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Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... May 2019Heart myxomas have been frequently considered as benign lesions associated with Carney's complex. However, after surgical removal, myxomas re-emerge causing...
PURPOSE
Heart myxomas have been frequently considered as benign lesions associated with Carney's complex. However, after surgical removal, myxomas re-emerge causing dysfunctional heart.
METHODS
To identify whether cardiac myxomas may develop a metastatic phenotype as occurs in malignant cancers, a profile of several proteins involved in malignancy such as oncogenes (c-MYC, K-RAS and H-RAS), cancer-associated metabolic transcriptional factors (HIF-1α, p53 and PPAR-γ) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins (fibronectin, vimentin, β-catenin, SNAIL and MMP-9) were evaluated in seven samples from a cohort of patients with atrial and ventricular myxomas. The analysis was also performed in: (1) cardiac tissue surrounding the area where myxoma was removed; (2) non-cancer heart tissue (NCHT); and (3) malignant triple negative breast cancer biopsies for comparative purposes.
RESULTS
Statistical analysis applying univariate (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests) and multivariate analyses (PCA, principal component analysis) revealed that heart myxomas (7-15 times) and myxoma surrounding tissue (22-99 times) vs. NCHT showed high content of c-MYC, p53, vimentin, and HIF-1α, indicating that both myxoma and its surrounding area express oncogenes and malignancy-related proteins as occurs in triple negative breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on ROC (receiver operating characteristics) statistical analysis, c-MYC, HIF-1α, p53, and vimentin may be considered potential biomarkers for malignancy detection in myxoma.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Echocardiography; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Oncogenes; Phenotype; Proteome; Proteomics; ROC Curve; Rats
PubMed: 30900156
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02897-0 -
Folia Morphologica 2023Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumours in adults. They usually present as a solitary, solid mass in the left atrium. Their most common radiographic... (Review)
Review
Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumours in adults. They usually present as a solitary, solid mass in the left atrium. Their most common radiographic appearance is that of a hypodense lesion on computed tomography (CT) and inhomogeneous lesion (hypo to isointense on T1 sequences and hyperintense on T2 sequences) on magnetic resonance (MR) with some contrast enhancement. However, different patterns are recognized due to secondary changes within the tumour. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with a hypervascular myxoma. The lesion was a sessile mass located in the left atrium and rigidly attached to the interatrial septum. On CT and MR, it showed vivid contrast enhancement due to intratumoural flush of arterial blood form branches of dominant left circumflex artery and a possible fistula to the left atrium. Furthermore, we review the literature for different atypical radiographic appearances of myxomas.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myxoma
PubMed: 35411543
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0040 -
International Journal of Clinical... Nov 2021Aortic valve myxoma is the rarest location of the most common primary tumour of cardiac origin. Because of the paucity of data, there is little known about their...
BACKGROUND
Aortic valve myxoma is the rarest location of the most common primary tumour of cardiac origin. Because of the paucity of data, there is little known about their clinical presentation, diagnosis and complications.
METHODS
PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE were systematically searched to identify all published cases of aortic valve myxoma through October 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to report the data.
RESULTS
Aortic valve myxomas were more prevalent in young (mean age 41 years) male (75%) patients. It most commonly involved the right coronary cusp (50%). Cerebrovascular events (25%), dyspnoea (18.8%), and distal embolisation (18.8%) were found to be the most frequent complications. Echocardiography remains the diagnostic modality of choice in all cases, histopathology is used for confirmation. Most cases were treated with surgical excision (94%); concomitant aortic valve repair and mechanical aortic valve replacement were performed in 25% and 37.5% cases respectively. Sudden cardiac death was noted in one patient.
CONCLUSION
Aortic valve myxomas are more often than not discovered in the context of embolic phenomenon or dyspnoea. The most feared complication is stroke, although mortality remains low in surgically managed cases.
Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Echocardiography; Humans; Male; Myxoma; Stroke
PubMed: 34165869
DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14566 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Dec 2022Atrial myxomas account for approximately 50% of all primary cardiac tumors. The size, location, risk of embolic event, and involvement of other cardiac structures, are...
BACKGROUND
Atrial myxomas account for approximately 50% of all primary cardiac tumors. The size, location, risk of embolic event, and involvement of other cardiac structures, are all factors that contribute to the wide range of presentation for cardiac myxomas. Patients with myxomas may remain asymptomatic, while others may report symptoms such as fatigue and fever, dyspnea, and syncope. It is important to recognize arrhythmias as an uncommon symptom of myxomas.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a rare case of a 67-year-old man who presented with pre-syncopal episodes, symptomatic bradycardia, and night sweats found to have a 5.5 × 5.1 × 3 cm myxoma in the left atrium. During diastole the mass caused dynamic flow obstruction across the mitral valve. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass given his symptomatology and risk of embolic events. Removal of the myxoma resulted in resolution of both pre-syncopal episodes and the patient's sinus bradycardia.
CONCLUSION
Atrial myxomas are a rare cause of pre-syncope and symptomatic bradycardia. It is important to have a clinical suspicion for atrial myxomas given early diagnosis and surgical intervention are key in improving the prognosis of these patients. This case also highlights the importance of taking into account the source of the myxoma's blood supply in relationship to other cardiac structures, and further correlating these findings with clinical symptoms.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Bradycardia; Atrial Fibrillation; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Syncope; Myxoma
PubMed: 36585613
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-03018-5 -
Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ... Jul 2016Myxoma is a slow growing, benign neoplasm, which pathogenesis still remains disputed. The lesion has well-defined borders but a true capsule is absent. Because of that...
Myxoma is a slow growing, benign neoplasm, which pathogenesis still remains disputed. The lesion has well-defined borders but a true capsule is absent. Because of that myxoma can be locally invasive causing bone destruction. A change is mainly observed among persons between 20-30 years of age and is very uncommon in the pediatric population. Most myxomas are observed in myocardium, but rarely may also manifest in the head and neck region. In the paper we describe an unusual case of myxoma of maxillary sinus in a female infant. Diagnostic challenges, treatment, outcome, post-operative follow-up are discussed as well as a review of the literature in order to present many features of this rare pathology.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Maxillary Sinus; Myxoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27734819
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Cardiology Feb 2011We report on a family of 4 members, all of whom have had multifocal, recurrent atrial myxomas associated with skin pigmentation, melanotic schwannomas, mucocutaneous... (Review)
Review
We report on a family of 4 members, all of whom have had multifocal, recurrent atrial myxomas associated with skin pigmentation, melanotic schwannomas, mucocutaneous myxomas, and tumors of the ovary and pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid glands. Immunochemistry of the myxoma cells is positive for calretinin, confirming their neuroendocrine origin. Genetic studies confirmed mutations in the gene coding protein kinase A, regulatory subunit 1-α (PRKAR1α). This is Carney's complex, characterized by multiple, mucocutaneous myxomas; pigmented lesions over the lips, conjunctiva, and genitalia; adenomas of the breast and thyroid; schwannomas; and endocrinal abnormalities including Cushing syndrome and acromegaly. Members of the family require vigorous screening, including urinary free cortisol, plasma transforming growth factor-β(1) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, testicular ultrasound, routine echocardiographic screening, searches for cardiac and mucocutaneous myxomas in multiple locations, and genetic studies for the PRKAR1α gene sequence.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carney Complex; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Middle Aged; Mutation; Myxoma; Recurrence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21298650
DOI: 10.1002/clc.20845 -
Annales de Pathologie Jun 2010Odontogenic myxoma is an uncommon tumor that represent less than 0,5% of all bone tumors and only 3 to 6% of odontogenic tumors. The aim of this article was to catalogue... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Odontogenic myxoma is an uncommon tumor that represent less than 0,5% of all bone tumors and only 3 to 6% of odontogenic tumors. The aim of this article was to catalogue the clinical cases diagnosed microscopically as odontogenic myxoma and to describe their clinical and radiographic characteristics, comparing these to the data found in the current literature.
DESIGN
Histological and immunocytochemical examinations were performed on odontogenic myxomas from four Tunisian patients in a period of 23 years.
RESULTS
In the present series, two were male and two female. The age at diagnosis ranged from 19 to 38 years. Three tumors involved the mandible and one occurred in the maxilla. In all cases with radiographic records, lesions presented with a multilocular and osteolytic appearance. Histologically, odontogenic myxomas were mainly composed of spindled or stellate-shaped cells in a mucoid-rich intercellular and alcian blue positive matrix. All cases were treated by tumor-enucleation. There was no evidence of recurrence after 2 to 8 years.
CONCLUSION
Clinical and radiological aspects of odontogenic myxomas are not conclusive; a histopathological examination of the lesion is mandatory in order to make the right diagnosis. Because of its high rate of recurrence, surgical treatment through bone resection is the most indicated treatment modality, and the patient must be followed-up closely for years.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Myxoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Young Adult
PubMed: 20621593
DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2010.03.002 -
Heart Disease (Hagerstown, Md.) 2003Atrial myxomas are the most common benign primary tumor of the heart and occur in as many as 3 in 1000 patients. These tumors are a major cause of patient morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Atrial myxomas are the most common benign primary tumor of the heart and occur in as many as 3 in 1000 patients. These tumors are a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. Although the majority of atrial myxomas occur in the left atrium, 3 separate familial myxoma syndromes can result in multiple myxomas in atypical locations. Approximately 50% of patients with myxomas may experience symptoms due to central or peripheral embolism or intracardiac obstruction, but 10% of patients may be completely asymptomatic. Screening for myxomas should involve a thorough history and physical examination and a transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiogram. Transthoracic echocardiography is approximately 95% sensitive for the detection of cardiac myxomas, and transesophageal echocardiography approaches 100% sensitivity. Though the majority of atrial myxomas are sporadic, it is imperative that first-degree relatives of patients with documented myxomas undergo screening for occult myxomas. Surgical removal of the myxoma is the treatment of choice and usually curative; however, myxoma recurrence does occur and is most frequently associated with a familial syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Myxoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 12783636
DOI: 10.1097/01.hdx.0000074515.95567.92 -
Lasers in Medical Science Jan 2023It was to report a rare case of peripheral odontogenic myxoma removed with high-power diode laser and to do an extensive review of studies of odontogenic cysts and... (Review)
Review
It was to report a rare case of peripheral odontogenic myxoma removed with high-power diode laser and to do an extensive review of studies of odontogenic cysts and tumors treated with high-power laser (HPL). This is a rare case of a 63-year-old male patient with a peripheral odontogenic myxoma measuring approximately 10 cm in the attached gingiva region of tooth 16 removed with a high-power diode laser (808 nm, 3 W, in continuous mode, under constant suction, with 400-µm optical fiber). A literature review was also carried out looking for articles that involved the use of HPL in the treatment of odontogenic cysts and tumors, without restriction of year or language. In the present case, there was no need for suturing, no postoperative discomfort, and minimal bleeding during the procedure. In a 12-month follow-up period, there were no signs of recurrence. Only two cases of intra-osseous odontogenic myxomas treated with HPL and 10 cases involving other odontogenic cysts and tumors were found. All studies showing HPL to be effective in treating these lesions. Despite the different types of lasers used and different parameters, it is observed that lasers are effective in the treatment of odontogenic lesions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Lasers, Semiconductor; Myxoma; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 36630018
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03705-5 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kardiologie Feb 1992Left-atrial myxomas produce a broad array of clinical symptoms depending on their location, size, and morphology. The clinical presentation is characterized by... (Review)
Review
Left-atrial myxomas produce a broad array of clinical symptoms depending on their location, size, and morphology. The clinical presentation is characterized by obstruction of blood flow, systemic embolism, and unspecific systemic effects. Within 6 weeks, three patients presented in our clinic with left-atrial myxomas. Primary differential diagnoses were infective endocarditis, circulatory collapse, and transient ischemic attack of unknown origin. In all cases diagnosis was made with echocardiography (m-mode, 2D, TEE). In this review the etiology, epidemiology, and pathology are reported briefly. The variety of clinical symptoms with the corresponding differential diagnosis is presented systematically and discussed with our patients. Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects are summarized.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography; Embolism; Endocarditis; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myxoma
PubMed: 1549924
DOI: No ID Found