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Cancer Science May 2020Artificial intelligence (AI) has contributed substantially to the resolution of a variety of biomedical problems, including cancer, over the past decade. Deep learning,... (Review)
Review
Artificial intelligence (AI) has contributed substantially to the resolution of a variety of biomedical problems, including cancer, over the past decade. Deep learning, a subfield of AI that is highly flexible and supports automatic feature extraction, is increasingly being applied in various areas of both basic and clinical cancer research. In this review, we describe numerous recent examples of the application of AI in oncology, including cases in which deep learning has efficiently solved problems that were previously thought to be unsolvable, and we address obstacles that must be overcome before such application can become more widespread. We also highlight resources and datasets that can help harness the power of AI for cancer research. The development of innovative approaches to and applications of AI will yield important insights in oncology in the coming decade.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Deep Learning; Genomics; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 32133724
DOI: 10.1111/cas.14377 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Mar 2022Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Canada and a significant cause of morbidity for patients and their loved ones. There have been rapid advances in... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Canada and a significant cause of morbidity for patients and their loved ones. There have been rapid advances in preventing, screening and treating this disease. Here, we present a contemporary review of treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in Canada based on current best practices. The focus of this review is to highlight recent data in screening for lung cancer, management of patients with early and locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer, as well as management of patients with metastatic disease. There is a special focus on the incorporation of immunotherapy into practice and its associated toxicities.
Topics: Canada; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; General Practitioners; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 35323350
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030150 -
Gynecologic Oncology Mar 2021In 2014, the Society of Gynecologic Oncology's Clinical Practice Committee published a clinical update reviewing the treatment of women with endometrial cancer. At that... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In 2014, the Society of Gynecologic Oncology's Clinical Practice Committee published a clinical update reviewing the treatment of women with endometrial cancer. At that time, there had been significant advances in the diagnosis, work-up, surgical management, and available treatment options allowing for more optimal care of affected women. Despite these advances, the incidence of endometrial cancer as well as the deaths attributable to the disease have continued to rise; from 1987 to 2014 there has been a 75% increase in cases and almost 300% increase in endometrial cancer deaths. Fortunately, since then, there has been progress in the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer with increased utilization of molecular pathology, greater understanding of genetic predisposition, enhanced methods for lymph node assessment, a broader understanding of the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy, and a more efficient approach to survivorship and surveillance. The purpose of this document is to present a comprehensive review of this progress.
MANUSCRIPT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
The authors reviewed the available evidence, contributed to the development of this manuscript, provided critical review of the guidelines, and finalized the manuscript recommendations. The review was also presented to and approved by the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Clinical Practice Committee, SGO Publications Committee, and the SGO board members prior to submission for publication. The recommendations for this manuscript were developed by a panel of gynecologic oncologists who were members of the SGO Clinical Practice and Education Committees. Panelists reviewed and considered evidence from current uterine cancer literature. The terminology used in these guidelines was adopted from the ASCCP management guidelines [1] using a two-part rating system to grade the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence (Table 1). The rating for each recommendation is given in parentheses.
Topics: Endometrial Neoplasms; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33516529
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.021 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2022Precision oncology is a novel research field and approach to cancer care which leverages high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines to... (Review)
Review
Precision oncology is a novel research field and approach to cancer care which leverages high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines to determine diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients in a personalized manner. This chapter provides an overview of a typical precision oncology software platform, from raw data to patient reports. Standard and advanced analytical components are described and discussed, along with their strengths and limitations, in general and in the context of a precision oncology application for advanced cancer patients.
Topics: Computational Biology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 35230680
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91836-1_1 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Apr 2020Systemic therapy is an essential part of treatment for all patients with small-cell lung cancer (sclc) and for most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc).... (Review)
Review
Systemic therapy is an essential part of treatment for all patients with small-cell lung cancer (sclc) and for most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc). Standards of care have evolved dramatically since 2009, especially in the setting of incurable or advanced nsclc. Part of that evolution has been the incorporation of immuno-oncology drugs, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (icis) into multiple therapeutic scenarios. In the present review, we discuss the role of the immune system in lung cancer and the previous failures of immunotherapy for patients with lung cancer. We then provide an overview of the existing evidence for the use of icis in patients with advanced nsclc that is either treatment-naïve or pretreated, for consolidative treatment after chemoradiotherapy in stage iii nsclc, and for palliative therapy in patients with sclc. Finally, we discuss duration of treatment, special populations, and the future of immuno-oncology for patients with lung cancer. Overall, we provide an evidence-based snapshot of immuno-oncology agents in the treatment of lung cancer up to early 2019.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 32368177
DOI: 10.3747/co.27.5183 -
Gynecologic Oncology Aug 2017The emphasis in contemporary medical oncology has been "precision" or "personalized" medicine, terms that imply a strategy to improve efficacy through targeted... (Review)
Review
The emphasis in contemporary medical oncology has been "precision" or "personalized" medicine, terms that imply a strategy to improve efficacy through targeted therapies. Similar attempts at precision are occurring in surgical oncology. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has recently been introduced into the surgical staging of endometrial cancer with the goal to reduce morbidity associated with comprehensive lymphadenectomy, yet obtain prognostic information from lymph node status. The Society of Gynecologic Oncology's (SGO) Clinical Practice Committee and SLN Working Group reviewed the current literature for preparation of this document. Literature-based recommendations for the inclusion of SLN assessment in the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer are presented. This article examines.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Carcinosarcoma; Colorimetry; Coloring Agents; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Gynecology; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Lymph Node Excision; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous; Organotechnetium Compounds; Sentinel Lymph Node; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Societies, Medical; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Surgical Oncology
PubMed: 28566221
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.05.027 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Sep 2022Proper treatment of the patient with cancer depends on an accurate diagnosis of the tumor and is further directed by prognostic and more recently therapeutic molecular... (Review)
Review
Proper treatment of the patient with cancer depends on an accurate diagnosis of the tumor and is further directed by prognostic and more recently therapeutic molecular signatures in the era of precision medicine. Molecular oncology testing provides diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information derived from the tumor genome. The aim of this review is to provide valuable information to laboratories for choosing optimal clinical specimens for molecular oncology testing by evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of different sample types from the procurement, processing, and pre-analytic selection matching to different test platforms.
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Prognosis
PubMed: 36150817
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.04.002 -
Seminars in Oncology Jun 2018
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms
PubMed: 30301565
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.08.001 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2017Based on necropsy review, neoplasia in reptiles has a comparable frequency to that of mammals and birds. Reptile neoplasia is now more frequently diagnosed in clinical... (Review)
Review
Based on necropsy review, neoplasia in reptiles has a comparable frequency to that of mammals and birds. Reptile neoplasia is now more frequently diagnosed in clinical practice based on increased use of advanced diagnostic techniques and improvements in reptilian husbandry allowing greater longevity of these species. This article reviews the current literature on neoplasia in reptiles, and focuses on advanced diagnostics and therapeutic options for reptilian patientssuffering neoplastic disease. Although most applied clinical reptile oncology is translated from dog and cat oncology, considerations specific to reptilian patients commonly encountered in clinical practice (turtles, tortoises, snakes, and lizards) are presented.
Topics: Animals; Neoplasms; Reptiles
PubMed: 27890294
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.07.003 -
Cancer Communications (London, England) Oct 2022In China, lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality. Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use, family history, radiation exposure,... (Review)
Review
In China, lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality. Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use, family history, radiation exposure, and the presence of chronic lung diseases. Most early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients miss the optimal timing for treatment due to the lack of clinical presentations. Population-based nationwide screening programs are of significant help in increasing the early detection and survival rates of NSCLC in China. The understanding of molecular carcinogenesis and the identification of oncogenic drivers dramatically facilitate the development of targeted therapy for NSCLC, thus prolonging survival in patients with positive drivers. In the exploration of immune escape mechanisms, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor monotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy have become a standard of care for advanced NSCLC in China. In the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology's guidelines for NSCLC, maintenance immunotherapy is recommended for locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy. Adjuvant immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy will be approved for resectable NSCLC. In this review, we summarized recent advances in NSCLC in China in terms of epidemiology, biology, molecular pathology, pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Topics: B7-H1 Antigen; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lung Neoplasms; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
PubMed: 36075878
DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12359