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Chang Gung Medical Journal 2011Anatomical studies regarding the inferior oblique muscle are scarce and the exact location of the entry of oculomotor nerve to the muscle has not been reported. In the...
BACKGROUND
Anatomical studies regarding the inferior oblique muscle are scarce and the exact location of the entry of oculomotor nerve to the muscle has not been reported. In the present study, the objectives were to examine the exact location of the entry of oculomotor nerve to the inferior oblique muscle and to study the topographical anatomy of the muscle.
METHODS
The study included 56 intact orbits from 28 embalmed south Indian adult cadavers. The entire course of the nerve to the inferior oblique was exposed from both anterior and posterior aspects in all specimens. The exact location of the entry of nerve supplying the inferior oblique muscle was identified and the distances of the muscle from inferior and medial orbital margins were measured.
RESULTS
The oculomotor nerve entered the inferior oblique muscle through the orbital surface in 42 (75%) cases, through the ocular surface in 10 (17.9%) cases and through the posterior border in 4 (7.1%) cases. The distance of the muscle from the inferior orbital margin was 1 mm in majority (78.5%) of the cases. The distance of the muscle from the medial orbital margin was 11 mm in majority (42.8%) of the cases.
CONCLUSION
The present study reports that the oculomotor nerve most often enters the inferior oblique muscle through its orbital surface. Detailed knowledge of the topographical anatomy of inferior oblique muscle and its site of nerve entry are essential for surgeons when performing ophthalmological surgery and regional anesthesia.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 21733359
DOI: No ID Found -
Investigative Ophthalmology Mar 1973
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Cybernetics; Eye Movements; Feedback; Haplorhini; Models, Biological; Motor Neurons; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Rabbits
PubMed: 4632516
DOI: No ID Found -
International Forum of Allergy &... Sep 2019Endonasal access to the inferomedial and inferolateral intraconal space via the orbital floor has not been reported. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the...
BACKGROUND
Endonasal access to the inferomedial and inferolateral intraconal space via the orbital floor has not been reported. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of accessing the inferior intraconal space through the orbital floor via a transnasal prelacrimal approach. Secondarily, it aims to highlight anatomical relationships of neurovascular structures in this space, as a requirement to prevent complications.
METHODS
Six cadaveric heads (12 sides) were dissected using a transnasal prelacrimal approach. The orbital floor, medial to the infraorbital canal, was removed and the periorbita opened to expose the inferior rectus muscle. The inferomedial and inferolateral intraconal space was accessed alongside the medial and lateral border of inferior rectus muscle, respectively. Various anatomical relationships of adjacent neurovascular structures were recorded, and the distances among the recti muscles and optic nerve were also measured.
RESULTS
The infraorbital nerve is located at the inferolateral aspect of inferior rectus muscle. In the inferomedial intraconal space, we identified the inferomedial muscular trunk of the ophthalmic artery, optic nerve, and branches of the oculomotor nerve; whereas the inferolateral intraconal space contained the inferolateral muscular trunk of ophthalmic artery, branches of the oculomotor and nasociliary nerve, and abducens nerve. Distances from the medial, inferior, and lateral recti muscles to the optic nerve were (mean ± standard deviation) 4.70 ± 1.18 mm, 5.60 ± 0.93 mm, and 7.98 ± 1.99 mm, respectively. Distances from the inferior rectus muscle to the inferior borders of medial and lateral recti muscles were 4.45 ± 1.23 mm and 8.77 ± 1.80 mm.
CONCLUSION
It is feasible to access the inferior intraconal space through the orbital floor via a transnasal prelacrimal approach. The access may be subdivided into inferomedial and inferolateral corridors according to the entry point at the medial or lateral border of the inferior rectus muscle. Neurovascular structures in the inferior intraconal space are visualized directly, which should enhance their preservation.
Topics: Cadaver; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Neurosurgical Procedures; Oculomotor Nerve; Ophthalmic Artery; Optic Nerve; Orbit; Paranasal Sinuses
PubMed: 31261443
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22368 -
Archives Italiennes de Biologie Oct 1977The present research shows that sensory ganglion cells are located within the oculomotor nerve of monkeys and man. Furthermore, afferent fibers have been found in the...
The present research shows that sensory ganglion cells are located within the oculomotor nerve of monkeys and man. Furthermore, afferent fibers have been found in the IIIrd nerve of all the animals examined (lamb, pig, cat, dog and monkey). These fibers have their perikarya prevalently in the semilunar ganglion. Their pathway could be studied after section of either the trigeminal ophthalmic branch or of the intracranial portion of the IIIrd nerve. Following these operations, degenerating fibers were found entering the brain stem through the oculomotor nerve. In the brain stem, they were traced through the pons and the medulla and were seen to end in the spinal cord, within the subnucleus gelatinosus of the nucleus caudalis trigemini. Their degenerating endings found in the neuropil of the SG Rolandi, represented peripheral axonal endings of the glomeruli, rather than central axonal endings, as was the case after trigeminal rhizotomy. On the basis of these different degenerating patterns, the conclusion can be reached that the perikarya of the afferent fibers located in the semilunar ganglion represent, in reality, a ganglion of the IIIrd nerve.
Topics: Anatomy, Comparative; Animals; Ganglia; Haplorhini; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Neurons, Afferent; Oculomotor Nerve; Proprioception
PubMed: 413507
DOI: No ID Found -
A.M.A. Archives of Neurology and... Apr 1957
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Humans; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Ophthalmoplegia; Paralysis
PubMed: 13410190
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Anatomy Apr 1990A well-developed ganglion and scattered ganglion cells are present in the intracranial portion of the oculomotor nerve during the first half of fetal life in the ox. In...
A well-developed ganglion and scattered ganglion cells are present in the intracranial portion of the oculomotor nerve during the first half of fetal life in the ox. In the second half of fetal life a dramatic reduction of the ganglion cells associated with the oculomotor nerve occurs because of spontaneous cell death. Concomitantly, the same phenomenon of cell death is found in the trigeminal ganglion, especially in its rostromedial portion. Free degenerating perikarya can be found in the cavernous sinus.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Survival; Fetus; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons, Afferent; Oculomotor Nerve; Time Factors; Trigeminal Ganglion
PubMed: 2384329
DOI: No ID Found -
Strabismus Mar 2023Effective outcome of inferior oblique (IO) corrective surgeries demands a detailed knowledge of morphometry and variations of IO. Our aim was to study and...
Effective outcome of inferior oblique (IO) corrective surgeries demands a detailed knowledge of morphometry and variations of IO. Our aim was to study and morphometrically define the surgical anatomy of the IO muscle and its variations. Also to provide easily identifiable surgical coordinates to locate, the IO origin and the oculomotor nerve entry point into the IO. Dissection was performed on 16 cadaveric orbits. IO anatomy, variations, morphometry and relevant surgical distances were measured using digital caliper. IO with multiple bellies was found in five specimens. The IO mean length was 33.1 ± 3.3 mm, width at origin was 3.1 ± 0.6 mm, and width at insertion was 8.8 ± 1.5 mm. For easy localization of origin, its distance from the palpable landmarks, Zygomatico-maxillary suture and fronto-maxillary suture was measured. The mean distance between IO and the optic nerve was 10 mm. Distance of the nerve to inferior oblique entry point to the origin and insertion of the inferior oblique was measured. The nerve to IO was 28 mm long. The mean distance of the nerve entry point to IO origin was 15.5 ± 2.3 mm and distance to IO insertion was 15.2 ± 2.8 mm. A muscular bridge between the Inferior rectus (IR) & IO was found in one case, affecting ~¼ of the IO length; the distal end of the bridge was 5 mm from the IO insertion. Origin of the IO can be localized on the orbital surface of maxilla, 1-2 cm from the point where zygomatico-maxillary suture cuts the inferior orbital margin and 1-2 cm from the fronto-maxillary suture. In 19% of the orbits, the IO length was less than 30 mm, which may cause traction injury in muscle transposition procedures. The width at insertion is useful as most corrective surgeries are performed at the insertion site. The nerve to IO consistently entered at the center of medial border. The nerve entry point is important surgically as myectomy is performed between it and the insertion point. The safe distance available from the optic nerve was 7 mm. Detailed morphometry of IO may aid surgeons in better surgical planning and execution.
Topics: Humans; Oculomotor Muscles; Orbit; Oculomotor Nerve; Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid; Strabismus
PubMed: 36755440
DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2023.2168706 -
Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology :... Jul 1998The authors have attempted to stimulate the feline oculomotor and abducens nerves using a magnetic coil (MC) and to determine the optimal reliable MC position for...
The authors have attempted to stimulate the feline oculomotor and abducens nerves using a magnetic coil (MC) and to determine the optimal reliable MC position for eliciting motor evoked potentials. The authors have also determined the site of excitation to analyze the validity and potential advantages of this technique as a means of neurophysiologically studying the oculomotor and abducens nerves. The potentials of both of these muscles are evoked by MC placed to be symmetrical to the line connecting the vertex and the center of the eyeball on the side being examined, as the coil center corresponds to the midpoint of this line. The latencies of the motor responses of the superior rectus and lateral rectus were 1.08 +/- 0.22 and 1.02 +/- 0.21 msec, respectively, suggesting that magnetic stimulation excites both the oculomotor and the abducens nerve at the superior orbital fissure.
Topics: Abducens Nerve; Animals; Cats; Cavernous Sinus; Electric Stimulation; Electromagnetic Fields; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Eye Movements; Oculomotor Nerve; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time
PubMed: 9736470
DOI: 10.1097/00004691-199807000-00008 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology May 1996To determine the cause of delayed-onset ipsilateral abduction defect associated with aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve.
PURPOSE
To determine the cause of delayed-onset ipsilateral abduction defect associated with aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve.
METHODS
Isolated oculomotor palsy was noted after successful basilar artery aneurysm surgery in a 35-year-old patient. Several months later, aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve and an ipsilateral abduction defect were first detected.
RESULTS
Ocular electromyography demonstrated failure of relaxation of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle on attempted abduction, suggesting cocontraction of horizontal recti muscles as the origin of the abduction defect.
CONCLUSION
A late-onset ipsilateral abduction defect caused by failure of relaxation of the medial rectus muscle may be associated with basilar aneurysm.
Topics: Adult; Basilar Artery; Electromyography; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Nerve Regeneration; Ocular Motility Disorders; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve
PubMed: 8610809
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75440-6 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Mar 1972
Topics: Aged; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Electrooculography; Eye Movements; Female; Fixation, Ocular; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oculomotor Muscles; Oculomotor Nerve; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 5014091
DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(72)90068-8