-
Przeglad Dermatologiczny 1968
Review
Topics: Emulsions; Gels; Humans; Ointments; Paraffin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 4872803
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jun 2018Uncertainty regarding the suitable amount of prescribed ointment and its application by patients may cause insufficient or uneconomic health care provision. To address... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Uncertainty regarding the suitable amount of prescribed ointment and its application by patients may cause insufficient or uneconomic health care provision. To address this issue, standardized methods and experts' knowledge on the suitable amount and coherent patient's elucidation for application of topicals are needed.
OBJECTIVES
Presented are current data in routine care and scientific evidence on the prescribed amount of topical agents as well as its application by patients in dermatological care.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature review was conducted via PubMed using the keywords as individual and pooled search terms: "local therapy", "topical treatment", "prescription", "amount of ointment needed", "involved area", "BSA", "finger-tip-unit", "Rule of Hand", "calculated dosage" and "rule of nines". We included original studies by manually screening title and abstract according to the relevance of the topic.
RESULTS
The search strategy identified 19 clinical trials. The fingertip unit (FTU) is the most frequently used measurement for accurate application of external agents. Appropriate prescribed amount is calculated by required topical agent per involved surface area.
CONCLUSIONS
There is still a need for clarification to which extent the optimized amount of ointment is prescribed and advice for its application in routine care is given. The FTU combined with the "Rule of Hand" is an adequate measurement for patient's guidance on self-application.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Humans; Ointments
PubMed: 29247255
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-017-4088-z -
Computational Intelligence and... 2022The long-term clinical practice shows that Zizhu ointment (ZZO) is an empirical formula for the treatment of diabetic ulcers (DUs). In this study, we investigated the...
OBJECTIVE
The long-term clinical practice shows that Zizhu ointment (ZZO) is an empirical formula for the treatment of diabetic ulcers (DUs). In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of ZZO in the treatment of DU mice.
METHODS
Through streptozotocin induction and high-fat diet, a DU mouse model was established and ZZO was given for treatment. The activation of Notch4 signaling was examined by immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, as well as Western blotting. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the counts of F4/80+ cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, as well as the expression of CD11c, CD206, etc. The role of Notch4 in wound healing in diabetic mice was verified by Notch4 inhibitors and agonists.
RESULTS
Accelerated wound healing and decreased expression levels of Notch4 and its target genes and ligands were observed in diabetic mice treated with ZZO. ZZO promoted M2 macrophage polarization, downregulated the expression of proinflammatory factors, and upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory factors. The same tendency was observed in diabetic mice after treatment with Notch4 inhibitors. Knockout of Notch4 accelerated the wound healing rate as well.
CONCLUSIONS
ZZO accelerates wound healing of diabetic mice through inhibiting the activation of Notch4 signaling, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, and alleviating inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Ointments; Signal Transduction; Ulcer; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35619768
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5173836 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2010Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disease in children, and its prevalence is increasing. It is a chronic disorder, characterized by intermittent flares and... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disease in children, and its prevalence is increasing. It is a chronic disorder, characterized by intermittent flares and phases of remission. Treatment regimens often require multiple therapies. These can vary between patients, and in an individual patient, depending on the state of disease. The traditional treatment for AD flares is topical corticosteroids, which are fast acting and effective for relief of symptoms, but may cause adverse effects, including those resulting from systemic absorption, particularly in children. Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) are alternative treatments for AD. Tacrolimus ointment, a TCI, is approved for patients aged 2 years and older. Multiple studies have shown that tacrolimus is effective for short-term relief of symptoms in pediatric patients with AD. Long-term trials have demonstrated that the effectiveness of tacrolimus is maintained for up to 4 years in children. Additional studies have revealed that long-term intermittent use of tacrolimus as part of maintenance therapy can prevent AD flares. Tacrolimus has a low potential for systemic accumulation, and analysis of long-term studies indicates that it has a good safety profile. Treatment with tacrolimus, alone or in combination with topical corticosteroids for acute flares, may be a useful option for long-term management of AD in pediatric patients.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ointments; Tacrolimus
PubMed: 20678096
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01223.x -
Medicine Nov 2022Psoriasis is a kind of chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, skin hyperplasia, scales and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Psoriasis Vulgaris, the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Psoriasis is a kind of chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, skin hyperplasia, scales and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Psoriasis Vulgaris, the most common kind of psoriasis, severely deteriorates the life quality of patients. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a good choice for the treatment of psoriasis, which has been proved to be safe and effective, and may reduce the recurrence rate. In clinical practice, Liangxue Jiedu Runzhi (LJR) ointment can effectively treat mild and moderate psoriasis with blood-heat syndrome, but there is a lack of evidence-based medical evidence. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LJR ointment for the treatment of mild and moderate psoriasis with blood-heat syndrome.
METHODS
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and self-controlled clinical trial was carried out according to this paper. The symmetrical rashes of each subject were regarded as the target lesions and were randomly divided into a treatment group (LJR ointment group) and a control group (placebo group). The LJR ointment or placebo ointment were externally administered on bilateral symmetric rashes, twice a day for eight weeks. The follow-up examination was made for subjects every two weeks. The primary research finding was conveyed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) in 8 weeks. The secondary research finding includes adverse events.
RESULTS
46 subjects undergo this research project. The difference between PASI scores of the target lesions in the treatment group and control group is statistically significant were in 8 weeks (P < .001). The percentage of PASI 75 in treatment group and control group were 48% and 15% in week 8, respectively (x2 = 11.33, P < .05). No severe adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
LJR ointment was proved to have efficacy in the treatment of mild and moderate psoriasis with the blood-heat syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Ointments; Hyperplasia; Hot Temperature; Psoriasis; Double-Blind Method; Syndrome
PubMed: 36397446
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031784 -
Journal of Oleo Science Dec 2022Eucalyptol is a major volatile constituent among well-known wound healing medicinal plants. The current study evaluated eucalyptol wound healing activity in the rat's...
Eucalyptol is a major volatile constituent among well-known wound healing medicinal plants. The current study evaluated eucalyptol wound healing activity in the rat's third-degree skin-burn model. The parameters, i.e., skin-healing, oxidative/antioxidant markers, pro-/anti-inflammatory markers, were evaluated after 1- and 2-weeks of treatment regimens with 5% eucalyptol ointment. Eucalyptol-loaded ointment base of 5% w/w strength was formulated using fusion method and physically evaluated for consistency, stability, and homogeneity. A 25-rats were divided randomly into intact, negative control (untreated), silver sulfadiazine (SS, positive control), 1-week, and 2-weeks treated eucalyptol groups. Using an aluminum cylinder (120℃, 10 second duration), 3-degree skin burns were created on the rat's dorsum. Skin biopsies were collected at the end of the experiment for biochemical and histological investigations. Compared to the negative group; time-dependent wound size reduction and decreased edema were observed in eucalyptol-treated animals. Histopathological examinations demonstrated epidermis integrity, decreased neutrophil, and increased capillaries number in the 2-weeks and SS groups, compared to the negative and 1-week treated eucalyptol groups. Compared to the untreated animals, the 1- and 2-weeks eucalyptol treated groups' demonstrated significantly increased antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD, p=0.002 and p=0.003, respectively) and reduced lipid peroxide (LP, p=0.005 and p=0.0006, respectively). However, a significant increment of catalase (CAT, p=0.0009) was found only in the 2-weeks of eucalyptol group at a level of 2.42 ± 0.39 ng/g compared to 1.14 ± 0.04 ng/g in the untreated animals. Also, significant reductions in the cytokines, IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05); and increase in the pro-angiogenic marker, IL-10, were detected in the 2-weeks (p=0.001) and SS (p=0.002) treated animals compared to the negative and 1-week eucalyptol treated groups. The study concluded that eucalyptol induced significant duration-based wound healing properties attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Ointments; Antioxidants; Eucalyptol; Wound Healing; Burns; Skin; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 36336343
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22214 -
The Practitioner May 1946
Topics: Humans; Ointment Bases; Ointments
PubMed: 21028033
DOI: No ID Found -
The Pharmaceutical Journal Apr 1946
Topics: Humans; Ointments
PubMed: 21027213
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of crisaborole ointment in the treatment of vulvar leukoplakia. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of crisaborole ointment in the treatment of vulvar leukoplakia.
METHODS
A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted, and a total of 100 patients with vulvar leukoplakia were divided into the observation group (n=50) treated with crisaborole ointment and the control group (n=50) treated with vitamin E. The symptom improvement and vulvar leukoplakia score after 2 weeks of treatment were analyzed, and the clinical efficacy of vulvar leukoplakia was evaluated by referring to the Guidelines for Clinical Research of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2018 Edition).
RESULTS
After 2 weeks of treatment, the overall score of lesions in the observation group decreased, and the total treatment efficiency of patients in the observation group was 92% (46/50), which was significantly higher than that of 52% (26/50) in the control group P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Crisaborole ointment can effectively treat vulvar leukoplakia, improving the symptoms and pathological changes of the vulvar skin.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Ointments; Prospective Studies; Double-Blind Method; Treatment Outcome; Leukoplakia
PubMed: 36820717
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220801 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jul 1981
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Kinetics; Nitroglycerin; Ointments
PubMed: 6790698
DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600700740