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West African Journal of Medicine 1998Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumours. They are usually benign and have variable presentation. Although rare, atrial myxomas are the most important cardiac... (Review)
Review
Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumours. They are usually benign and have variable presentation. Although rare, atrial myxomas are the most important cardiac tumours to diagnose, as they have an excellent prognosis following surgical excision. We report a 56 year old man who presented with features of both right and left heart failure. Ausculation of the heart revealed an apical mid diastolic murmur. Two-dimensional colour flow Doppler echocardiography revealed a pedunculated left atrial myxoma that prolapsed into the mitral valve orifice in diastole producing functional mitral valve stenosis. The patient underwent a successful surgical excision of the tumour. The diagnosis and management of atrial myxomas is reviewed.
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; Ghana; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Myxoma
PubMed: 9643162
DOI: No ID Found -
Comprehensive Therapy Apr 1987The evaluation of a patient suspected of having an atrial myxoma is based initially on a unique association of physical findings and symptoms referrable to obstructive,... (Review)
Review
The evaluation of a patient suspected of having an atrial myxoma is based initially on a unique association of physical findings and symptoms referrable to obstructive, embolic, and/or constitutional manifestations of the tumor. Objective confirmation is sought with the use of M-mode and 2D echocardiography. A nondiagnostic echocardiogram, especially with recurrent or progressive symptoms and signs of atrial myxoma, should prompt more invasive methods of confirmation. The hemodynamic and angiographic data previously discussed may provide the clues needed for diagnosis, especially with nonprolapsing myxomas. The use of other techniques, such as a gated blood pool scanning or computerized tomography, affects primarily the incidental discovery of a "silent" tumor. Urgent surgical removal of the myxoma is mandatory to avoid progressive obstructive and embolic complications. Postoperative examination should be directed specifically at evaluating the patient for intracardiac tumor recurrence or growth of a peripheral embolic fragment. The incidence of these complications is small, but they are frequently overlooked. A second echocardiogram should be obtained as an initial baseline study. The asymptomatic patient should have subsequent routine clinical examinations to detect the growth of tumor embolic fragments and an echocardiographic examination every year or two to detect intracardiac tumor recurrence. Immediate evaluation is necessary should the patient develop recurrent symptoms.
Topics: Embolism; Heart Function Tests; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma; Physical Examination
PubMed: 3552395
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jan 2024Left atrial myxoma is the most common benign tumor, with the growth rate remaining unknown because specific symptoms do not present until the tumor grows to a certain... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Left atrial myxoma is the most common benign tumor, with the growth rate remaining unknown because specific symptoms do not present until the tumor grows to a certain size. Early surgical management is performed in most cases once it is detected by physicians. Despite cardiac myxomas commonly being perceived as slow-growing tumors, rapid enlargement of myxomas has been reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 64-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of a left atrial tumor. The pointed tumor changed morphologically in a few hours, and her respiratory condition, which had been normal at admission, suddenly deteriorated. Emergent surgery was performed, and the diagnosis was myxoma with multiple intratumor massive hematomas. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 12 without any complications.
CONCLUSIONS
We report an extremely rare case of left atrial myxoma rapidly expanded due to acute multiple hemorrhages within itself. Massive internal hemorrhage alters the size, shape, and fragility of the tumor. We should recognize the potential risk of internal hemorrhage that may lead to acute deterioration of the so-called "slow-growing benign" tumors, such as myxomas.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Heart Neoplasms; Hemorrhage; Myxoma; Heart Atria; Hematoma
PubMed: 38245766
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02495-3 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2021Primary cardiac tumors are an extremely rare pathology, representing only 5-10% of cardiac neoplasms, but among them, the most common are cardiac myxomas, that appear to...
Primary cardiac tumors are an extremely rare pathology, representing only 5-10% of cardiac neoplasms, but among them, the most common are cardiac myxomas, that appear to originate from multipotent mesenchymal cells of the subendocardial and endocardial stroma. The incidence of cardiac myxomas is higher in females and they are usually diagnosed between the fourth and sixth decade of life. Most often, they are located in the left atrium, having the site of attachment at the level of the interatrial septum, especially at the level of the fossa ovalis and the adjacent limbus. Due to the increased risk of systemic embolization and intracardiac obstruction, cardiac myxomas have a definite indication for emergency surgical treatment. Cardiac myxomas are a very rare cause of transient ischemic attacks and stroke. We present the case of a 38-year-old patient who experienced four recurrent transient ischemic attacks and strokes. At the fourth cerebrovascular event, echocardiography was performed and it revealed a giant tumor located in the left atrium that was surgically removed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac myxoma. The postoperative evolution was favorable, both from a neurological and cardiac point of view. Although cardiac myxomas represent a rare cause of transient ischemic attacks and stroke, they must be considered as part of the assessment protocol for cerebrovascular events.
Topics: Adult; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma; Stroke
PubMed: 35024724
DOI: 10.47162/RJME.62.2.02 -
Heart, Lung & Circulation Oct 2007Although cardiac myxomas remain an uncommon group of malignancies, they are the most common form of primary cardiac tumour. Clinical presentations can be varied with...
Although cardiac myxomas remain an uncommon group of malignancies, they are the most common form of primary cardiac tumour. Clinical presentations can be varied with local cardiac haemodynamic consequences, valvular insufficiency or even embolic phenomena. We present a case of a 46-year-old man with chronic abdominal pain and discuss a number of diagnostic challenges that were confronted up until a definitive diagnosis of cardiac myxoma was made. The resultant outcome was excellent with the patient achieving complete recovery from long term disabling symptoms.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Echocardiography; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myxoma
PubMed: 17446132
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2006.08.009 -
The Australian and New Zealand Journal... Aug 1978Myxomas of the intraventricular cavity are extremely rare, and those of right ventricular origin are the least frequent. Only three cases of myxoma of the tricuspid...
Myxomas of the intraventricular cavity are extremely rare, and those of right ventricular origin are the least frequent. Only three cases of myxoma of the tricuspid valve have so far been reported. In this communication a myxoma of the tricuspid valve in a 23-year-old woman is reported because of its unusual and interesting clinical presentation and the extreme rarity of this lesion.
Topics: Adult; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Myxoma; Tricuspid Valve
PubMed: 282878
DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb04893.x -
Journal of Comparative Pathology 2001Myxomas of the joints are extremely rare in domestic animals, only four cases, all in dogs, having been reported previously. This paper describes a myxoma originating...
Myxomas of the joints are extremely rare in domestic animals, only four cases, all in dogs, having been reported previously. This paper describes a myxoma originating from the synovium of the right radiocarpal joint of a mature female Dobermann pinscher with right front limb lameness. The tumour was excised surgically and no recurrence was detected during a 2-year follow-up period. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells reacted with antibodies to vimentin and S100 protein but not with antibodies to cytokeratins (high and low molecular weight) or human callus keratin.
Topics: Animals; Carpus, Animal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Foot Diseases; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lameness, Animal; Myxoma; S100 Proteins; Vimentin
PubMed: 11222022
DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2000.0451 -
Annals of Surgery May 1976During the past 12 years, 13 patients with atrial (10 left and 3 right) myxoma have been treated. The tumors of the left atrium produced signs and symptoms of mitral...
During the past 12 years, 13 patients with atrial (10 left and 3 right) myxoma have been treated. The tumors of the left atrium produced signs and symptoms of mitral valve obstruction and/or subacute bacterial endocarditis and those of the right atrium manifestations of tricuspid valve disease or of pulmonary embolus or hypertension. The diagnosis was established by angiocardiography in 8 patients, at surgery performed for suspected mitral stenosis in 3 patients, and at autopsy in 2 patients. Resection of the atrial myxoma alone in 5 patients or with atrial septum where the atrial myxoma was attached in 4 or with the whole right atrial wall where the atrial myxoma was attached in one patient was performed and all are doing well without evidence of recurrence. Studies of experimentally produced 1.5-3 cm in diameter left atrial thrombus in 30 dogs divided into 5 groups and followed cineangiocardiographically and sacrificed from 14 days to 6 months indicated that the implanted thrombus is absorbed over a 3 to 6 month period. These experimental and human left atrial thrombi were found to be histologically and histochemically different from human atrial myxomas. The electron microscopic studies performed on some of the resected atrial myxomas suggested that the atrial myxoma cells are active cells of endotheilial origin. These observations suggest that atrial myxoma is a primary tumor of the heart which can mimic other clinical entities, and the results of its surgical treatment are gratifying and long lasting.
Topics: Angiocardiography; Animals; Chondroitin Sulfates; Dogs; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Myxoma
PubMed: 1275588
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197605000-00003 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Computed... 2017Although the primary role of Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is assessment of the coronary arteries, the technique also allows detailed examination of cardiac...
BACKGROUND
Although the primary role of Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is assessment of the coronary arteries, the technique also allows detailed examination of cardiac structures and other cardiac pathologies including cardiac myxoma. However, limited data exists regarding the CCT characteristics of cardiac myxoma.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the radiological characteristics of a series of cardiac myxomas in CCT.
METHODS
We retrospectively identified all patients at our tertiary urban referral centre with cardiac myxoma on CCT over a seven-year period between July 2008 and July 2015. We describe the CCT characteristics of eight cases. Seven of them had histologically documented myxoma after surgical removal, while one patient had a lesion suggestive of myxoma on echocardiography and CCT.
RESULTS
Eight patients were diagnosed with cardiac myxoma, comprising five females and three males. Seven of eight myxomas were located in the left atrium and one in the right atrium. Seven myxomas were polypoid in shape and one myxoma was villous. The average size was 22 × 26 mm. Calcification was present in half of the myxomas and average attenuation was 74 ± 46 Hounsfield Units.
CONCLUSION
CCT has an important role in assessment of cardiac structures. This series highlights the radiological characteristics of cardiac myxoma.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcinosis; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myxoma; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tumor Burden; Victoria
PubMed: 28202247
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2017.02.002 -
Virchows Archiv : An International... Feb 2023Systemic and cerebral embolisms are serious complications of associated with cardiac myxoma. Embolism risk reportedly depends on the gross and histological morphology....
Systemic and cerebral embolisms are serious complications of associated with cardiac myxoma. Embolism risk reportedly depends on the gross and histological morphology. This study is aimed at analyzing the morphologic pattern of excised cardiac myxoma as a high-risk embolic cause. Between 1978 and April 2022, 116 surgical specimens of cardiac myxomas were recorded at the pathology department of our hospital. The tumors were classified into three types based on their macroscopic shapes and external morphology-round-smooth, irregular, and villous-to investigate the embolic complications. Of the 116 specimens, 106 macroscopic images of cardiac myxoma (89% were located in the left atrium) were prepared. Round-smooth types were found in 36 (34.0%) patients, irregular types in 32 (30.2%) patients, and the villous types in 38 (35.8%) patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that a villous external appearance was an independent predictor of embolic events (odds ratio: 8.7; 95% confidence interval: 2.4-42.1; p < 0.001). Villous external appearance of cardiac myxoma was associated with the highest risk of distal embolism.
Topics: Humans; Embolism; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Myxoma
PubMed: 36441241
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03461-x