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Survey of Ophthalmology 2022Retinal vascular diseases are a leading cause for blindness and partial sight certifications. By applying adaptive optics (AO) to conventional imaging modalities, the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Retinal vascular diseases are a leading cause for blindness and partial sight certifications. By applying adaptive optics (AO) to conventional imaging modalities, the microstructures of the retinal vasculature can be observed with high spatial resolution, hence offering a unique opportunity for the exploration of the human microcirculation. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the current state of retinal vascular biomarkers imaged by AO flood illumination ophthalmoscopy (FIO) and AO scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO). A literature research was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases on July 9, 2020. From 217 screened studies, 42 were eligible for this review. All studies underwent a quality check regarding their content. A meta-analysis was performed for the biomarkers reported for the same pathology in at least three studies using the same modality. The most frequently studied vascular biomarkers were the inner diameter (ID), outer diameter (OD), parietal thickness (PT), wall cross-sectional area (WCSA), and wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR). The applicability of AO vascular biomarkers has been mostly explored in systemic hypertension using AO FIO and in diabetes using AO SLO. The result of the meta-analysis for hypertensive patients showed that WLR, PT, and ID were significantly different when compared to healthy controls, while WCSA was not (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, P < 0.001, and P = 0.070, respectively). The presented review shows that, although a substantial number of retinal vascular biomarkers have been explored in AO en face imaging, further clinical research and standardization of procedures is needed to validate such biomarkers for the longitudinal monitoring of arterial hypertension and other diseases.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Optics and Photonics; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Vessels
PubMed: 34090882
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.05.012 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Nursing &... 2000
Review
Topics: Allied Health Personnel; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Ophthalmoscopy
PubMed: 11249241
DOI: No ID Found -
Practical Neurology Oct 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Pandemics; Personal Protective Equipment; Pneumonia, Viral; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32830119
DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002650 -
Medical World Oct 1957
Topics: Ophthalmoscopy
PubMed: 13477062
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Emergency Care Jun 2001Thorough knowledge about the basic ophthalmic examination is instrumental in the emergency department (ED) to determine the severity of eye emergencies and to develop a... (Review)
Review
Thorough knowledge about the basic ophthalmic examination is instrumental in the emergency department (ED) to determine the severity of eye emergencies and to develop a plan for treatment, including the possible need for an ophthalmology consultation. The direct ophthalmoscope is undoubtedly the most practical instrument available to a pediatric emergency physician for ophthalmic examination. However, the information elicited by its use is dependent on the quality of the instrument and the competency of the user. A greater understanding of the range of possibilities of the direct ophthalmoscope as a diagnostic tool will facilitate more efficient care of the pediatric patient.
Topics: Child; Emergency Medical Services; Emergency Medicine; Eye Diseases; History, 19th Century; Humans; Ophthalmoscopes; Ophthalmoscopy; Pediatrics
PubMed: 11437148
DOI: 10.1097/00006565-200106000-00013 -
Expert Review of Medical Devices Oct 2016Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a noninvasive imaging method to detect fundus endogenous fluorophores, mainly lipofuscin located in the retinal pigment epithelium... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a noninvasive imaging method to detect fundus endogenous fluorophores, mainly lipofuscin located in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The FAF provides information about lipofuscin distribution and RPE health, and consequently an increased accumulation of lipofuscin has been correlated with ageing and development of certain retinal conditions. Areas covered: An exhaustive literature search in MEDLINE (via OVID) and PUBMED for articles related to ocular FAF in retinal diseases and different devices used for acquiring FAF imaging was conducted. Expert commentary: This review aims to show an overview about autofluorescence in the RPE and the main devices used for acquiring these FAF images. The knowledge of differences in the optical principles, acquisition images and the image post-processing between confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and modified conventional fundus camera will improve the FAF images interpretation when are used as a complementary diagnosis and monitoring tool of retinal diseases.
Topics: Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Lasers; Ophthalmoscopy; Photography
PubMed: 27634136
DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1236678 -
Transactions of the American... 1965
Topics: Ophthalmoscopes; Ophthalmoscopy
PubMed: 5859789
DOI: No ID Found -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) Aug 2017We describe the use of Google Cardboard for indirect ophthalmoscopy without dedicated ophthalmic equipment and with minimal cost. A smartphone is loaded with the camera...
We describe the use of Google Cardboard for indirect ophthalmoscopy without dedicated ophthalmic equipment and with minimal cost. A smartphone is loaded with the camera and light extruding laterally, and the image centered on the examiner’s dominant eye. The second acrylic lens, measuring approximately 22D, serves as an indirect lens.
Topics: Eye Diseases; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Video Recording; Web Browser
PubMed: 28719487
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001772 -
Optometry and Vision Science : Official... Apr 2010Adaptive optics (AO) describes a set of tools to correct or control aberrations in any optical system. In the eye, AO allows for precise control of the ocular... (Review)
Review
Adaptive optics (AO) describes a set of tools to correct or control aberrations in any optical system. In the eye, AO allows for precise control of the ocular aberrations. If used to correct aberrations over a large pupil, for example, cellular level resolution in retinal images can be achieved. AO systems have been demonstrated for advanced ophthalmoscopy as well as for testing and/or improving vision. In fact, AO can be integrated to any ophthalmic instrument where the optics of the eye is involved, with a scope of applications ranging from phoropters to optical coherence tomography systems. In this article, I discuss the applications and advantages of using AO in a specific system, the AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Since the Borish award was, in part, awarded to me because of this effort, I felt it appropriate to select this as the topic for this article. Furthermore, users of AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope continue to appreciate the benefits of the technology, some of which were not anticipated at the time of development, and so it is time to revisit this topic and summarize them in a single article.
Topics: Equipment Design; Humans; Lenses; Ophthalmoscopes; Ophthalmoscopy
PubMed: 20160657
DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181d39479 -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) May 2019
Topics: Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Ophthalmoscopy; Retina; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 30829990
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002517