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Archives Italiennes de Biologie Mar 1989The oculogyric nerves contain afferent fibers originating from the ophthalmic territory, the somata of which are located in the ipsilateral semilunar ganglion. These...
The oculogyric nerves contain afferent fibers originating from the ophthalmic territory, the somata of which are located in the ipsilateral semilunar ganglion. These primary sensory neurons project to the Subnucleus Gelatinosus of the Nucleus Caudalis Trigemini, where they make presynaptic contact with the central endings of the primary trigeminal afferents running in the fifth cranial nerve. After complete section of the trigeminal root, the antidromic volleys elicited in the trunk of the third cranial nerve by stimulating SG of NCT consisted of two waves belonging to the A delta and C groups. The area of both components of the antidromic volleys decreased both after bradykinin and hystamine injection into the corresponding cutaneous region and after thermic stimulation of the ipsilateral trigeminal ophthalmic territory. The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation. Also, capsaicin applied on the nerve induced an immediate increase, followed by a long lasting decrease, of orthodromic evoked response area. These findings bring further support to the nociceptive nature of the afferent fibers running into the oculomotor nerve.
Topics: Animals; Bradykinin; Capsaicin; Histamine; Hot Temperature; Nociceptors; Oculomotor Nerve; Pain; Sheep
PubMed: 2719524
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the... Jun 2024The significance of asymmetric enhancement on cavernous sinus MRIs in the differential diagnosis of ischemic and inflammatory oculomotor cranial nerve (OCN) palsies...
BACKGROUND
The significance of asymmetric enhancement on cavernous sinus MRIs in the differential diagnosis of ischemic and inflammatory oculomotor cranial nerve (OCN) palsies remains controversial. This study explored the cavernous sinus MRI findings for cavernous sinus idiopathic inflammation (inflammation group), microvascular ischemic OCN palsy (ischemic group), and ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG group) patients.
METHODS
A total of 66, 117, and 60 patients were included in the inflammation, ischemic, and OMG groups, respectively. Cavernous sinus MRIs were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The abnormality rates of cavernous sinus MRIs for OMG and ischemic groups were 41.7% (25/60) and 61.5% (72/117), respectively. Inconsistency rates between clinical topical diagnosis and imaging findings for inflammation and ischemic groups were 3.0% (2/66) and 13.7% (16/117), respectively ( P = 0.020). In the inflammation group, cavernous sinus thickness, thickening enhancement, and enhancing adjacent lesions were noted in 90.9% (60/66), 71.2% (47/66), and 25.8% (17/66) of the patients, whereas in the ischemic group, they were noted in 51.3% (60/117), 38.5% (45/117), and 0.9% (3/117) of the patients, respectively ( P < 0.001). Among ischemic CN III palsy patients, 55.5% (15/27) and 16.7% (2/12) of the cases had CN III enlargement and enhancement in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, respectively ( P = 0.037).
CONCLUSIONS
Cavernous sinus MRI abnormalities can be explained by specific pathologic mechanisms of the primary disease based on the complex neuroanatomy. However, suspicious inflammatory changes cannot exclude the possibility of ischemia and over reliance on these findings should be avoided.
Topics: Humans; Male; Cavernous Sinus; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Aged; Young Adult; Adolescent; Oculomotor Nerve; Aged, 80 and over; Diagnosis, Differential; Ischemia; Child
PubMed: 37751328
DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001958 -
Perceptual and Motor Skills Jun 1990From the beginning of clinical use of the EEG until now a close connection with oculomotor activity was assumed and empirically proven. After giving a sketch of the... (Review)
Review
From the beginning of clinical use of the EEG until now a close connection with oculomotor activity was assumed and empirically proven. After giving a sketch of the historical development, the issue is extended to the question of a connection between task-related alpha asymmetries and oculomotor activity. In doing so, the concepts of attention and cognition/emotion have to be dealt with. Referring to Kinsbourne, a conceptual framework is outlined which allows a mediation of the different methodical perspectives and thereby the formulation of testable hypotheses.
Topics: Alpha Rhythm; Animals; Attention; Brain Stem; Eye Movements; Humans; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 2204875
DOI: 10.2466/pms.1990.70.3c.1099 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery Oct 2001Transient diplopia, blepharoptosis, or both conditions are rare postoperative complications of blepharoplasty performed with the patient under local anesthesia. It has...
Transient diplopia, blepharoptosis, or both conditions are rare postoperative complications of blepharoplasty performed with the patient under local anesthesia. It has been hypothesized that some cases of postoperative diplopia and blepharoptosis could be attributed to the myotoxic effects of local anesthetics to the extraocular muscles and the levator muscle or to the neurotoxic effects of lidocaine. In 30 cadavers, the superior division of the oculomotor nerve was severed en bloc 1.5 cm anterior to the annulus of Zinn with the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) and the superior rectus muscles. These muscles were detached from their origins, and their attachments to the scleral and tarsal plates were divided respectively. The specimens were treated in guanidine-hydrochloride and Alizarin Red solution, and were dissected under an operating microscope. The nerve branches of the superior division of the oculomotor nerve innervated the proximal third (type I) in 2 of 30 LPS muscles (6.7%), in 8 of 30 muscles (26.7%) extended to the middle third (type II), and reached the distal third (type III) in 20 of 30 muscles (66.7%). The terminal branches ran through the medial third (type IIIa) in 6 of 20 type III LPS muscles (30%), the central third (type IIIb) in 8 muscles(40%), and the lateral third (type IIIc) in 6 muscles (30%). The oculomotor nerve ends that extend forward to the distal third of the LPS muscle (type III) are exposed and vulnerable to local anesthetics and may be numbed during blepharoplasty. If this is so, postoperative blepharoptosis may be caused by transient paralysis of the LPS muscle, and great care should be taken during the injection of local anesthetics near the LPS.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Blepharoplasty; Blepharoptosis; Humans; Lidocaine; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 11601571
DOI: 10.1097/00000637-200110000-00003 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... Feb 2015To analyze the factors that affect oculomotor nerve function recovery time in patients receiving balloon embolization for oculomotor nerve palsy caused by traumatic...
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the factors that affect oculomotor nerve function recovery time in patients receiving balloon embolization for oculomotor nerve palsy caused by traumatic carotid cavernous sinus fistula.
METHODS
The clinical data were collected from 87 patients undergoing balloon embolization for oculomotor nerve palsy due to traumatic carotid cavernous sinus fistula from July 2005 to July 2013 and the factors affecting oculomotor nerve function recovery time was analyzed using a self-made questionnaire.
RESULTS AND CONLUSION
Oculomotor nerve function recovery time ranged from 1 to 6 months (mean 33.32 ± 16.76 days) in these patients. Age, severity of preoperative oculomotor nerve paralysis, injury-to-treatment time, and number of balloon used were positively correlated with nerve function recovery time, and the flow volume of traumatic carotid cavernous sinus fistula was negatively correlated with the recovery time.
Topics: Balloon Occlusion; Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula; Humans; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Recovery of Function
PubMed: 25736121
DOI: No ID Found -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive... Jan 2000To describe a patient with unusual findings after regeneration of the oculomotor nerve.
PURPOSE
To describe a patient with unusual findings after regeneration of the oculomotor nerve.
METHODS
Case report.
RESULTS
A 35-year-old woman developed complete right third nerve paralysis after neurosurgical ligation of internal carotid-posterior communicating and internal carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms. Permanent ipsilateral lagophthalmos appeared as third nerve function spontaneously recovered.
CONCLUSION
Lagophthalmos may rarely develop after aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve, presumably caused by co-contraction of the levator and superior rectus muscles during the Bell's phenomenon.
Topics: Adult; Aneurysm; Carotid Artery, Internal; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Nerve Regeneration; Ocular Motility Disorders; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Ophthalmic Artery; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 10674734
DOI: 10.1097/00002341-200001000-00010 -
Archives of Neurology Sep 1989A patient with a traumatic right third nerve paresis had a contralateral oculomotor synkinesis develop that involved the left upper eyelid. With infraduction in...
A patient with a traumatic right third nerve paresis had a contralateral oculomotor synkinesis develop that involved the left upper eyelid. With infraduction in adduction of the nonparetic left globe, the left upper eyelid was elevated. Elevation of the right upper eyelid was present in adduction of the paretic eye but absent in downgaze. To our knowledge this is the first description of the pseudo-Graefe phenomenon developing contralateral to the regenerating paretic third nerve.
Topics: Adolescent; Cranial Nerve Diseases; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Male; Nerve Regeneration; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 2775007
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520450093026 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology May 1991We treated a 3-month-old boy with bilateral congenital oculomotor nerve palsy in whom a magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated a developmental brain anomaly in the...
We treated a 3-month-old boy with bilateral congenital oculomotor nerve palsy in whom a magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated a developmental brain anomaly in the region of the basal ganglia. The pupil was normal on one side, and there was no aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve. We could find no evidence for a peripheral oculomotor nerve lesion. This demonstrates that congenital oculomotor nerve palsy can be caused by brainstem disease. Embryologically, basal ganglia and oculomotor nuclei develop at the same time, and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus develops later. Thus, pupil sparing does not exclude a central origin for congenital oculomotor nerve palsy.
Topics: Basal Ganglia; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 2021161
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73697-9 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology 1994
Review
Topics: Brain Stem; Humans; Models, Neurological; Neural Pathways; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 7964984
DOI: 10.1007/BF01328958 -
Journal of Comparative Physiology. A,... May 2023Eye movements are a critical component of visually guided behaviours, allowing organisms to scan the environment and bring stimuli of interest to regions of acuity in...
Eye movements are a critical component of visually guided behaviours, allowing organisms to scan the environment and bring stimuli of interest to regions of acuity in the retina. Although the control and modulation of eye movements by cranial nerve nuclei are highly conserved across vertebrates, species variation in visually guided behaviour and eye morphology could lead to variation in the size of oculomotor nuclei. Here, we test for differences in the size and neuron numbers of the oculomotor nuclei among birds that vary in behaviour and eye morphology. Using unbiased stereology, we measured the volumes and numbers of neurons of the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV), abducens (nVI), and Edinger-Westphal (EW) nuclei across 71 bird species and analysed these with phylogeny-informed statistics. Owls had relatively smaller nIII, nIV, nVI and EW nuclei than other birds, which reflects their limited degrees of eye movements. In contrast, nVI was relatively larger in falcons and hawks, likely reflecting how these predatory species must shift focus between the central and temporal foveae during foraging and prey capture. Unexpectedly, songbirds had an enlarged EW and relatively more nVI neurons, which might reflect accommodation and horizontal eye movements. Finally, the one merganser we measured also has an enlarged EW, which is associated with the high accommodative power needed for pursuit diving. Overall, these differences reflect species and clade level variation in behaviour, but more data are needed on eye movements in birds across species to better understand the relationships among behaviour, retinal anatomy, and brain anatomy.
Topics: Animals; Eye Movements; Oculomotor Nerve; Brain Stem; Brain; Birds
PubMed: 36522507
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01598-3