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Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Dec 2002To obtain normal images and sectional anatomical data of the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries, the optimal angles and the length of intracisternal segment of...
To obtain normal images and sectional anatomical data of the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries, the optimal angles and the length of intracisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve were measured on MPR images. Meanwhile, the relationships between the nerve and the basilar, posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar and posterior communicating arteries were observed from plastination slices, original images, MPR and MIP images. MRI revealed similar results to the plastination sections. The intracisternal segment of oculomotor nerve formed an angle with the posterior plane of the brainstem. The angle was significantly smaller in individuals under 10 and over 50 years old ( P<0.05), and there was no marked difference in the angle between the oculomotor nerve and the median sagittal plane among the different groups ( P>0.05). Shift of the basilar artery was more likely to be found in aged individuals. Most of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries were close to the nerve, and a few of them seemed to compress it; for the posterior communicating artery, only the embryonic type was close to or seemed to compress the nerve. MRI is an accurate imaging technique for determination of the relationship of the oculomotor nerve to its related arteries.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arteries; Basilar Artery; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Cerebral Arteries; Child; Female; Histological Techniques; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 12497217
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-002-0052-3 -
Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery : MIN Sep 2001The microsurgical anatomy of the oculomotor nerve through its intraorbital course and branching was studied in 30 specimens obtained from 15 cadaver heads fixed in...
The microsurgical anatomy of the oculomotor nerve through its intraorbital course and branching was studied in 30 specimens obtained from 15 cadaver heads fixed in formalin. The superior and inferior divisions of the oculomotor nerve were shown and neural and vascular relationships of each division were examined, then some measurements were performed. In this part of the oculomotor nerve, some critical key points to the various orbital approaches were determined and microanatomic relationships of the orbital contents were revised.
Topics: Humans; Microsurgery; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Orbit; Reference Values
PubMed: 11696883
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18120 -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2015
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Syndrome
PubMed: 25694634
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207749 -
Neurology Aug 2016
Topics: Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Humans; Ischemia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Microvessels; Muscle, Skeletal; Neuroimaging; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 27527546
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002983 -
Clinical Imaging 2012The purpose was to evaluate three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with contrast (3D-CEMRI) in displaying peripheral oculomotor nerve (PON) and diagnosing... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
The purpose was to evaluate three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with contrast (3D-CEMRI) in displaying peripheral oculomotor nerve (PON) and diagnosing peripheral oculomotor nerve diseases (POND).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The MRI findings of 80 patients with POND were reviewed and compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), operative or pathological results, and final clinical diagnosis.
RESULTS
Twenty-three aneurysms (23/26) confirmed by DSA were detected with Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). Twenty-five inflammatory lesions, 14 malignant lesions, and 5 benign lesions involving PON were shown with 3D-CEMRI corresponding with clinical diagnosis and pathology. Another 13 (13/80, 16.03%) cases were negative on MRI.
CONCLUSION
3D-CEMRI with MRA could show and diagnose the majority of the diseases involving PON.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Contrast Media; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Image Enhancement; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult
PubMed: 23153994
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.01.037 -
Neurosurgery Oct 1989In this experimental study the feasibility of microsurgical laser-assisted repair of the oculomotor nerve in the cat was investigated. The 3rd cranial nerve was explored...
In this experimental study the feasibility of microsurgical laser-assisted repair of the oculomotor nerve in the cat was investigated. The 3rd cranial nerve was explored after a temporobasal craniectomy from its exit at the brain stem to its entrance into the cavernous sinus and transected. The cut nerve ends were loosely reapproximated and welded together with a CO2 milliwatt laser using a power setting of 80 to 90 mW and a spot size of 150 mu. Regeneration of the oculomotor nerve within an observation period of 12 months as assessed by weekly examination of the pupil diameter was excellent in 4 animals and satisfactory in 2. In the two control groups consisting of 6 animals in which the nerve reconstruction had been performed with fibrin glue or by simple nerve reapproximation minimal nerve regeneration could be observed only in one animal. The histomorphological examinations revealed good regeneration across the laser anastomosis including new formation of a perineural sheath without any significant scarring effect or constriction at the anastomotic site. It is concluded that the CO2 milliwatt laser might be a useful tool for the microsurgical repair of cranial nerves and should possibly be incorporated into the neurosurgical armamentarium of reconstructive cranial nerve surgery.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Female; Laser Therapy; Male; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 2797395
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neurosurgery Nov 1992In adult guinea pigs, the oculomotor nerve was sectioned proximally (at the tentorial edge) or more distally (at the orbital fissure) and immediately repaired by...
In adult guinea pigs, the oculomotor nerve was sectioned proximally (at the tentorial edge) or more distally (at the orbital fissure) and immediately repaired by reapproximation. During a 24-week postoperative period, extrinsic eye motility was assessed by analyzing the vestibulo-ocular reflexes. The regenerated oculomotor nerve was studied morphometrically on semi-thin histological sections at 16 and 24 weeks postinjury. The selectivity of muscle reinnervation was investigated by injection of both single (horseradish peroxidase) and double (fluorescent dyes) retrograde axonal tracers into the eye muscles. Following proximal repair of the oculomotor nerve, the degree of recovery of extraocular motility varied among different animals and remained stable over long-term observations. In animals with poor recovery, aberrant eye movements were always found, and the somatotopic map of the reinnervated eye muscles was greatly altered. Distortions of the central representation were also seen in those animals in which a good level of functional recovery was seen. However, in animals with good recovery, a topographic bias was re-established by about 65% of the original neuronal population, as opposed to 26% in the animals with poor recovery. Neurons located contralateral to the axotomized nucleus sprouted intra-axially and projected their axons to denervated eye muscles. The number and diameter of the regenerated axons, the number and soma diameter of the axotomized neurons, and the ratio of distal axonal branches to proximal supporting neurons were all related to the degree of functional recovery. Following repair of the oculomotor nerve at the orbital fissure, extraocular motility had recovered in all of the animals at 16 weeks without aberrant phenomena. Functional regeneration of the distally transected oculomotor nerve is thought to be the result of selective muscle reinnervation.
Topics: Animals; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Guinea Pigs; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Nerve Regeneration; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 1403121
DOI: 10.3171/jns.1992.77.5.0768 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Apr 2017To spatially and temporally define ocular motor nerve development in the presence and absence of extraocular muscles (EOMs).
PURPOSE
To spatially and temporally define ocular motor nerve development in the presence and absence of extraocular muscles (EOMs).
METHODS
Myf5cre mice, which in the homozygous state lack EOMs, were crossed to an IslMN:GFP reporter line to fluorescently label motor neuron cell bodies and axons. Embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E15.5 wild-type and Myf5cre/cre:IslMN:GFP whole mount embryos and dissected orbits were imaged by confocal microscopy to visualize the developing oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves in the presence and absence of EOMs. E11.5 and E18.5 brainstems were serially sectioned and stained for Islet1 to determine the fate of ocular motor neurons.
RESULTS
At E11.5, all three ocular motor nerves in mutant embryos approached the orbit with a trajectory similar to that of wild-type. Subsequently, while wild-type nerves send terminal branches that contact target EOMs in a stereotypical pattern, the Myf5cre/cre ocular motor nerves failed to form terminal branches, regressed, and by E18.5 two-thirds of their corresponding motor neurons died. Comparisons between mutant and wild-type embryos revealed novel aspects of trochlear and oculomotor nerve development.
CONCLUSIONS
We delineated mouse ocular motor nerve spatial and temporal development in unprecedented detail. Moreover, we found that EOMs are not necessary for initial outgrowth and guidance of ocular motor axons from the brainstem to the orbit but are required for their terminal branching and survival. These data suggest that intermediate targets in the mesenchyme provide cues necessary for appropriate targeting of ocular motor axons to the orbit, while EOM cues are responsible for terminal branching and motor neuron survival.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Eye Movements; Mice; Microscopy, Confocal; Models, Animal; Motor Neurons; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 28437527
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21268 -
No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery Nov 1984For the purpose of investigating the ability of posttraumatic oculomotor nerve to restore its function, animal experiments were carried out using 22 mongrel adult dogs...
For the purpose of investigating the ability of posttraumatic oculomotor nerve to restore its function, animal experiments were carried out using 22 mongrel adult dogs weighting 6.5 kg on the average. Anesthesia was induced with 30 mg/kg of intervenous Nembutal, and craniectomy performed. An injury was delivered to the oculomotor nerve at about 2 mm centrally from the rim of the tentorium which was reached by retracting the temporal lobe under the oprating microscope, then the wound was closed. The animals were devided into three groups according to the severity of trauma; the first group of 5 dogs received complete neurotomy, the second group of 11 dogs had their nerve severed with about 10% left at its medical lower part and secured by one-stitch using 9-0 suture, and the third group of 5 dogs were subjected to cut of less than half of the upper, lower, or lateral part of the nerve. Observations with time were made of eye movement, light reflex and others for up to 2 years and 6 months, one year, and 2 years and 5 months in the three groups respectively. After conducting the caloric nystagmus test by introducting cold water (20 degrees C) into the external auditory meatus, the site of surgery was dissected for histological examination employing Holmes' stain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Electronystagmography; Eye Movements; Nerve Regeneration; Oculomotor Nerve; Reflex
PubMed: 6521826
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurosurgery Jun 1990
Topics: Animals; Cats; Eye Movements; Laser Therapy; Nerve Regeneration; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 2400447
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199006000-00031