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The Clinical Neuropsychologist Nov 2016This invited paper explores the diverse pathways that have led to the development of neuropsychology in Mexico. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This invited paper explores the diverse pathways that have led to the development of neuropsychology in Mexico.
METHOD
The authors conducted a review of the literature and their own experiences to describe the seminal events and people relevant to the development of this area of research and practice.
RESULTS
The master's degree is the usual level of educational attainment for those who wish to practice clinical neuropsychology. As of now, there is not a board certification process in neuropsychology, although there is one in clinical psychology.
CONCLUSIONS
Neuropsychology and other mental health disciplines in Mexico and Latin America have historically been poorly funded, and have lacked optimal means of communication as to research findings and clinical initiatives and standards. However, there is reason to think that this will be improved upon in coming years.
Topics: Certification; Humans; Mexico; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Psychology; Psychology, Clinical
PubMed: 27603048
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1226387 -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Nov 2016This is an invited paper for a special issue with the objective to provide information on neuropsychology in India. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This is an invited paper for a special issue with the objective to provide information on neuropsychology in India.
METHOD
Information was gathered from a literature search and personal communication with professionals working in the field of neuropsychology.
RESULTS
Neuropsychology as a specialization started in India approximately 40 years ago. The early years witnessed the use of Western tools for assessing patients with organic brain damage. Subsequent years saw the development of indigenous tools for use with the vast majority of the Indian population and also a few Western tests adapted to suit the needs of the unique Indian clientele. The starting of the Neuropsychology unit at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in Bangalore in 1975 resulted in changing of the course of training and practice of Neuropsychology. The field of assessments has witnessed indigenous tests being developed, while rehabilitation programs have brought about a decline in cognitive deficits in several clinical conditions. Currently, work within the field of neuropsychology has focused on child, geriatric, acquired brain injury, and forensic populations with a development of unique rehabilitations to suit needs of several clinical conditions. However, there are very few neuropsychologists in the country, and only one nodal training center, which limits the availability of training to the large population of the country.
CONCLUSION
Despite the shortcomings, the field of neuropsychology has received much attention in the recent years with the number of referrals and professionals increasing.
Topics: Brain Injuries; Cognition Disorders; Communication; Humans; India; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Psychology
PubMed: 27685437
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1197314 -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Apr 2023This review provides a summary of historical details and current practice activities related to Forensic Neuropsychology (FN). Under the auspices of the American Board... (Review)
Review
This review provides a summary of historical details and current practice activities related to Forensic Neuropsychology (FN). Under the auspices of the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN), the Forensic Neuropsychology Special Interest Group (FNSIG) views the FN as a subspecialty, which has developed over time as the straightforward result of more than 20 years of numerous publications, extensive continuing education, focused research and growth of forensic practice within neuropsychology. In this article, the FNSIG core work group documents and integrates information that is the basis of efforts to consolidate practice knowledge and facilitate attainment of forensic practice competencies by clinical neuropsychologists. Overview of continuing education topics at professional conferences, search results that identify relevant books and peer-reviewed publications, as well as pertinent findings across years of large-scale national survey results. Relevant evidence has shown for decades that FN is prominent within Clinical Neuropsychology as practiced in the United States and Canada. A majority of U.S. neuropsychologists have received FN training and provide forensic evaluation services. FN practice time per week is considerable for many practitioners, and across survey epochs has been shown to be increasing. The present review leads to the conclusion that in the interest of promoting the acquisition of competence, FN practice should remain a focal point of training and continuing education. Alternate routes to attain competence are discussed, as are ongoing professional activities that undoubtedly will ensure continued growth of, and interest in, the subspecialty of FN.
Topics: Humans; United States; Neuropsychology; Neuropsychological Tests; Surveys and Questionnaires; Canada
PubMed: 35658794
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2078740 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jan 2022In "network neuropsychology", network modelling and graph theory is applied to the neuropsychological test scores of patients with neurological disorders to investigate... (Review)
Review
In "network neuropsychology", network modelling and graph theory is applied to the neuropsychological test scores of patients with neurological disorders to investigate cognitive functioning. This review identifies the emerging literature on several disorders before focusing on the assumptions about cognition underlying the studies; specifically, that cognition can be thought of as a network of interrelated variables and that changes in these interrelationships, or cognitive rearrangement, can occur in neurological disorders. Next the review appraises how well network models can provide a "map" of this cognitive "territory". In particular, the review considers the lack of correspondence between the variables and properties of network models and cognitive functioning. The challenges of explicitly accounting for latent cognitive constructs and making inferences about cognition based on associative, as opposed to dissociative, methods are also discussed. It is concluded that the validity of network neuropsychological models is yet to be established and that cognitive theory and experiments, as well as network models, are needed to develop and interpret better maps.
Topics: Aptitude; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology
PubMed: 34800585
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.024 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Sep 2023The present review attempts to discuss how some of the central concepts from the Lurian corpus of theories are relevant to the modern neuropsychology of epilepsy and... (Review)
Review
The present review attempts to discuss how some of the central concepts from the Lurian corpus of theories are relevant to the modern neuropsychology of epilepsy and epilepsy surgery. Through the lenses of the main Lurian concepts (such as the qualitative syndrome analysis), we discuss the barriers to clinical reasoning imposed by quadrant-based views of the brain, or even atheoretical, statistically-based and data-driven approaches. We further advice towards a systemic view inspired by Luria's clinical work and theorizing, given their importance towards our clinical practice, by contrasting it to the modular views when appropriate. Luria provided theory-guided methods of assessment and rehabilitation of higher cortical functions. Although his work did not specifically address epilepsy, his theory and clinical approaches actually apply to the whole neuropathology spectrum and accounting for the whole panorama of neurocognition. This holistic and systemic approach to the brain is consistent with the network approach of the neuroimaging era. As to epilepsy, the logic of cognitive functions organized into complex functional systems, contrary to modular views of the brain, heralds current knowledge of epilepsy as a network disease, as well as the concept of the functional deficit zone.
Topics: Humans; Neuropsychology; Brain; Epilepsy; Cognition Disorders; Cognition
PubMed: 37793405
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770349 -
La Revue Du Praticien Dec 2023NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF MEMORY. In neuropsychology, memory is shown as a complex function composed of several memory systems. Five memory systems are proposed: working memory...
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF MEMORY. In neuropsychology, memory is shown as a complex function composed of several memory systems. Five memory systems are proposed: working memory (or short term memory), episodic memory, semantic memory, perceptive memory, and procedural memory. These different systems of individual memory interact with collective memories.
Topics: Humans; Neuropsychology; Memory
PubMed: 38294469
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the International... Oct 2017Over the past 50 years, research on children and adults with learning disabilities has seen significant advances. Neuropsychological research historically focused on the... (Review)
Review
Over the past 50 years, research on children and adults with learning disabilities has seen significant advances. Neuropsychological research historically focused on the administration of tests sensitive to brain dysfunction to identify putative neural mechanisms underlying learning disabilities that would serve as the basis for treatment. Led by research on classifying and identifying learning disabilities, four pivotal changes in research paradigms have produced a contemporary scientific, interdisciplinary, and international understanding of these disabilities. These changes are (1) the emergence of cognitive science, (2) the development of quantitative and molecular genetics, (3) the advent of noninvasive structural and functional neuroimaging, and (4) experimental trials of interventions focused on improving academic skills and addressing comorbid conditions. Implications for practice indicate a need to move neuropsychological assessment away from a primary focus on systematic, comprehensive assessment of cognitive skills toward more targeted performance-based assessments of academic achievement, comorbid conditions, and intervention response that lead directly to evidence-based treatment plans. Future research will continue to cross disciplinary boundaries to address questions regarding the interaction of neurobiological and contextual variables, the importance of individual differences in treatment response, and an expanded research base on (a) the most severe cases, (b) older people with LDs, and (c) domains of math problem solving, reading comprehension, and written expression. (JINS, 2017, 23, 930-940).
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Learning Disabilities; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology
PubMed: 29198282
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617717001084 -
World Neurosurgery Feb 2023Over the last century, collaboration between clinical neuropsychologists and neurosurgeons has advanced the state of the science in both disciplines. These advances have... (Review)
Review
Over the last century, collaboration between clinical neuropsychologists and neurosurgeons has advanced the state of the science in both disciplines. These advances have provided the field of neuropsychology with many opportunities for innovation in the care of patients prior to, during, and following neurosurgical intervention. Beyond giving a general overview of how present-day advances in technology are being applied in the practice of neuropsychology within a neurological surgery department, this article outlines new developments that are currently unfolding. Improvements in remote platform, computer interface, "real-time" analytics, mobile devices, and immersive virtual reality have the capacity to increase the customization, precision, and accessibility of neuropsychological services. In doing so, such innovations have the potential to improve outcomes and ameliorate health care disparities.
Topics: Humans; Computers; Neuropsychology; Neurosurgical Procedures; Patient Care
PubMed: 36782427
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.103 -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Nov 2016The purpose of this special issue was to describe the cross-cultural differences in neuropsychology throughout the world. The current state of neuropsychology in Japan... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this special issue was to describe the cross-cultural differences in neuropsychology throughout the world. The current state of neuropsychology in Japan is discussed in this manuscript.
METHOD
Information on six topics, including (1) the history of Japanese neuropsychology, (2) licensure system, (3) job opportunities, (4) neuropsychological clinical services, (5) neuropsychological tests, and (6) neuropsychological research, was gathered via literature searches, official organization websites, and personal communication with clinical psychologists and other professionals in Japan.
RESULTS
Neuropsychology reached Japan from the west in the late 1800s, a period of rapid political and social modernization. Professional associations were founded in the 1960s and 1970s and continued to grow. The need for neuropsychological assessment in Japan is growing; however, credential requirements for neuropsychologists have not yet been established. To practice clinical psychology in Japan, one must obtain a Master's degree and pass a licensure examination that is administered by a private professional foundation. Clinical psychologists often conduct neuropsychological tests; however, they have little training in neuropsychological assessment. While many western neuropsychological tests have been translated into Japanese and are used in clinical settings, the majority of translated tests have not been standardized and their psychometric properties remain poorly understood. Standardization and development of normative data in Japan is warranted.
CONCLUSIONS
Given that needs for neuropsychological services are increasing, it is essential for clinical psychologists in Japan to improve their skills in neuropsychological evaluations. Japanese graduate schools must work to establish neuropsychology programs to educate and train clinical neuropsychologists.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Delivery of Health Care; Forecasting; Humans; Japan; Licensure, Medical; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Psychology; Psychology, Clinical; Psychometrics
PubMed: 27685253
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1204012 -
Journal of the International... Oct 2017The neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) have evolved over the past three decades. What was once thought to be a rare occurrence, cognitive dysfunction... (Review)
Review
The neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) have evolved over the past three decades. What was once thought to be a rare occurrence, cognitive dysfunction is now viewed as one of the most disabling symptoms of the disease, with devastating effects on patients' quality of life. This selective review will highlight major innovations and scientific discoveries in the areas of neuropathology, neuroimaging, diagnosis, and treatment that pertain to our understanding of the neuropsychological aspects of MS. Specifically, we focus on the recent discovery that MS produces pathogical lesions of gray matter (GM) that have consequences for cognitive functions. Methods for imaging these GM lesions in MS are discussed along with multimodal imaging studies that integrate structural and functional imaging methods to provide a better understanding of the relationship between cognitive test performance and functional reserve. Innovations in the screening and comprehensive assessment of cognitive disorders are presented along with recent research that examines cognitive dysfunction in pediatric MS. Results of innovative outcome studies in cognitive rehabilitation are discussed. Finally, we highlight trends for potential future innovations over the next decade. (JINS, 2017, 23, 832-842).
Topics: Cognition Disorders; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuroimaging; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology
PubMed: 29198279
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617717000959