells were positive for CD41, CD33, CD34, MPO, and CD68 in 11 (100%), three (27%), seven (64%), four (36%), and seven (64%) cases, respectively. Cytogenetic analysis was successfully performed in two cases. Complex but inconsistent abnormalities were evident. When compared with cases of MS without megakaryocytic differentiation, the survival of MSmgk was significantly shorter (p=0.0033). Compared to MS without megakaryocytic differentiation, MSmgk is more likely to follow MDS/MPN, to involve multiple sites, and to be associated with poorer outcomes. More detailed studies, including genomic or gene expression analyses, could confirm the characteristics of MSmgk.
Topics: Bone Marrow; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 34852914
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.08.015 -
Diagnostic Pathology Nov 2019Myeloid sarcoma (MS), which represents a rare malignancy that comprises of myeloid blasts occurring at extra-medullary sites, closely correlates with the onset and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Myeloid sarcoma (MS), which represents a rare malignancy that comprises of myeloid blasts occurring at extra-medullary sites, closely correlates with the onset and relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other hemopoietic neoplasm. Female genital system is an uncommon location of MS, with the vulvar MS being even rarer that only eight cases have been reported in English-written literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 47-year-old woman presented with chronic ulceration on her vulva for one and a half month. Microscopic examination of incisional biopsy revealed dermal infiltration of myeloid precursor cells, which were positive for MPO, lysozyme, CD43, CD68, CD38 and CD117. Bone marrow flowcytometric analysis showed myeloblast count of 74%, which expressed CD13, CD33, CD117 and HLA-DR. A diagnosis of AML (M2 type) was made and vulvar MS was the earliest symptom. The patient achieved complete remission after chemotherapy with no evidence of recurrence in a 27-month follow-up. We reviewed the literature and identified 54 cases of Chinese patients with gynecological MS between 1999 and 2018, and discovered that in Chinese population, MS most frequently involved uterine cervix followed by the ovary and vulva, and ovarian MS onset much earlier than other sites. Remarkably, vulvar MS exhibited a high rate of concurrent AML and secondary myeloid leukemia within a short time of its occurrence. Despite its limited distribution, MS should be tackled aggressively with chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation if the appropriate donor is available.
CONCLUSIONS
Female genital MS, especially vulvar MS, should be included in the differential diagnosis of gynecological neoplasm, which will facilitate its early diagnosis and prompt management.
Topics: Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Middle Aged; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 31699112
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0892-3 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Apr 2022Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a relatively rare manifestation of myeloid neoplasms at sites other than the bone marrow. The rarity of gastrointestinal (GI) MS is attributed to...
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a relatively rare manifestation of myeloid neoplasms at sites other than the bone marrow. The rarity of gastrointestinal (GI) MS is attributed to certain factors, such as misdetection due to insufficient endoscopic assessments at the initial presentation with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as the difficulty of making a histologic assessment of leukemic involvement of the GI tract. We herein report a case of AML with gastric involvement and discuss the importance of screening examinations and therapies considering the location of MS and the data of cytogenetic and molecular mutation.
Topics: Bone Marrow; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mutation; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 34615821
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7986-21 -
Turkish Journal of Haematology :... May 2019
Topics: Child; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Orbital Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Survival Rate
PubMed: 30650963
DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.2019.0002