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The Cochrane Database of Systematic... 2000This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effect of prophylactic application of emollient ointment in preterm infants.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Medline (MeSH terms: ointment; limits: age groups, newborn infant; publication types, clinical trial), previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants, and journal handsearching in the English language.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials which compared the effect of prophylactic application of emollient ointment to routine care or as needed topical therapy in preterm infants are included in this review.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data regarding clinical outcomes including transepidermal water loss, skin condition, fluid intake, suspect infection and proven nosocomial infection were excerpted from the reports of the clinical trials by the reviewers. Data analysis was done in accordance with the standards of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group.
MAIN RESULTS
Two randomized trials which compared prophylactic application of ointment to routine skin care or as needed topical ointment therapy were identified. Lane (1993) noted improved skin condition in infants receiving topical application of emollient ointment. In the study of Nopper and coworkers (1996), prophylactic application of ointment significantly decreased transepidermal water loss during the first six hours after initial application. Skin condition was noted to be improved during the first 1-2 weeks. Surveillance cultures demonstrated less bacterial colonization during the two week study. A significant decrease in suspect and proven infection was noted. Fewer infants were evaluated for sepsis among the group who received prophylactic application of ointment (relative risk 0. 50, 95% CI 0.27, 0.93; risk difference -0.30, 95% CI -0.54, -0.06). Both studies reported on the incidence of proven nosocomial infection. A trend towards a decrease in the risk of proven nosocomial infection was noted in infants who received prophylactic application of emollient ointment (typical relative risk 0.29, 95% CI 0.07, 1.16, typical risk difference -0.13, 95% CI -0.25, -0.01).
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
In two small studies, prophylactic application of emollient ointment decreased transepidermal water loss, decreased the severity of dermatitis, and decreased the risk of suspect sepsis and proven sepsis. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these results.
Topics: Cross Infection; Dermatitis; Emollients; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Ointments
PubMed: 10796254
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001150 -
Journal of Burn Care & Research :... Jul 2022Skin graft surgery is a standard treatment that increases the survival rate of patients with burn injuries; however, it leaves many sequelae. Conventional external... (Review)
Review
Skin graft surgery is a standard treatment that increases the survival rate of patients with burn injuries; however, it leaves many sequelae. Conventional external preparations for the treatment of burns also have various side effects. In this retrospective case study, we assessed the cases of four patients with topical third-degree burns who did not wish to undergo the skin graft surgeries recommended by medical doctors and were thus treated using traditional medicine alone. A Korean medicine doctor administered integrative traditional medicine treatment to the patients using acupuncture and herbal ointments. Analysis of the patients' treatment photographs, quantitative evaluation indices, and vivid narratives suggested that their skin recovered well without adverse effects. Traditional Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture and herbal ointment treatment, can be a new alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with topical burns who do not want to undergo skin graft surgery or who have higher risks for poor surgical outcomes.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Burns; Humans; Ointments; Retrospective Studies; Skin Transplantation
PubMed: 34718619
DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab210 -
Australian Journal of Dermatology Apr 1953
Topics: Ointment Bases; Ointments
PubMed: 13081527
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1953.tb01442.x -
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Jul 2009Tacrolimus ointment has shown efficacy as monotherapy in both short- and long-term studies in atopic dermatitis. Absorption of tacrolimus after topical application is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tacrolimus ointment has shown efficacy as monotherapy in both short- and long-term studies in atopic dermatitis. Absorption of tacrolimus after topical application is dependent on the barrier function of the skin. Absorption through the intact epidermis is very low and eczematic skin a little higher. In comparison to systemic tacrolimus used for prevention and treatment of rejection after organ transplantation, the bioavailability of topical tacrolimus in patients with atopic dermatitis is between 3 and 4%. Long-term safety studies of up to 4 years have not shown adverse events associated with systemic use of immunosuppressive agents, that is, increased risk of infections, lymphomas or skin cancers. Despite these findings, many physicians remain concerned about possible long-term malignancies associated with long-term treatment with a topical calcineurin inhibitor.
OBJECTIVE
To identify in the published literature possible long-term safety issues associated with topical tacrolimus treatment.
METHODS
PubMed was used to identify studies of atopic dermatitis therapy in which tacrolimus ointment was used for at least 6 months. We evaluated the safety data available from these studies. In addition, some safety data were evaluated from clinical follow-up of our own patients who have used tacrolimus ointment intermittently for up to 14 years.
CONCLUSIONS
During a follow-up period of 4 years in clinical studies, no increased risk of infections or cancer was associated with long-term use of tacrolimus ointment. Only short-term adverse events were detected. They included increased burning and stinging of the skin, and a temporary increase in skin infections. No signs of immunosuppression were observed after 1 - 4 years of intermittent treatment with tacrolimus ointment.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ointments; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Tacrolimus
PubMed: 19435404
DOI: 10.1517/14740330902969441 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2022The phytochemical analysis of the investigated Immortelle essential oil revealed the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as major components that might be...
The phytochemical analysis of the investigated Immortelle essential oil revealed the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as major components that might be efficient as a wound healing potential agent. The present study aimed to develop an ointment based on the Immortelle essential oil and investigate its wound healing effects on excision wounds in diabetic rats. The topical formulated Immortelle ointment was subjected to pharmaco-technical characterization. Thirty-two diabetic rats with the induced excision wound were used to evaluate in vivo wound healing effects of ointment. The animals were randomly divided into four groups untreated or topically treated with either a 1% silver sulfadiazine, the ointment base, or Immortelle ointment. The response to the treatment was assessed by macroscopic, biochemical and histopathological analysis. The ointment, compatible with the skin remained stable for 6 months. Topical application of the Immortelle ointment showed the highest wound contraction with the highest content of hydroxyproline in comparison to the all examined groups. The Immortelle ointment showed significant wound contraction from day 7 to day 21 as compared to other groups. On the day 21, there was an average of 99.32% wound contraction in the Immortelle group, whereas the mean wound contraction in the negative control and ointment base group was 71.36% and 81.26% respectively. The histopathological results validated the potential wound healing effect of Immortelle ointment with evident post-excision scar maturation and increased collagen fibers density. Our findings revealed that the Immortelle ointment approach might serve as a promising and innovative tool for wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Oils, Volatile; Ointment Bases; Ointments; Rats; Skin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35429742
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112941 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2023Wound-healing deficits of the skin, one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes, delay wound healing, significantly reducing the patient's QOL....
Wound-healing deficits of the skin, one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes, delay wound healing, significantly reducing the patient's QOL. Therefore, the topical treatment of wound areas with drug-containing ointments and dressings is important. In this study, we investigated the effect of various ointment bases on skin wound healing in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats). Three ointment bases were used: white ointment (oil-based), absorbent cream (emulsion-based, w/o), and macrogol ointment (water-based). Skin wound healing in STZ rats was delayed compared with that in normal rats. Each of the three ointment bases was applied to the skin wound area in normal rats, and there was no difference in the therapeutic effect. The therapeutic effect of both white ointment and absorbent cream was higher in the STZ rats group than that in the non-treated group, and delayed wound healing was observed in STZ rats treated with macrogol ointment. In conclusion, skin wound healing in STZ rats is affected by the properties of the ointment base, and it is important to use an ointment base that controls the drying of the wound area in STZ rats. These findings provide information for the selection of ointment bases useful for application to skin wounds in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Ointment Bases; Ointments; Streptozocin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Quality of Life; Skin; Polyethylene Glycols
PubMed: 37121696
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00871 -
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... 2018Electrochemotherapy is a novel treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors utilizing the combination of electroporation and chemotherapeutic agents. Since tumors... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Electrochemotherapy is a novel treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors utilizing the combination of electroporation and chemotherapeutic agents. Since tumors have an increasing incidence nowadays as a result of environmental and genetic factors, electrochemotherapy could be a promising treatment for cancer patients.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to summarize the novel knowledge about the use of electroporation for antitumor treatments and to present a new application of electrochemotherapy with a well-known plant derived antitumor drug betulinic acid. For the review we have searched the databases of scientific and medical research to collect the available publications about the use of electrochemotherapy in the treatment of various types of cancer.
METHOD
By the utilization of the available knowledge, we investigated the effect of electroporation on the penetration of a topically applied betulinic acid formulation into the skin by ex vivo Raman spectroscopy on hairless mouse skin.
RESULTS
Raman measurements have demonstrated that the penetration depth of betulinic acid can be remarkably ameliorated by the use of electroporation, so this protocol can be a possibility for the treatment of deeper localized cancer nodules. Furthermore, it proved the influence of various treatment times, since they caused different spatial distributions of the drug in the skin.
CONCLUSION
The review demonstrates that electrochemotherapy is a promising tool to treat different kinds of tumors with high efficiency and with only a few moderate adverse effects. Moreover, it presents a non-invasive method to enhance the penetration of antitumor agents, which can offer novel prospects for antitumor therapies.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Proliferation; Electroporation; Humans; Ointments; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Skin Neoplasms; Triterpenes; Betulinic Acid
PubMed: 29141562
DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666171113120255 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Ointments; Dermatitis, Atopic; Tacrolimus; Hand; Immunosuppressive Agents; Treatment Outcome; Administration, Topical
PubMed: 31063816
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.058 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Sep 1989
Topics: Humans; Metals; Ointments; Pressure Ulcer
PubMed: 2770614
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb101212.x -
JAMA Ophthalmology Dec 2014
Topics: Anterior Chamber; Eye Diseases; Humans; Hypotension; Ointments; Phacoemulsification; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 25317548
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.553