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BMJ Case Reports Mar 2022Myeloid sarcoma is an uncommon pathological diagnosis of proliferation of blasts of one or more of the myeloid lineages in regions other than the blood and bone marrow....
Myeloid sarcoma is an uncommon pathological diagnosis of proliferation of blasts of one or more of the myeloid lineages in regions other than the blood and bone marrow. Myeloid sarcoma of the testis after allogeneic bone marrow stem cell transplantation is very rare and only few cases are reported in the literature. It is usually misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma, particularly with large cell lymphoma, due to similar histological morphology. Due to difficulty in diagnosis, it is suggested that an appropriate panel of immunohistochemical marker studies be performed in conjunction with clinical correlation to avoid misleading diagnosis and improper treatment of patients. We report an interesting case of a 49-year-old man with a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukaemia. He had undergone allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, achieved complete molecular remission and later relapsed with myeloid sarcoma of the testis.
Topics: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 35304354
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240820 -
Medicine Jan 2024With the advancement of diagnostic technology, true acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) is becoming more rare, and AUL with extramedullary sarcoma has not been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
With the advancement of diagnostic technology, true acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) is becoming more rare, and AUL with extramedullary sarcoma has not been reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
This article reports a case of AUL with extramedullary sarcoma. Flow cytometric analysis of the bone marrow and lymph nodes indicated that the tumor cells of both were of the same origin and mainly expressed stem cell markers and CD7, no myeloid-specific markers, T-lymphoblastic-related markers, and B-lymphoblastic-related markers. Although the priming regimen combined with azacitidine was ineffective, complete remission was achieved by switching to azacitidine combined with HIA (homoharringtonine, idarubicin plus Ara-C).
CONCLUSION
To diagnosis de novo acute leukemia with extensive and comprehensive cellular immune maker detection is available and credible, the expression of a single relatively nonspecific myeloid antigen as a immune maker to detect AUL or AUL associated with sarcoma is precise and effective in our case, which patient was benefit from HIA regiment.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemia; Bone Marrow; Acute Disease; Azacitidine
PubMed: 38277531
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036948 -
Pediatric Dermatology Jul 2019Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor of malignant myeloid cells often associated with acute myeloid leukemia. We report a case of a 17-year-old boy...
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor of malignant myeloid cells often associated with acute myeloid leukemia. We report a case of a 17-year-old boy presenting with diffuse red-brown skin nodules ultimately diagnosed with the scarcely described disseminated, de novo MS. It is important for dermatologists to keep MS on their differential when assessing patients with disseminated red-brown nodules.
Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biopsy, Needle; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Rare Diseases; Risk Assessment; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 30941787
DOI: 10.1111/pde.13824 -
International Journal of Surgical... Oct 2015Myeloid sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm, comprising an extramedullary tumorous proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Its rarity and tendency for diverse clinical...
Myeloid sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm, comprising an extramedullary tumorous proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Its rarity and tendency for diverse clinical presentation contribute to difficulty in timely diagnosis. This report describes a case of a painful back lump in an elderly Chinese male, which was initially diagnosed as a carbuncle. Histology on the saucerization specimen was reported as inflamed granulation tissue. Failure of expected wound healing prompted surgical debridement; microscopic examination on the subsequent specimen revealed an immature myeloid population with an increased MIB-1 proliferative index, highlighted by myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, CD117, and CD43 immunoreactivity, in keeping with myeloid sarcoma. Despite aggressive management, the patient eventually died. This report draws attention to potential pitfalls in the pathological diagnosis of this uncommon tumor and briefly summarizes its salient features.
Topics: Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Granulation Tissue; Humans; Male; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 26063639
DOI: 10.1177/1066896915588931 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2017A 10-year-old girl presented with painless unilateral left upper lid ptosis. A nontender hard mass was palpated in the left upper lid. Blood smear was compatible with... (Review)
Review
A 10-year-old girl presented with painless unilateral left upper lid ptosis. A nontender hard mass was palpated in the left upper lid. Blood smear was compatible with the diagnosis of leukemia. The cause of ptosis was now thought to be a mass composed of myeloid blast cells (myeloid sarcoma).
Topics: Blepharoptosis; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orbital Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 26921808
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.02.004 -
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Nov 2016Extramedullary involvement of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is rare and has been reported under the terms myeloid sarcoma (MS), granulocytic sarcoma, chloroma,...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Extramedullary involvement of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is rare and has been reported under the terms myeloid sarcoma (MS), granulocytic sarcoma, chloroma, extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, myeloblastoma and myelosarcoma. The most common extramedullary involvement includes soft tissues and lymph nodes, but it may arise in different sites of the body. There are only very few reports about MS in the pulmonary system, and involvement of the trachea is extremely rare.
METHODS
This is the first report of initial presentation of MS by severe acute tracheal stenosis.
RESULTS
After failed tracheal dilatation, a tracheostomy was performed where tracheal tissue was submitted for pathology. Histology of the tracheal biopsy and bone marrow revealed AML. The patient was subsequently referred to our oncology service for further management.
CONCLUSION
Myeloid sarcoma should be part of the differential for acute tracheal stenosis.
Topics: Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Tracheal Stenosis; Tracheostomy
PubMed: 25763656
DOI: 10.1111/crj.12287 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Jan 2024Null.
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Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2021As the first and only presenting feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), unilateral proptosis in children is uncommon. We report the cases of two girls who had no...
As the first and only presenting feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), unilateral proptosis in children is uncommon. We report the cases of two girls who had no systemic clinical manifestations of AML. Orbital imaging showed space-occupying infiltrating lesions without surrounding bone erosion. Incisional biopsy and immunohistochemistry were diagnostic for myeloid sarcoma. Systemic workup and bone marrow examination showed features of AML. Systemic chemotherapy was administered to both children, who responded well to the treatment. Myeloid sarcoma should be kept in the differentials of the children presenting with isolated proptosis. Immunohistochemistry may provide an accurate diagnosis and early treatment may lead to a prompt recovery with a good prognosis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Biopsy; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Exophthalmos; Female; Humans; Orbital Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33817441
DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2021.17 -
Acta Haematologica 2016Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary presentation of myeloid malignancies, most commonly seen in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although MS can...
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary presentation of myeloid malignancies, most commonly seen in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although MS can develop in any organ, the involvement of the hepatobiliary system is rare. With clinical manifestations of jaundice, abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms, MS presenting at this location can be a challenge to diagnose, particularly in patients with no known history of hematologic malignancy. This may cause delay in proper management. Here we report 3 cases from a single institution and a review of the literature concerning the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes in patients with MS of the liver, biliary tree and pancreas.
Topics: Humans; Jaundice; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 27007946
DOI: 10.1159/000444516 -
Medicine Sep 2017Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) are extramedullary tumors comprising myeloid blasts. They can occur de novo or concurrently with hematological disorders,... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) are extramedullary tumors comprising myeloid blasts. They can occur de novo or concurrently with hematological disorders, usually acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML chemotherapy is generally the initial therapy for MS and LC, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be considered as additional therapy. However, treatment for older patients who are unable to continue intensive chemotherapy is not currently standardized.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 71-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with multiple MSs associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), using bone marrow aspiration and lymph node biopsy.
DIAGNOSES
Additionally, LC was diagnosed by skin biopsy. Extramedullary MS and LC lesions were formed by massive infiltration of myeloblastic cells.
INTERVENTIONS
Twenty courses of 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) were administrated as maintenance therapy after induction therapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine.
OUTCOMES
Myeloblasts decreased in the bone marrow and the LC disappeared after induction therapy. The MSs completely disappeared, except for the palatine tonsil lesion, after 5-Aza maintenance therapy. 5-Aza treatment provided long-term partial response for more than 21 months.
LESSONS
5-Aza was well tolerated and may be a good option for the treatment of MS and LC associated with MDS, especially in older patients who cannot receive HSCT.
Topics: Aged; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Azacitidine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Sarcoma, Myeloid
PubMed: 28885352
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007975