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Occupational Therapy International 2018The effectiveness of sleep intervention developed by occupational therapists was reviewed, and a conceptual framework for organizing the developing practice of sleep... (Review)
Review
The effectiveness of sleep intervention developed by occupational therapists was reviewed, and a conceptual framework for organizing the developing practice of sleep management in occupational therapy was proposed in this paper. Evidence-based articles on sleep management practice in occupational therapy from 2007 to 2017 were retrieved. Four types of effective sleep management intervention were identified from the literature, including the use of assistive devices/equipment, activities, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, and lifestyle intervention, and the use of assistive device was the most popular intervention. Applying the Person-Environment-Occupation Performance (PEOP) framework, we developed a conceptual framework for organizing occupational therapy practice in sleep management. The future development of occupation-based sleep intervention could focus on strategies to (1) minimize the influence of bodily function on sleep, (2) promote environment conducive to sleep, and (3) restructure daytime activity with a focus on occupational balance.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Life Style; Models, Theoretical; Occupational Therapy; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 30150906
DOI: 10.1155/2018/8637498 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2020Trauma and stress-related mental health conditions can impact a person's ability to participate in work and can cause disruptions in employment. Best practice guidelines... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Trauma and stress-related mental health conditions can impact a person's ability to participate in work and can cause disruptions in employment. Best practice guidelines for occupational therapy return to work interventions with these populations are limited.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and describe occupational therapy return to work interventions for trauma and stress-related mental health conditions.
METHODS
Using a scoping review methodology, research databases were searched for papers relating to occupational therapy, return to work interventions, and trauma and stress-related mental health conditions. Three reviewers independently applied selection criteria and systematically extracted information. Data were extracted and synthesized in a narrative format.
RESULTS
The search produced 18 relevant papers. The interventions described were more often person-focused versus environment- and occupation-focused, and many were carried out by multidisciplinary teams, making it difficult to identify best practices for occupational therapists in this area.
CONCLUSION
Emerging practices include the Swedish "ReDO" intervention, support for active military members to manage operational stress to remain at work, and multidisciplinary team treatment. Further research, including studies with direct focus on the implications of occupational therapy interventions for return to work with trauma and stress-related mental health conditions, is required.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Therapy; Return to Work; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute
PubMed: 32310212
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203134 -
Scandinavian Journal of Occupational... Nov 2017Occupation has been the focus in occupational therapy practice to greater or lesser degrees from a historical viewpoint. This evokes a need to discuss whether concepts...
BACKGROUND
Occupation has been the focus in occupational therapy practice to greater or lesser degrees from a historical viewpoint. This evokes a need to discuss whether concepts that are added to our field will enhance or blur our focus on occupation.
AIM
To explore how the concept of participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is related to the concept of occupation by reviewing and comparing its use in three models of practice within occupational therapy. The aim was also to generate discussion on possibilities and challenges concerning the relationship of participation and occupation.
METHOD
The models reviewed were The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) and the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM).
RESULTS
The concept of participation was related to occupation in different ways in these models. Based on the review some challenges and considerations for occupational therapy were generated.
CONCLUSION
Relating the concept of participation from the ICF to the concept of occupation in models of practice can be challenging. At the same time, relating the concepts can be a resource to develop occupational therapy and the understanding of occupational issues in society.
Topics: Canada; Disabled Persons; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Models, Theoretical; Occupational Therapy; Occupations
PubMed: 27996336
DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2016.1267257 -
Scandinavian Journal of Occupational... Apr 2021Occupational therapists have sought to reconnect with the foundations of the profession for many years, and a key focus has been the place of occupation in practice.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Occupational therapists have sought to reconnect with the foundations of the profession for many years, and a key focus has been the place of occupation in practice. Existing literature suggests that therapists working in acute settings experience difficulties practicing in ways that centralise occupation.
AIM/OBJECTIVE
This scoping review aimed to explore the existing literature on contemporary occupational therapy philosophy and practice in acute hospital settings.
METHODS
A five step scoping review process was implemented. Four electronic databases were searched using a combination of search terms. Searching reference lists of papers was also completed. Results were summarised using numeric and thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty four publications were included. Four themes were identified; attitudes towards occupation-based practice, benefits of occupation-based approaches, challenges implementing occupation-based practice, and strategies to overcome challenges.
CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE
Findings highlighted therapists value occupation as an important aspect of practice, however they experience many environmental and personal challenges in acute settings. Strategies to overcome these challenges related to individual's changing their practice to be more occupation-focussed and changes within the practice context including adapting environments, documentation and intervention protocols to focus on occupation. These strategies may support therapists to align practice with their professional values.
Topics: Adult; Allied Health Personnel; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Therapists; Occupational Therapy; Philosophy, Medical; Professional Role
PubMed: 32356478
DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1750691 -
The American Journal of Occupational... 2020Research studies supporting occupational therapy interventions to address feeding, toileting, and sleep can be applied to practice in early intervention and preschool...
Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy Practice to Improve Activities of Daily Living, Rest, and Sleep for Children Ages 0-5 Years and Their Families: A Systematic Review.
IMPORTANCE
Research studies supporting occupational therapy interventions to address feeding, toileting, and sleep can be applied to practice in early intervention and preschool settings to improve the outcomes of young children and their families.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve activities of daily living, rest, and sleep for children ages 0-5 yr and their families.
DATA SOURCES
Five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, ERIC) and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness were searched for studies published between January 2000 and March 2017.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION
Inclusion criteria were Levels I-III evidence, being within occupational therapy's scope of practice, including participants with a mean age younger than 6 yr, and addressing self-care, activities of daily living, and rest and sleep.
FINDINGS
Forty articles were appraised, and three themes emerged: interventions to address feeding and eating, interventions to address toileting, and interventions to address rest and sleep. Additional subthemes of behavioral approaches, parent and caregiver education, and contextual intervention were revealed.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Occupational therapy practitioners should consider the use of interventions with moderate or strong evidence as described in this review. Limitations include risk of bias and limited evidence for several interventions.
WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS
This article provides a broader perspective on evidence-based practice by examining studies within the scope of occupational therapy practice published outside of current occupational therapy publications. The review includes studies from nutrition, nursing, and psychology, which address interdisciplinary care, family coaching and education, and behavioral approaches within the professional scope of occupational therapy to improve the functional performance, routines, and quality of life for young children and their caregivers.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Occupational Therapy; Quality of Life; Rest; Sleep
PubMed: 32204772
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.039545 -
Scandinavian Journal of Occupational... Jan 2021Theoretical ways of knowing in occupational therapy include paradigms, conceptual practice models and related knowledge. Despite the diversity of models available to...
Theoretical ways of knowing in occupational therapy include paradigms, conceptual practice models and related knowledge. Despite the diversity of models available to guide practice, there are few examples of analyses which compare and contrast their respective core concepts. The aims of this paper are to describe how the dimensions of occupation described in the Pan Occupational Paradigm pervade conceptual practice models, and are embedded within case reports of occupational therapy. A framework analysis was undertaken, using the dimensions of occupation - doing, being, becoming and belonging - as core concepts. The alignment of concepts from four widely utilised occupational therapy conceptual practice models with these dimensions were investigated and described. Four case reports developed in reference to these specific conceptual practice models were also analysed, and their expression of the core concepts and dimensions discussed. The dimensions of occupation were embedded in all reviewed conceptual practice models and case reports. The dimensions are explained in discrete, relational and embedded forms, with each conceptual practice model adopting a specific terminology and structure to describe them. The presence of all four dimensions of occupation, regardless of form, terminology or structural arrangement, is proposed as a hallmark of an occupational therapy conceptual practice model.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Occupational Therapy; Occupations; Self Concept
PubMed: 32091297
DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1726454 -
The American Journal of Occupational... Sep 1996Proceeding from the ethic that occupational therapy is the rightful keeper of its own practice and knowledge, this article strives to bring the profession's knowledge... (Review)
Review
Proceeding from the ethic that occupational therapy is the rightful keeper of its own practice and knowledge, this article strives to bring the profession's knowledge concerning the role of occupation in adaptation into sharp relief. Knowledge generated by many occupational therapists represented in the profession's historic literature, scholarship, practice models, position papers, and research is analyzed through a heuristic framework that distinguishes the process from the state of adaptation. This analysis offers evidence that, in the service of persons with profound and often medically incurable disabilities, occupational therapy has begun to explicate the role of occupation as a vital adaptive medium and cornerstone of quality in daily living. Related areas of knowledge development in which legitimate progress can be claimed are suggested. Nevertheless, it is argued that occupational therapy's knowledge must be further developed and its societal value better communicated through the concerted efforts of all practitioners, educators, and researchers.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Humans; Models, Psychological; Occupational Therapy; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Professional-Patient Relations; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 8863934
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.50.8.626 -
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal Jun 2015The term professionalism is embedded within curriculum and occupational therapy documents, yet, explicit discussion of the concept is lacking in the literature. This... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The term professionalism is embedded within curriculum and occupational therapy documents, yet, explicit discussion of the concept is lacking in the literature. This paper strives for a greater understanding of how professionalism is currently conceptualised within Western occupational therapy literature.
METHODS
A broad literature search was conducted and included international peer-reviewed and grey literature from Western cultures including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. To enrich understanding, some documents from medicine were also included.
FINDINGS
Professionalism is widely upheld as a core construct of occupational therapy. However, an evidence-based consensus of the specific elements of professionalism guiding occupational therapy practice is lacking. Currently, understanding of professionalism is largely based on multiple, isolated concepts presented in Western professional association documents.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Acknowledging the multifaceted and multicultural nature of professionalism is essential to begin systematically delineating and conceptualising elements of professionalism specific to occupational therapy.
LIMITATIONS
This review has been conducted from a solely Western cultural lens.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
Additional work to highlight differences specific to international contexts, cultures, and societal influences is needed to enrich the understanding of professionalism in occupational therapy practice.
Topics: Australia; Behavior; Clinical Competence; Communication; Cooperative Behavior; Humans; Leadership; New Zealand; North America; Occupational Therapy; Professional Practice; Professionalism; United Kingdom
PubMed: 26032014
DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12204 -
Scandinavian Journal of Occupational... Sep 2012While little is known about how occupational therapists perceive the use of occupation-focused theory in their practice, evidence indicates that it has been called for...
AIM
While little is known about how occupational therapists perceive the use of occupation-focused theory in their practice, evidence indicates that it has been called for in the profession. To date, the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) is the most widely used model internationally. The aim of this study is to document practitioners' perceptions of how using MOHO impacted on their practice.
METHODS
A descriptive study using an Internet-based survey study design was conducted with 429 therapists in six National Health Service (NHS) trusts in the UK.
RESULTS
Of the 429 therapists, 262 completed the survey, for a response rate of 61.07%. Most were female (85.5%) with a varying range of years of experience. Most worked in community and/or inpatient mental health settings; 92.1% responded that they use MOHO as their primary model. Therapists reported using MOHO moderately to greatly improve their assessment, goal setting, and conduct of relevant interventions as well as professional identity as an OT in their mental health occupational therapy practice.
CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS
This study examined therapists' perceived impact of using an occupation-focused model in mental health practice. The findings of this study provided promising results. Findings suggest that the utilization of MOHO increases service for clients and professional stature and identity for therapists.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Data Collection; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Theoretical; Occupational Therapy; United Kingdom
PubMed: 22214401
DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2011.645553 -
The American Journal of Occupational... 2002As the demographics of the United States continue to change and we become a more pluralistic society, the increased diversity of the occupational therapy workforce and... (Review)
Review
As the demographics of the United States continue to change and we become a more pluralistic society, the increased diversity of the occupational therapy workforce and our consumers calls for an examination of the profession's stance on multiculturalism and diversity. Using the metaphor of dance, this article identifies the dance partners as the organization's leaders and its members. A historical review of the profession from the 1940s to the present traces the partners' steps to determine which led the dance of diversity during the profession's development. In this review, I discovered that the period when the profession most effectively and productively explored issues of diversity was during the early- to mid-1990s--a time when the organization and its members worked in harmony. At that time, occupational therapy's dance with diversity flowed with rhythm and synchronicity.
Topics: Cultural Diversity; Curriculum; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Occupational Therapy; School Admission Criteria; Social Change; Societies, Scientific; United States
PubMed: 11905298
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.56.2.140