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Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2022This review provides an update on open-angle glaucoma with a special focus on the current non-invasive treatment modalities, side effects and interactions to topical... (Review)
Review
This review provides an update on open-angle glaucoma with a special focus on the current non-invasive treatment modalities, side effects and interactions to topical pressure-lowering eye drops that all treatment providers should be aware of. We highlight current challenges in terms of timely diagnosis and compliance and outline promising areas of research within the field.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Ophthalmic Solutions
PubMed: 35179112
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2022We report a case of a man in his 50s who developed open-angle glaucoma following neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser vitreolysis. Despite attempts to...
We report a case of a man in his 50s who developed open-angle glaucoma following neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser vitreolysis. Despite attempts to control the pressure with topical medication and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), surgical intervention using a Baerveldt glaucoma valve (BGV) was needed after which the intraocular pressure was controlled successfully. This rare but serious complication highlights the fact that in certain cases long-term monitoring of intraocular pressure is necessary following laser vitreolysis.
Topics: Aluminum; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Lasers, Solid-State; Male; Trabeculectomy; Yttrium
PubMed: 35487647
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-248937 -
Primary Care Mar 1989Open-angle glaucoma is a common cause of blindness and visual impairment, and is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure, optic nerve degeneration and visual... (Review)
Review
Open-angle glaucoma is a common cause of blindness and visual impairment, and is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure, optic nerve degeneration and visual field loss. Risk factors include increasing age, black race, positive family history and diabetes. Since many high risk individuals are seen periodically by primary care physicians, the office or clinic is a logical site for screening for open angle glaucoma. Tonometry is a useful screening maneuver, but is little used in the primary care setting. If primary care physicians can acquire the necessary skills, ophthalmoscopy may be a simple, safe and inexpensive alternative to tonometry.
Topics: Fundus Oculi; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Mass Screening; Ophthalmoscopy; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors; Tonometry, Ocular; Visual Field Tests
PubMed: 2649902
DOI: No ID Found -
The Medical Journal of Australia Nov 2002Early diagnosis of this otherwise progressive, asymptomatic process is essential.
Early diagnosis of this otherwise progressive, asymptomatic process is essential.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Australia; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Disease Progression; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Laser Therapy; Mass Screening; Neuroprotective Agents; Primary Prevention; Trabeculectomy
PubMed: 12428999
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04946.x -
Eye (London, England) May 2018Following a dramatic reduction in the cost of genotyping technology in recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of... (Review)
Review
Following a dramatic reduction in the cost of genotyping technology in recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of glaucoma. Glaucoma patients represent around a quarter of all outpatient activity in the UK hospital eye service and are a huge burden for the National Health Service. A potential benefit of genetic testing is personalised glaucoma management, allowing direction of our limited healthcare resources to the glaucoma patients who most need it. Our review aims to summarise recent discoveries in the field of glaucoma genetics and to discuss their potential clinical utility. While genome-wide association studies have now identified over ten genes associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), individually, variants in these genes are not predictive of POAG in populations. There are data suggesting some of these POAG variants are associated with conversion from ocular hypertension to POAG and visual field progression among POAG patients. However, these studies have not been replicated yet and such genetic testing is not currently justified in clinical care. In contrast, genetic testing for inherited early-onset disease in relatives of POAG patients with a known genetic mutation is of clear benefit; this can support either regular review to commence early treatment when the disease develops, or discharge from ophthalmology services of relatives who do not carry the mutation. Genetic testing for POAG at a population level is not currently justified.
Topics: Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Mutation; Ocular Hypertension; Precision Medicine; Visual Fields
PubMed: 29379103
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-017-0011-1 -
British Journal of Community Nursing Aug 2023It is estimated that 2.2 billion people are affected by impaired vision resulting from eye conditions. Chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG) is one such condition, which...
It is estimated that 2.2 billion people are affected by impaired vision resulting from eye conditions. Chronic open angle glaucoma (COAG) is one such condition, which primarily affects older adults, and is linked to other factors such as genetic predisposition, high blood pressure, diabetes and smoking. By 2025, it is projected that 44% of the UK's ageing population will have COAG. Vision loss due to this condition is irreversible. In this article, Penelope Stanford discusses the bioscience of COAG, and provides information on access to care and patient interventions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Vision Disorders; Risk Factors; Aging; Patient Care
PubMed: 37527218
DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.8.404 -
Vestnik Oftalmologii 2020The article reviews literature on developmental stages of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This problem is currently... (Review)
Review
The article reviews literature on developmental stages of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This problem is currently developing and one of the most complex in ophthalmology. The article considers main GWAS of POAG and established GWAS-significant polymorphisms associated with the disease. The topic of genome-wide studies of primary open-angle glaucoma will be of certain interest to ophthalmologists, materials on GWAS-significant loci can be used both in the selection of polymorphisms in replicative studies of POAG in various populations of Russia, and to expand ideas about the molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of the disease.
Topics: Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Russia
PubMed: 33056974
DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2020136051129 -
American Family Physician Mar 2023Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by progressive deterioration of the optic nerve that can lead to vision loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is...
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by progressive deterioration of the optic nerve that can lead to vision loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form in the United States. The risk of POAG increases with age, family history of glaucoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypotension, hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular disease, and myopia. Up to one-half of patients are undiagnosed because a diagnosis often requires monitoring over years to document changes suggesting POAG. These include a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.3 or greater, intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg on tonometry, nerve fiber layer defects identified on optical coherence tomography, and reproducible visual field defects. Topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications and selective laser trabeculoplasty are first-line treatments for POAG. Although POAG screening in the general adult population is not recommended, primary care physicians can help decrease POAG-related vision loss by identifying patients with risk factors and referring them for evaluation by an eye specialist. Medicare covers evaluations in patients at high risk. Primary care physicians should encourage medication adherence and identify barriers to treatment. The other type of glaucoma is angle-closure glaucoma, in which the flow of aqueous humor is obstructed. Angle-closure glaucoma can occur acutely with pupillary dilation and is an ophthalmologic emergency. The goal of treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma is to reduce intraocular pressure quickly with medications or surgery, then prevent the recurrence of the obstruction to aqueous flow by a definitive ophthalmologic procedure.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Aged; United States; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Medicare; Glaucoma; Intraocular Pressure; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 36920817
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the National Medical... Jan 2009Glaucoma represents the second most common cause of blindness in the United States affecting approximately 2 million Americans, with many others unaware of being... (Review)
Review
Glaucoma represents the second most common cause of blindness in the United States affecting approximately 2 million Americans, with many others unaware of being afflicted. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the most common of all types of glaucoma, leads to progressive optic nerve damage. If left untreated, POAG can lead to irreversible blindness. Since POAG is a relatively asymptomatic disease, prevention of long-term complications must be accomplished with regular screening for early detection and appropriate treatment. Primary care physicians play a critical role in screening at-risk populations and, therefore, reducing the risk of visual loss that characterizes advanced stages of POAG.
Topics: Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 19245072
DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30811-7 -
Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology Jan 2017Glaucoma is a leading cause of global irreversible blindness. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma and affects 44.1 million individuals... (Review)
Review
Glaucoma is a leading cause of global irreversible blindness. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma and affects 44.1 million individuals worldwide. Elevation of intraocular pressure and impairment of vascular supply to the optic nerve head are two key pathogenic processes in the development of POAG. In this regard, chronic systemic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity have been postulated to be correlated with these two pathogenic processes. Thus, it is plausible that chronic systemic diseases may act as risk factors for POAG. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the associations of chronic systemic diseases with POAG. These information will help to further ascertain the risk factors for POAG and improve the early detection of POAG.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Global Health; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 27083150
DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12763