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Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics Jul 2015Myocardial infarction (MI) is a term used for an event of heart attack which is due to formation of plaques in the interior walls of the arteries resulting in reduced... (Review)
Review
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a term used for an event of heart attack which is due to formation of plaques in the interior walls of the arteries resulting in reduced blood flow to the heart and injuring heart muscles because of lack of oxygen supply. The symptoms of MI include chest pain, which travels from left arm to neck, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, vomiting, abnormal heart beating, anxiety, fatigue, weakness, stress, depression, and other factors. The immediate treatment of MI include, taking aspirin, which prevents blood from clotting, and nitro-glycerin to treat chest pain and oxygen. The heart attack can be prevented by taking an earlier action to lower those risks by controlling diet, fat, cholesterol, salt, smoking, nicotine, alcohol, drugs, monitoring of blood pressure every week, doing exercise every day, and loosing body weight. The treatment of MI includes, aspirin tablets, and to dissolve arterial blockage injection of thrombolytic or clot dissolving drugs such as tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase or urokinase in blood within 3 h of the onset of a heart attack. The painkillers such as morphine or meperidine can be administered to relieve pain. Nitroglycerin and antihypertensive drugs such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers may also be used to lower blood pressure and to improve the oxygen demand of heart. The ECG, coronary angiography and X-ray of heart and blood vessels can be performed to observe the narrowing of coronary arteries. In this article the causes, symptoms and treatments of MI are described.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 25638347
DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0553-4 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Mar 2023The incidence of arrhythmia after myocardial infarction has declined since the introduction of reperfusion techniques. Nevertheless, ischemic arrhythmias are often... (Review)
Review
The incidence of arrhythmia after myocardial infarction has declined since the introduction of reperfusion techniques. Nevertheless, ischemic arrhythmias are often associated with increased morbidity and mortality particularly in the first 48 hours after hospital admission. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, characteristics, and management of ischemic tachy- and brady-arrhythmias focusing on the period shortly after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with both ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37009192
DOI: 10.59249/LSWK8578 -
The American Journal of Medicine Dec 2022Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction include rupture of a papillary muscle, ventricular septum, and free wall. Since the advent of acute coronary... (Review)
Review
Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction include rupture of a papillary muscle, ventricular septum, and free wall. Since the advent of acute coronary reperfusion, there has been a significant reduction in the incidence of these complications. One must have a high index of suspicion for a mechanical complication in any patient who develops cardiogenic shock in the days following a myocardial infarction. The most important diagnostic investigation in evaluation of these complications is echocardiography. Although there is a role for mechanical circulatory support, urgent surgical repair is required in most cases. We will review the predictors, clinical features, diagnostic, and management strategies in patients with these complications.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardial Infarction; Shock, Cardiogenic; Echocardiography; Ventricular Septum
PubMed: 36075485
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.08.017 -
Primary Care Sep 2000Cardiovascular death is the number one cause of death in the United States, with a rate that is more than double that for cancer. Over half of these cardiovascular... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular death is the number one cause of death in the United States, with a rate that is more than double that for cancer. Over half of these cardiovascular deaths are due to acute myocardial infarction. Management of the patient with acute myocardial infarction during and after hospitalization is discussed with an emphasis on primary and secondary prevention, patient autonomy and decision making. There is also a review of the directions that treatment of acute myocardial infarction will take in the future.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Agents; Critical Care; Female; Humans; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Revascularization; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
PubMed: 10918673
DOI: 10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70167-6 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Mar 2019
Review
Topics: Electrocardiography; Humans; Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 30830611
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-0223-3 -
Acute myocardial infarction in the diabetic patient: pathophysiology, clinical course and prognosis.Journal of the American College of... Sep 1992Although there have been significant advances in the care of many of the extrapancreatic manifestations of diabetes, acute myocardial infarction continues to be a major... (Review)
Review
Although there have been significant advances in the care of many of the extrapancreatic manifestations of diabetes, acute myocardial infarction continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Factors unique to diabetes increase atherosclerotic plaque formation and thrombosis, thereby contributing to myocardial infarction. Autonomic neuropathy may predispose to infarction and result in atypical presenting symptoms in the diabetic patient, making diagnosis difficult and delaying treatment. The clinical course of myocardial infarction is frequently complicated and carries a higher mortality rate in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic patient. Although the course and pathophysiology of myocardial infarction differ to some degree in diabetic patients from those in patients without diabetes, much more remains to be known to formulate more effective treatment strategies in this high risk subgroup.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 1512357
DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90033-j -
Journal of the American College of... Nov 2007
Topics: Biomarkers; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Revascularization; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 18036459
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.011 -
Herz Sep 2020
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 32876779
DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04969-1 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Apr 2023Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the life-threatening coronary-associated pathologies characterized by sudden cardiac death. The provision of complete insight into... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the life-threatening coronary-associated pathologies characterized by sudden cardiac death. The provision of complete insight into MI complications along with designing a preventive program against MI seems necessary.
METHODS
Various databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar search engine) were hired for comprehensive searching. The keywords of "Prevalence", "Outbreak", "Burden", "Myocardial Infarction", "Myocardial Infarct", and "Heart Attack" were hired with no time/language restrictions. Collected data were imported into the information management software (EndNote v.8x). Also, citations of all relevant articles were screened manually. The search was updated on 2022.9.13 prior to the publication.
RESULTS
Twenty-two eligible studies with a sample size of 2,982,6717 individuals (< 60 years) were included for data analysis. The global prevalence of MI in individuals < 60 years was found 3.8%. Also, following the assessment of 20 eligible investigations with a sample size of 5,071,185 individuals (> 60 years), this value was detected at 9.5%.
CONCLUSION
Due to the accelerated rate of MI prevalence in older ages, precise attention by patients regarding the complications of MI seems critical. Thus, determination of preventive planning along with the application of safe treatment methods is critical.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 37087452
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03231-w -
Journal of the American College of... Apr 2021
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
PubMed: 33858623
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.003