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Dermatologic Clinics Apr 2015Nail disorders are difficult to treat and often frustrating both for patients and clinicians. Because of the slow growth rate of the nail plate and the difficulty of... (Review)
Review
Nail disorders are difficult to treat and often frustrating both for patients and clinicians. Because of the slow growth rate of the nail plate and the difficulty of getting the drug actives to penetrate the nail tissues, it is usually necessary to wait several months before seeing the results of treatments. This delay often leads to discontinuation of therapy by the patients. This article therefore helps clinicians to find the right treatment of the 5 most common nail disorders (brittle nails, onycholysis, paronychia, psoriasis, and onychomycosis) and provides practical tips that might improve patients' compliance.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Nail Diseases; Onycholysis; Onychomycosis; Paronychia; Psoriasis
PubMed: 25828710
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2014.12.001 -
Seminars in Dermatology Mar 1991Onycholysis is commonly seen in dermatological practice. To treat this disorder properly, it must be approached in an orderly manner. The cause must be ascertained and... (Review)
Review
Onycholysis is commonly seen in dermatological practice. To treat this disorder properly, it must be approached in an orderly manner. The cause must be ascertained and eliminated, if possible. General treatment principles and specific recommendations for diagnosis and therapy have been made.
Topics: Humans; Nail Diseases; Nails, Malformed
PubMed: 2018718
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Dermatology Aug 2022
Review
Topics: Humans; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Nail Diseases; Nails; Onycholysis
PubMed: 35307858
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16358 -
Journal of the European Academy of... May 2015Onycholysis - the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed occurs in fingers and toenails. It is diagnosed by the whitish appearance of the separated nail plate... (Review)
Review
Onycholysis - the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed occurs in fingers and toenails. It is diagnosed by the whitish appearance of the separated nail plate from the nail bed. In fingers, the majority is caused by trauma, manicuring, occupational or self-induced behavior. The most common disease producing fingernail onycholysis is psoriasis and pustular psoriasis. Phototoxic dermatitis, due to drugs can also produce finger onycholysis. Once the separation occurs, the environmental flora sets up temporary colonization in the available space. Finger onycholysis is most common in women. Candida albicans is often recovered from the onycholytic space. Many reports, want to associate the yeast as cause and effect, but the data are lacking and the treatment of the candida does not improve finger onycholysis. A reasonable explanation for the frequent isolation of Candida and Pseudomonas in fingernail onycholysis in women, is the close proximity the fingers have to the vaginal and gastrointestinal tract. Fifty per cent of humans harbour C. albicans in the GI tract and it is frequently carried to the vagina during hygienic practices. Finger onycholysis is best treated by drying the nail 'lytic' area with a hair blower, since all colonizing biota are moisture loving and perish in a dry environment. Toenail onycholysis has a very different etiology. It is mechanical, the result of pressure on the toes from the closed shoes, while walking, because of the ubiquitous uneven flat feet producing an asymmetric gait with more pressure on the foot with the flatter sole.
Topics: Fingers; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Onycholysis; Onychomycosis; Toes
PubMed: 25512134
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12862 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Mar 2020
Topics: Antimalarials; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Young Adult
PubMed: 32343652
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0196 -
Recent Patents on Inflammation &... 2020Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of onychomycosis.
METHODS
A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "onychomycosis". The search was conducted in May 2019. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 20 years. The search was restricted to English literature. Patents were searched using the key term "onychomycosis" in www.freepatentsonline.com.
RESULTS
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. Approximately 90% of toenail and 75% of fingernail onychomycosis are caused by dermatophytes, notably Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. Clinical manifestations include discoloration of the nail, subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, and onychauxis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by direct microscopic examination with a potassium hydroxide wet-mount preparation, histopathologic examination of the trimmed affected nail plate with a periodic-acid-Schiff stain, fungal culture, or polymerase chain reaction assays. Laboratory confirmation of onychomycosis before beginning a treatment regimen should be considered. Currently, oral terbinafine is the treatment of choice, followed by oral itraconazole. In general, topical monotherapy can be considered for mild to moderate onychomycosis and is a therapeutic option when oral antifungal agents are contraindicated or cannot be tolerated. Recent patents related to the management of onychomycosis are also discussed.
CONCLUSION
Oral antifungal therapies are effective, but significant adverse effects limit their use. Although topical antifungal therapies have minimal adverse events, they are less effective than oral antifungal therapies, due to poor nail penetration. Therefore, there is a need for exploring more effective and/or alternative treatment modalities for the treatment of onychomycosis which are safer and more effective.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Onychomycosis; Patents as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31738146
DOI: 10.2174/1872213X13666191026090713 -
Dermatologic Therapy Aug 2022
Topics: Docetaxel; Hemorrhage; Humans; Nail Diseases; Onycholysis
PubMed: 35536595
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15578 -
Human Factors Sep 2023Spacesuits are designed to be reliable personal spacecraft that preserve the life and well-being of the astronaut from the extremes of space. However, materials,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Spacesuits are designed to be reliable personal spacecraft that preserve the life and well-being of the astronaut from the extremes of space. However, materials, operating pressures, and suit design requirements often result in a risk of musculoskeletal discomfort and injury to various areas of the body. In particular, this investigation looked at fingernails and their risk of developing onycholysis.
METHODS
An onycholysis literature review was followed by a retrospective analysis of injury characteristics, astronaut suited training and spaceflight events, hand anthropometry, glove sizing, and astronaut demographics. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of onycholysis occurrence by testing potential risk variables against the dataset compiled from the retrospective data mining.
RESULTS
The duration of event exposure, type of glove used, distance (delta) between the fingertip and the tip of the glove, sex, and age were found to be significantly related to occurrence of onycholysis (whether protective or injurious).
CONCLUSION
An initial risk formula (model) for onycholysis was developed as a result of this investigation. In addition to validation through a future study, further improvement to this onycholysis equation and spacesuit discomfort and injury in general can be aided by future investigations that lead to better definition of the threshold between safe and risky exposure for each type of risk factor.
APPLICATION
This work described a potential method that can be used for EVA spacesuit glove onycholysis injury risk analysis for either iterative glove design or between glove comparisons, such as during a product downselect process.
Topics: Humans; Astronauts; Extravehicular Activity; Nails; Onycholysis; Retrospective Studies; Space Flight
PubMed: 34961336
DOI: 10.1177/00187208211062299 -
Journal of Clinical Rheumatology :... Aug 2020
Topics: Humans; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Nail Diseases; Onycholysis
PubMed: 30801330
DOI: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001001 -
Cutis May 2011Onycholysis may be defined as separation of the nail plate from the underlying nail bed due to disruption of the onychocorneal band. Simple onycholysis is a common...
Onycholysis may be defined as separation of the nail plate from the underlying nail bed due to disruption of the onychocorneal band. Simple onycholysis is a common condition seen in the dermatologist's office. It is not associated with inheritance, systemic diseases or drugs, dermatophyte infections, warts or neoplasms, or primary dermatologic disease such as psoriasis or lichen planus. It is generally assumed that the longer the disorder has been present, the less likely it is to resolve. As a result, we provide directions that should be given to patients presenting with simple onycholysis.
Topics: Candida; Candidiasis; Humans; Onycholysis; Pseudomonas Infections; Time Factors
PubMed: 21699122
DOI: No ID Found