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Mycologia 2005Myxomycetes are protists whose life cycle depends on aerially dispersed spores that germinate into motile myxamoebae, which then pair and fuse to form a larger, motile...
Myxomycetes are protists whose life cycle depends on aerially dispersed spores that germinate into motile myxamoebae, which then pair and fuse to form a larger, motile plasmodium. The plasmodium seeks out a suitable fruiting site (usually atop vegetative material or detritus) and transforms into fruiting bodies that release the spores. In this paper we report the first known instance of a myxomycete, in this case Physarum pusillum, sporulating on the body of a living animal, the cryptic lizard Corytophanes cristatus, which was collected in eastern Honduras in 2003.
Topics: Animals; Honduras; Lizards; Microscopy; Physarum; Skin; Spores, Protozoan
PubMed: 16396342
DOI: 10.3852/mycologia.97.2.346 -
Mycopathologia Et Mycologia Applicata Dec 1965
Topics: Culture Media; Myxomycetes
PubMed: 5896242
DOI: 10.1007/BF02053774 -
Journal of Cellular and Comparative... Aug 1952
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actomyosin; Myxomycetes; Plasmodium
PubMed: 12981137
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1030400109 -
Mycologia 2006The ecological community of myxomycetes and myxomycete-like organisms (MMLO) in the canopy of living deciduous trees was studied in a riparian deciduous forest at...
The ecological community of myxomycetes and myxomycete-like organisms (MMLO) in the canopy of living deciduous trees was studied in a riparian deciduous forest at Leipzig, Germany. A systematic survey carried out with a total of 146 moist chamber cultures resulted in 386 records of 37 taxa, with 32 myxomycetes, two myxobacteria, two protostelids and the fruit body forming ciliate Sorogena stoianovitchae, the latter recorded for the first time for Europe. With 94% of all cultures positive for MMLO, these organisms are present consistently in the investigated sections of white-rotten twigs attached to living trees at 10-30 m above the ground. Our sampling recovered a majority of the likely species, with 37 out of the 42-45 predicted according to a species-accumulation curve and two other estimators of species richness. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed pH, water-holding capacity and stage of decay to explain most of the variation in species distribution. Arcyria cinerea and Perichaena depressa as the most common species occurred in 32% and 29% of all samples, respectively. Viewing the sampled twigs as habitat islands and a single spore as sufficient to establish a population, a simulation program assuming a random spore rain estimated an average of 0.4 and 0.35 spore hits per twig as necessary to explain the observed frequencies. This is matched by the potential productivity of the substrate. All fruit bodies from the cultured twigs would be able to create a spore rain of 86 (A. cinerea) or 40 (P. depressa) spore hits per twig when dispersed evenly over the plot. The terminal fall velocity of spores was measured, revealing that it took about 5 h for a spore to land (30 m) in still air and indicating high dispersal ability for canopy-inhabiting MMLO.
Topics: Animals; Ciliophora; Climate; Ecosystem; Myxomycetes; Trees
PubMed: 16894967
DOI: 10.3852/mycologia.98.2.223 -
European Journal of Biochemistry Dec 1971
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Esters; Ethanol; Methylation; Myxomycetes; Oxidation-Reduction; Sterols; Tritium
PubMed: 5167779
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01652.x -
Theory in Biosciences = Theorie in Den... Sep 2022Fifty years ago, the enigmatic Brazilian myxomycete-species Didymium aquatile was described and analyzed with respect to the structure of the plasmodium and its spores....
Fifty years ago, the enigmatic Brazilian myxomycete-species Didymium aquatile was described and analyzed with respect to the structure of the plasmodium and its spores. In this study, we compare this rare plasmodial slime mold with another, temporarily aquatic taxon from Europe, Didymium nigripes. Phenotypic plasticity of D. nigripes was investigated under various environmental conditions. Large changes in the morphology of the plasmodia were observed. For species identification, characteristics of the fruiting bodies are key features. However, Didymium aquatile was only characterized by its "abnormal" plasmodia, but no molecular data were available. Here, we analyzed DNA-sequences of 22 species of the genera Didymium and Diderma with a focus on this South American taxon via molecular genetics. A comparison of 18S-rDNA-sequences from D. aquatile and 21 other Didymium (and Diderma)-species indicates that D. aquatile is a reproductively isolated morpho-species. Phenotypic plasticity of D. nigripes is documented with respect to plasmodium morphology and the formation of fruiting bodies, as an example of an adaptation of a terrestrial species to aquatic environments.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Myxomycetes; Phylogeny
PubMed: 36029433
DOI: 10.1007/s12064-022-00375-9 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters Aug 2007To determine the stereochemistry of dihydroarcyriarubin C (1), new bisindole alkaloid isolated from the myxomycete Arcyria ferruginea, cis- (2) and...
To determine the stereochemistry of dihydroarcyriarubin C (1), new bisindole alkaloid isolated from the myxomycete Arcyria ferruginea, cis- (2) and trans-dihydroarcyriarubin C (3) were synthesized. Comparison of their NMR characteristics allowed the trans stereochemistry of the natural product to be confirmed. Moreover, the Wnt signal inhibitory activities of 2 and 3 were compared with that of arcyriaflavin C (4), which is a natural product containing a bond between C-2 and C-2'. The cis-dihydroarcyriarubin C (2) showed moderate inhibition of Wnt signal transcription, which suggests that bisindole frameworks might be useful as small-molecule Wnt signal inhibitors.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Myxomycetes; Signal Transduction; Stereoisomerism; Wnt Proteins
PubMed: 17531487
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.033 -
International Review of Cytology 1964
Review
Topics: Amoeba; Cytoplasm; Membranes; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Myxomycetes
PubMed: 5337031
DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60294-6 -
Protist Oct 2022Spore size enables dispersal in plasmodial slime molds (Myxomycetes) and is an important taxonomic character. We recorded size and the number of nuclei per spore for 39...
Spore size enables dispersal in plasmodial slime molds (Myxomycetes) and is an important taxonomic character. We recorded size and the number of nuclei per spore for 39 specimens (colonies of 50-1000 sporocarps) of the nivicolous myxomycete Physarum albescens, a morphologically defined taxon with several biological species. For each colony, three sporocarps were analyzed from the same spore mount under brightfield and DAPI-fluorescence, recording ca. 14,000 spores per item. Diagrams for spore size distribution showed narrow peaks of mostly uninucleate spores. Size was highly variable within morphospecies (10.6-13.5 µm, 11-13%), biospecies (3-13%), even within spatially separated colonies of one clone (ca. 8%); but fairly constant for a colony (mean variation 0.4 µm, ca. 1.5%). ANOVA explains most of this variation by the factor locality (within all colonies: 32.7%; within a region: 21.4%), less by biospecies (13.5%), whereas the contribution of intra-colony variation was negligible (<0.1%). Two rare aberrations occur: 1) multinucleate spores and 2) oversized spores with a double or triple volume of normal spores. Both are not related to each other or limited to certain biospecies. Spore size shows high phenotypic plasticity, but the low variation within a colony points to a strong genetic background.
Topics: Myxomycetes; Physarum; Spores, Protozoan; Cell Nucleus
PubMed: 36037769
DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125904 -
Journal of Theoretical Biology Nov 1973
Topics: Cell Aggregation; Chemotaxis; Cyclic AMP; Diffusion; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Morphogenesis; Myxomycetes; Time Factors
PubMed: 4357384
DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(73)90149-5