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Experimental Cell Research Jul 2014Odontoblasts are post-mitotic cells organized as a layer of palisade cells along the interface between the dental pulp and dentin. They are responsible for the formation... (Review)
Review
Odontoblasts are post-mitotic cells organized as a layer of palisade cells along the interface between the dental pulp and dentin. They are responsible for the formation of the physiological primary and secondary dentins. They synthesize the organic matrix of type I collagen and actively participate to its mineralization by secreting proteoglycans and non-collagenous proteins that are implicated in the nucleation and the control of the growth of the mineral phase. They also participate to the maintenance of this hard tissue throughout the life of the tooth by synthesizing reactionary dentin in response to pathological conditions (caries, attrition, erosion…). Besides these fundamental dentinogenic activities, odontoblasts were recently suspected to play a role as sensor cells. They are able to sense the bacteria invasion during caries and then to initiate the pulp immune and inflammatory response. They are also well equipped in ion channels implicated in mechanotransduction or nociception which make odontoblasts suitable candidates to sense external stimuli and to mediate tooth pain sensation.
Topics: Animals; Dentinogenesis; Humans; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Odontoblasts
PubMed: 24361392
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.012 -
The International Journal of... Feb 1995Odontoblasts are post-mitotic, neural crest-derived, cells which overtly differentiate according to tooth specific temporo-spatial patterns and secrete predentin-dentin... (Review)
Review
Odontoblasts are post-mitotic, neural crest-derived, cells which overtly differentiate according to tooth specific temporo-spatial patterns and secrete predentin-dentin components. Neither the timing nor the molecular mechanisms of their specification are known and the problem of their patterning in the developing jaws is far from being solved. On the other hand, some significative strides were made concerning the control of their terminal differentiation. Fibronectin interacting with a 165 kDa, non integrin, membrane protein intervenes in the cytoskeletal reorganization involved in odontoblast polarization and their terminal differentiation can be triggered in vitro by immobilized members of the TGF beta family. Histological aspects and the transcriptional phenotypes (transcripts of TGF beta s, BMPs, msxs, IGF1, fibronectin, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein genes) are very similar in vivo and in vitro. In vivo members of the TGF beta super family secreted by preameloblasts, trapped and activated by basement membrane associated components, might initiate odontoblast terminal differentiation.
Topics: Animals; Basement Membrane; Cell Differentiation; Epithelium; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Fibronectins; Growth Substances; Neural Crest; Odontoblasts
PubMed: 7626422
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part... Jul 2009Odontoblasts are organized as a single layer of specialized cells responsible for dentine formation and presumably for playing a role in tooth pain transmission. Each... (Review)
Review
Odontoblasts are organized as a single layer of specialized cells responsible for dentine formation and presumably for playing a role in tooth pain transmission. Each cell has an extension running into a dentinal tubule and bathing in the dentinal fluid. A dense network of sensory unmyelinated nerve fibers surrounds the cell bodies and processes. Thus, dentinal tubules subjected to external stimuli causing dentinal fluid movements and odontoblasts/nerve complex response may represent a unique mechano-sensory system giving to dentine-forming cells a pivotal role in signal transduction. Mediators of mechano-transduction identified in odontoblast include mechano-sensitive ion channels (high conductance calcium-activated potassium channel--K(Ca)--and a 2P domain potassium channel--TREK-1) and primary cilium. In many tissues, the latter is essential for microenvironment sensing but its role in the control of odontoblast behavior remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence for excitable properties and the concentration of key channels to the terminal web suggest that odontoblasts may operate as sensor cells.
Topics: Actins; Brain; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Humans; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Odontoblasts; Reelin Protein; Semaphorins; Serine Endopeptidases; Stress, Mechanical; Toothache
PubMed: 19097166
DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21264 -
Journal of Dental Research Sep 2000
Review
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cooperative Behavior; Dental Research; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Odontoblasts; Odontogenesis
PubMed: 11023257
DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790090101 -
Cell Biology International 2004Odontoblasts, the cells responsible for the dentine formation, are organized as a single layer of highly polarized and differentiated post-mitotic cells along the... (Review)
Review
Odontoblasts, the cells responsible for the dentine formation, are organized as a single layer of highly polarized and differentiated post-mitotic cells along the interface between the dental pulp and the mineralized tubules. They lay down the physiological secondary dentine throughout the life of the teeth. Odontoblasts play a central role in the transportation of calcium to the dentine and they possibly mediate early stages of sensory processing in teeth. A primary cilium, 9+0 configuration, have been regularly identified in a supra nuclear location. Calbindin D28k has been detected at the base of the cilium membrane. The cilium structure was positive with detyrosinated alpha tubulin antibodies in vivo and in cultured human odontoblasts. Transcripts of tektin, a protein involved in ciliogenesis, were expressed in vitro. The putative role of the primary cilium constituting a critical link between external teeth stimuli and odontoblast responses is extensively discussed.
Topics: Calbindin 1; Calbindins; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Cilia; Dentin; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Odontoblasts; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Tooth; Tooth Calcification
PubMed: 14984754
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.11.006 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2022The aims of the study were to evaluate the roles of odontoblast apoptosis in the progression of tubular sclerosis of teeth from donors at different ages and assess its...
OBJECTIVES
The aims of the study were to evaluate the roles of odontoblast apoptosis in the progression of tubular sclerosis of teeth from donors at different ages and assess its correlation to chemical composition and mechanical properties.
DESIGN
Healthy human teeth were obtained and divided into young (age ≤ 25, n = 12) and old (age ≥ 60, n = 12) groups. Odontoblasts were counted with standard hematoxylin and eosin staining. Odontoblast apoptosis within dentinal tubules was determined by cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining. Teeth in each group were evaluated by dynamic nanoindentation and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
RESULTS
The number of odontoblasts decreased significantly with age. The most prominent change occurred in the apical third of roots. Odontoblastic apoptosis was visualized within dentinal tubules. The apoptosis staining fraction was significantly higher in the outer and inner dentin of old teeth when compared with young teeth (p < 0.05). EDS showed increased calcium content in peritubular dentin but a decrease in the intertubular dentin with increasing age. Scanning based nanoindentation showed that the old intertubular dentin exhibited a significantly higher elastic modulus.
CONCLUSIONS
Odontoblast apoptosis, starting at the cell extension in dentinal tubules and proceeding from outer to inner dentin, contributes to the stoichiometric Ca/P ratio in peritubular dentin, which is potentially responsible for intratubular mineralization due to an imbalance of calcium and phosphorous ions.
Topics: Aging; Apoptosis; Dentin; Dentin, Secondary; Humans; Odontoblasts
PubMed: 35183920
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105371 -
Proceedings of the Finnish Dental... 1992The local regulation of odontoblast response to caries is viewed through initiation and elaboration of sclerotic as well as reparative dentin. Dentin tissue represents a... (Review)
Review
The local regulation of odontoblast response to caries is viewed through initiation and elaboration of sclerotic as well as reparative dentin. Dentin tissue represents a multiple source of potent environment factors when teeth are affected by the demineralization phases of carious process. Some of them have already been identified in sound tissue (matrix glycoproteins, proteoglycans, growth factors, Bone Morphogenetic Protein) and may act on the cell through membrane receptors. Thus, the amplification in collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity previously observed during sclerotic dentin deposition can be related to the interaction between matrix signals and cell receptors such as the 165 kDa protein shown only by odontoblasts under the affected zone. Similarly, under established lesions generating cell death, the specific matrix made of odontoblasts debris and damage tissues, probably rich in active molecules, may trigger pulp cells to elaborate a cartilage-like layer (identified by type II and XI collagen) followed by odontoblast-like cells to give rise to abnormal tubular dentin. Here, odontoblast response is identical to bone-cells response to injury. What remains to be elucidated concern: The nature of signals found in carious dentin (matrix components, growth factors, bacterial products). The nature and regulation of expression of cell membrane receptors during tooth repair. How the odontoblast produces specific responses to each of these signaling molecules will be the focus of important new investigations.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Caries; Dentin; Dentin, Secondary; Humans; Odontoblasts
PubMed: 1508881
DOI: No ID Found -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Aug 2021Odontoblast processes are thin cytoplasmic projections that extend from the cell body at the periphery of the pulp toward the dentin-enamel junction. The odontoblast...
Odontoblast processes are thin cytoplasmic projections that extend from the cell body at the periphery of the pulp toward the dentin-enamel junction. The odontoblast processes function in the secretion, assembly and mineralization of dentin during development, participate in mechanosensation, and aid in dentin repair in mature teeth. Because they are small and densely arranged, their three-dimensional organization is not well documented. To gain further insight into how odontoblast processes contribute to odontogenesis, we used serial section electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions to examine these processes in the predentin region of mouse molars and incisors. In molars, the odontoblast processes are tubular with a diameter of ~1.8 μm. The odontoblast processes near the incisor tip are similarly shaped, but those midway between the tip and apex are shaped like plates. The plates are radially aligned and longitudinally oriented with respect to the growth axis of the incisor. The thickness of the plates is approximately the same as the diameter of molar odontoblast processes. The plates have an irregular edge; the average ratio of width (midway in the predentin) to thickness is 2.3 on the labial side and 3.6 on the lingual side. The plate geometry seems likely to be related to the continuous growth of the incisor and may provide a clue as to the mechanisms by which the odontoblast processes are involved in tooth development.
Topics: Animals; Dentinogenesis; Incisor; Mice; Odontoblasts; Odontogenesis
PubMed: 33190419
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24570 -
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2020Dentin is an important structural component of the tooth. Odontoblast differentiation is an essential biological process that guarantees normal dentin formation, which...
Dentin is an important structural component of the tooth. Odontoblast differentiation is an essential biological process that guarantees normal dentin formation, which is precisely regulated by various proteins. Murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and it plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of different cell types, such as osteoblasts and myoblasts. However, whether Mdm2 plays a role in odontoblast differentiation remains unknown. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of Mdm2 by immunostaining and found that Mdm2 was highly expressed in the odontoblasts and slightly in the dental papilla cells of mouse incisors and molars. Gene knockdown and overexpression experiments verified that Mdm2 promoted the odontoblast-like differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs). Intranuclear colocalization and physical interaction between Mdm2 and distal-less 3 (Dlx3), a transcription factor important for odontoblast differentiation, was found during the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs by double immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Mdm2 was proved to monoubiquitinate Dlx3, which enhanced the expression of Dlx3 target gene . In addition, p53, the canonical substrate of Mdm2, was validated to be also ubiquitinated but degraded by Mdm2 during the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs. Gene knockdown experiments confirmed that p53 inhibited the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs. and double knockdown partially rescued the reduced odontoblast-like differentiation by knockdown of alone. Taken together, our study revealed that Mdm2 promoted the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs by ubiquitinating both Dlx3 and p53. On one hand, the monoubiquitination of Dlx3 by Mdm2 led to upregulation of , which is a marker of the odontoblast differentiation. On the other hand, ubiquitination of p53 by Mdm2 resulted in its degradation, which eliminated the inhibitory effect of p53 on the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Homeodomain Proteins; Mice; Odontoblasts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; Transcription Factors; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 31847675
DOI: 10.1177/0022034519893672 -
Cellular Reprogramming Apr 2019Berberine, a Chinese medical herbal extract, plays a key role in antidiabetic, antiangiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and...
Berberine, a Chinese medical herbal extract, plays a key role in antidiabetic, antiangiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antihypercholesterolemic. Our previous studies revealed that berberine exerted odontoprotective effect by increasing odontoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms involved in the odontoprotective effect of berberine have not been fully explored. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in odontoblast differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). If β-catenin is nuclear translocation, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activation. In this study, DPSCs were treated with or without berberine. Then, we examined the accelerative effects of berberine on odontoblast differentiation and mineralized nodules formation by real-time polymerase chain reaction, alizarin red S staining, and alkaline phosphatase staining. In addition, while treated with berberine, β-catenin translocated to the nucleus evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Our results revealed that berberine functions as a promoter of odontoblast differentiation by promoting Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that it may be useful in guiding therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dental caries.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Berberine; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Odontoblasts; Stem Cells; Wnt1 Protein; Young Adult; beta Catenin
PubMed: 30969881
DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0060