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The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine,... 1974
Topics: Eye Movements; Head; Humans; Movement; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 4544514
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurosurgery Feb 1997The fenestrated oculomotor nerve associated with the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm is very rare.
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
The fenestrated oculomotor nerve associated with the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm is very rare.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 48-year-old woman had a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured right middle cerebral artery aneurysm, which was wrapped with good postoperative course. Twenty years later, the patient suffered frontal headache with a mild oculomotor nerve paresis in the right side. Follow-up neuroimaging studies demonstrated a de novo right internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm.
INTERVENTION
The aneurysm was exposed and clipped via a right pterional route. The fenestrated oculomotor nerve associated with the aneurysm was confirmed at surgery.
CONCLUSION
We speculated that the fenestration was most likely caused, by the growth of the aneurysm.
Topics: Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Artery, Internal; Cerebral Angiography; Cranial Nerve Diseases; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Middle Aged; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 9007877
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199702000-00035 -
Pediatric Neurosurgery Aug 2010
Topics: Central Nervous System Cysts; Child, Preschool; Endoderm; Female; Humans; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 20689348
DOI: 10.1159/000319562 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jun 2009The oculomotor nerve (ON) provides motor innervation to the eyeball and exhibits alterations in various physiological and pathological conditions, which may result in...
The oculomotor nerve (ON) provides motor innervation to the eyeball and exhibits alterations in various physiological and pathological conditions, which may result in abnormal ocular movement. Although the nerve has been studied in detail, very few data are available regarding its morphology and changes with aging. Hence, in the present investigation, the neural and connective tissue organizations of the pre-cavernous part of the ON were studied in order to provide sequential data regarding age-related morphological changes. Thirty-eight ON from cadavers aged from 40 post-natal days to 78 years were studied. Cross-sections of the nerve revealed a poorly defined multifascicular arrangement with predominant myelinated fibres of various calibres randomly intermingled with unmyelinated fibres. Small- and medium-sized fibres (probably parasympathetic) were mainly located at the junction of the central and the paracentral zones of the nerves. Using unbiased stereological techniques, the total number of the axons, the area of the myelinated fibres and myelin sheath thickness were estimated. The cross-sectional area of the nerve increased significantly up to the third decade. The minimal and maximal total number and area of myelinated axons varied from 17,000 to 21,000 and from 8.95 to 14.02 microm(2), respectively. There was a significant increase in the myelin thickness of axons with age. Connective tissue gradually increased in later decades and was more pronounced in the eighth decade. The present study provides novel baseline morphometric data on the ON that would be of help to future studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Afferent Pathways; Aged; Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Axons; Cadaver; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Myelin Sheath; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neural Conduction; Neurons, Afferent; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Young Adult
PubMed: 19406628
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2009.02.008 -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics Jan 2012Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions of endodermal origin occurring in the spinal canal and infrequently in the posterior cranial fossa. The authors report the...
Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions of endodermal origin occurring in the spinal canal and infrequently in the posterior cranial fossa. The authors report the case of a 3-year-old child who presented with a recurrent third cranial nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large cystic mass lesion in the ambient cistern on the right side, with compression of the anterolateral aspect of the brainstem. The patient underwent a craniotomy, complete excision, and a primary third cranial nerve repair. While there have been 3 reported cases of neurenteric cysts arising from the oculomotor nerve, this is the first documented case with a primary nerve repair.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Craniotomy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Microsurgery; Neural Tube Defects; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Recurrence
PubMed: 22208320
DOI: 10.3171/2011.10.PEDS10548 -
The Journal of Experimental Zoology Sep 1979When the trochlear nerve (NIV), which innervates the superior oblique muscle (SOM), is crushed or cut at stages 48-49 in Xenopus tadpoles, fibers from the oculomotor...
When the trochlear nerve (NIV), which innervates the superior oblique muscle (SOM), is crushed or cut at stages 48-49 in Xenopus tadpoles, fibers from the oculomotor nerve (NIII) sprout and invade the SOM. The maximal percentage of specimens having at least one oculomotor nerve fiber on the SOM on a given day increased from 9.1% following a single crushing of NIV to 84.2% following three successive severings of NIV and the average number of silver-impregnated NIII fibers per specimen increased from 0.23 +/- 0.16 (mean +/- S.E.M.) in the single-crush experiment to 7.35 +/- 1.33 in the triple-cut experiment. This increase directly reflects the delay in the return of NIV. As NIV returns to the SOM, a portion of the inappropriate innervation is lost; while another portion appears to be stable and is in evidence 90 days after a single sectioning of NIV. The more rapidly NIV returns to the SOM, the more complete is the displacement of the NIII fibers. This suggests that the association between NIII and the SOM changes with time so that easy displacement of the inappropriate innervation is likely only when the reinnervation by the appropriate nerve fibers is rapid.
Topics: Animals; Larva; Muscles; Nerve Crush; Nerve Regeneration; Oculomotor Nerve; Time Factors; Trochlear Nerve; Xenopus
PubMed: 490132
DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402090302 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Dec 1994In the reviewed period, articles on peripheral eye movement disorders covered interesting aspects. Localizing value of associated signs, repetitive presentations of... (Review)
Review
In the reviewed period, articles on peripheral eye movement disorders covered interesting aspects. Localizing value of associated signs, repetitive presentations of palsies, and classical quotations are stressed for the oculomotor nerve. The superior oblique is correlated to central nervous system disorders when overacting in pediatric patients or when ocular torsion is matched to the perceived vertical tilt. The family "pseudo" brought two of its members: "pseudo" myasthenia and "pseudo" myotonia. Mitochondrial citopathies with ocular manifestations can overlap among the different clinical types, eg, Kearns-Sayre, MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy-lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes), MERFF (myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers). The diagnostic value of DNA mutations is emphasized in those syndromes. Imaging of the carotid arteries provides useful hints in cases where the lumen is narrowed due to internal processes or external compression; its interpretation is not only of diagnostic but of prognostic value. Certain otorhinolaryngology surgical procedures can damage the orbital muscles and produce serious inconvenience to the ocular motility. Analyzing the involved structures the therapeutic gesture can be determined. Diplopia after cataract surgery or retinal detachment repair is due to different factors, anesthetics, or implant location and is implied in every case.
Topics: Carotid Artery Diseases; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mitochondrial Myopathies; Myasthenia Gravis; Myotonia; Ocular Motility Disorders; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Point Mutation
PubMed: 10150825
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives Italiennes de Biologie Dec 1987Painful fibers running in the third nerve and originating from the ophthalmic trigeminal area send their central projections at level of substantia gelatinosa of nucleus...
Painful fibers running in the third nerve and originating from the ophthalmic trigeminal area send their central projections at level of substantia gelatinosa of nucleus caudalis trigemini. The central endings of these fibers form axoaxonic synapses with trigeminal fibers entering the brain stem through the trigeminal root. The effect of electrical stimulation of the third nerve central stump on the central endings of trigeminal afferent fibers consists in an increased excitability, possibly resulting in a presynaptic inhibition. This inhibitory influence is due to both direct and indirect connections of the third nerve afferent fibers with the trigeminal ones.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Haplorhini; Horseradish Peroxidase; Nerve Endings; Oculomotor Nerve; Picrotoxin; Sheep; Trigeminal Ganglion; Trigeminal Nerve
PubMed: 3130001
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Dec 2014Precise anatomical data on the development of human oculomotor somatic nuclei (OSN) remain rare.
BACKGROUND
Precise anatomical data on the development of human oculomotor somatic nuclei (OSN) remain rare.
DESIGN/SUBJECTS
This study describes the histology of human OSN in 11 preterm and full-term infants aged 20-43 postmenstrual weeks who died of various causes. Celloidin-embedded serial sections were stained with the Klüver-Barrera and other conventional methods including silver impregnation. To evaluate the growth of OSN quantitatively, the author estimated the nuclear volume and the average neuronal area on morphometry.
RESULTS
Four subnuclei were identified at 20-21 weeks: the fascicular, principal, dorsal median, and ventral median nucleus. Early tigroid Nissl bodies appeared in presumed motoneurons by 27-28 weeks, then resembled adult Nissl bodies at birth. On silver impregnation, the oculomotor nerve roots, crossed or uncrossed fibers at the midline, and a plexus of efferent or afferent axons in the neuropil were observed at 20-21 weeks. Then, the plexus was elaborated to form a perineuronal net of thin axon terminals by 28-29 weeks. The nuclear volume of OSN exponentially increased with age over 20-43 weeks, while the average of neuronal profile areas linearly increased in each subnucleus; the coefficient of regression was largest in the principal nucleus, and the regression lines nearly overlapped among the other subnuclei. Statistical analysis confirmed that the average neuronal area was largest in the principal nucleus in older cases.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that four subnuclei can be distinguished in human OSN by mid gestation, and that the principal nucleus may be different in neuronal cytoarchitecture from the others.
Topics: Aging; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Motor Neurons; Nerve Fibers; Oculomotor Nerve; Oculomotor Nuclear Complex
PubMed: 25220351
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.07.006 -
Human Brain Mapping Dec 2021The aim of this study is to investigate the trajectory of medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and explore its anatomical relationship with the oculomotor nerve using...
The aim of this study is to investigate the trajectory of medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and explore its anatomical relationship with the oculomotor nerve using tractography technique. The MLF and oculomotor nerve were reconstructed at the same time with preset three region of interests (ROIs): one set at the area of rostral midbrain, one placed on the MLF area at the upper pons, and one placed at the cisternal part of the oculomotor nerve. This mapping protocol was tested in an HCP-1065 template, 35 health subjects from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 20 healthy adults and 6 brainstem cavernous malformation (BCM) patients with generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI)-based tractography. Finally, the 200 μm brainstem template from Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University (Duke CIVM), was used to validate the trajectory of reconstructed MLF. The MLF and oculomotor nerve were reconstructed in the HCP-1065 template, 35 MGH health subjects, 20 healthy adults and 6 BCM patients. The MLF was in conjunction with the ipsilateral mesencephalic part of the oculomotor nerve. The displacement of MLF was identified in all BCM patients. Decreased QA, RDI and FA were found in the MLF of lesion side, indicating axonal loss and/or edema of displaced MLF. The reconstructed MLF in Duke CIVM brainstem 200 μm template corresponded well with histological anatomy. The MLF and oculomotor nerve were visualized accurately with our protocol using GQI-based fiber tracking. This GQI-based tractography is an important tool in the reconstruction and evaluation of MLF.
Topics: Adult; Brain Stem; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Pathways; Oculomotor Nerve; White Matter; Young Adult
PubMed: 34597450
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25670