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Anticancer Research Aug 2019Genotoxicity is the capacity of an agent to induce damage to DNA. Given the close relationship between genotoxicity and carcinogenesis, several assays have been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIM
Genotoxicity is the capacity of an agent to induce damage to DNA. Given the close relationship between genotoxicity and carcinogenesis, several assays have been developed for detecting genetic damage. Among them, the single-cell gel (comet) assay plays an important role for evaluating DNA damage in mammalian cells, including those of the oral cavity. The purpose of this article was to provide a critical review of the application of single-cell gel comet assay to buccal cells.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search of the scientific literature was conducted of published studies available on single-cell gel comet assay and oral cells.
RESULTS
The results showed that the majority of studies were conducted on humans, whereas few were designed for use in rodents and in vitro.
CONCLUSION
Further studies within the field are relevant for better understanding the underlying mechanisms of genotoxicity in oral cells, especially since the use of humans is quite complicated due to issues of ethics.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Comet Assay; DNA; DNA Damage; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Mutagens; Single-Cell Analysis
PubMed: 31366482
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13556 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021The oral cavity is a portal into the digestive system, which exhibits unique sensory properties. Like facial skin, the oral mucosa needs to be exquisitely sensitive and... (Review)
Review
The oral cavity is a portal into the digestive system, which exhibits unique sensory properties. Like facial skin, the oral mucosa needs to be exquisitely sensitive and selective, in order to detect harmful toxins versus edible food. Chemosensation and somatosensation by multiple receptors, including transient receptor potential channels, are well-developed to meet these needs. In contrast to facial skin, however, the oral mucosa rarely exhibits itch responses. Like the gut, the oral cavity performs mechanical and chemical digestion. Therefore, the oral mucosa needs to be insensitive, to some degree, in order to endure noxious irritation. Persistent pain from the oral mucosa is often due to ulcers, involving both tissue injury and infection. Trigeminal nerve injury and trigeminal neuralgia produce intractable pain in the orofacial skin and the oral mucosa, through mechanisms distinct from those seen in the spinal area, which is particularly difficult to predict or treat. The diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic chronic pain, such as atypical odontalgia (idiopathic painful trigeminal neuropathy or post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy) and burning mouth syndrome, remain especially challenging. The central integration of gustatory inputs might modulate chronic oral and facial pain. A lack of pain in chronic inflammation inside the oral cavity, such as chronic periodontitis, involves the specialized functioning of oral bacteria. A more detailed understanding of the unique neurobiology of pain from the orofacial skin and the oral mucosa should help us develop novel methods for better treating persistent orofacial pain.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Pain; Face; Facial Pain; Humans; Mice; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Neuralgia; Periodontitis; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Trigeminal Nerve Injuries; Trigeminal Neuralgia
PubMed: 34071720
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115810 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Jun 2015Every medication may lead to adverse effects, even when used in standard doses and mode of application. In the oral cavity, adverse effects may affect every part of oral... (Review)
Review
Every medication may lead to adverse effects, even when used in standard doses and mode of application. In the oral cavity, adverse effects may affect every part of oral mucosa and are the result of medications taken either locally or systemically. Oral adverse reactions to drugs are not typical and therefore sometimes not easy to recognize. On diagnosing adverse side effects in the oral cavity, experienced clinician will usually diagnose the condition on the basis of detailed medical history and clinical finding. However, the only objective evidence for the offending drug is 're-challenge', i.e. exposure to the drug after its discontinuation. It carries a huge risk of anaphylactic reaction; therefore it has to be performed in a controlled hospital setting. Therapy is based on immediate exclusion of the offending drug and, if lesions are present in the oral cavity, topical or systemic corticosteroid therapy is prescribed. This article gives a review of patients with oral adverse drug reactions referred to the Department of Oral Medicine in Zagreb.
Topics: Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Diseases
PubMed: 26415318
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Radiology Oct 2011The oral cavity is a challenging area for radiological diagnosis. Soft-tissue, glandular structures and osseous relations are in close proximity and a sound... (Review)
Review
The oral cavity is a challenging area for radiological diagnosis. Soft-tissue, glandular structures and osseous relations are in close proximity and a sound understanding of radiological anatomy and common pathways of disease spread is required. In this pictorial review we present the anatomical and pathological concepts of the oral cavity with emphasis on the complementary nature of diagnostic imaging modalities.
Topics: Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mouth; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 21933981
DOI: 10.1259/bjr/70520972 -
Journal of Texture Studies Feb 2019The role of free-flowing saliva in taste perception is increasingly recognized, but saliva is also present in the mouth as films intimately associated to soft or hard... (Review)
Review
The role of free-flowing saliva in taste perception is increasingly recognized, but saliva is also present in the mouth as films intimately associated to soft or hard tissues. On mucosal surfaces, particularly on the tongue, the structure and composition of such films (including its microbial constitutive part) may play a particular role in the sense of taste due to their proximity with the taste anatomical structures. This review compiles the current knowledge on the structure of biological films adhering to oral mucosae and on their biochemical and microbiological composition, before presenting possible implications for taste perception. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The understanding of the role of oral biological films on taste perception may provide new avenues of research and development for the industry or academia interested broadly in chemosensation.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Biofilms; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Saliva; Taste; Taste Buds; Taste Perception; Tongue
PubMed: 30226267
DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12363 -
Oral Oncology Apr 2021Tracheal stoma recurrence following oral cavity surgery is exceedingly rare. Although several different mechanisms for this have been described, the pathogenesis still...
BACKGROUND
Tracheal stoma recurrence following oral cavity surgery is exceedingly rare. Although several different mechanisms for this have been described, the pathogenesis still remains uncertain.
METHODS
We present the case of a gentleman who presented 6-months following oral cavity SCC resection with a large fungating mass at his previous tracheostomy site, and also review the reported literature on this rare phenomenon.
RESULTS
Four weeks after diagnosis of his recurrence he underwent a total laryngectomy, wide-local skin excision and reconstruction with a pectoralis major pedicled flap. He recovered well initially following his operation, however unfortunately contracted nosocomial SARS-Cov2 and succumbed from respiratory complications during his post-operative recovery.
CONCLUSION
Stomal recurrence after temporary tracheostomy for oral cavity malignancies are very rare. Previously reported management of these can vary from surgical to palliative treatment. Methods to prevent these include delaying tracheostomy until after surgical resection, packing the pharynx during resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Tracheostomy
PubMed: 33229202
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105097 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020This study focused on documenting characteristics of the gingival transcriptome during various stages of periodontitis targeting genes associated with apoptotic and...
This study focused on documenting characteristics of the gingival transcriptome during various stages of periodontitis targeting genes associated with apoptotic and autophagic pathways and changes that specifically associate with features of the oral microbiome. ( = 18; 12-23 years) were examined at baseline and 0.5, 1, and 3 months of disease progression, as well as 5 months with clinical disease resolution. 16S sequencing and microarray analyses examined changes in the microbiome and gingival transcriptome, respectively, at each time point from every animal. Specific patterns of apoptotic and autophagic genes were identified related to the initiation and progression of disease. The analysis also provided insights on the principal bacteria within the complex microbiome whose abundance was significantly correlated with differences in apoptotic and autophagic gene expression. Bacteria were identified that formed associated complexes with similar effects on the host gene expression profiles. A complex of _unclassifed, _unclassified, sp. 317, and _[G-1] sp. 155 were significantly negatively correlated with both apoptosis and autophagy. Whereas, _[G-1], , and 539 were significantly positively correlated with both pathways, albeit this relationship was primarily associated with pro-apoptotic genes. The findings provide evidence for specific bacteria/bacterial complexes within the oral microbiome that appear to have a more substantive effect on regulating apoptotic and autophagic pathways in the gingival tissues with periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Gingiva; Macaca mulatta; Microbiota; Mouth; Periodontitis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33193408
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585414 -
Mycopathologia Aug 2020A relationship has been proposed between increases in oral Candida concentrations and host immunity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the...
BACKGROUND
A relationship has been proposed between increases in oral Candida concentrations and host immunity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between oral Candida mannan concentrations and symptoms/signs of ill health and the immune status and also to examine whether health/the immune status may be evaluated based on oral Candida mannan concentrations.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The health conditions of 25 healthy individuals and 10 cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy were assessed using a questionnaire and oral rinse solutions collected on consecutive days. Candida mannan concentrations in oral rinse solutions were measured using a commercial sandwich ELISA kit.
RESULTS
The use of dentures was identified as a significant independent factor increasing Candida mannan concentrations. In a stratified analysis based on the use of dentures, significantly increased Candida mannan concentrations were detected in healthy volunteers with chills and in cancer patients with slight/moderate fever (37.5-38.4 °C) (multivariate analysis, p < 0.01) who were non-denture users. These symptoms/signs may be associated with (pre-)infection, during which the immune system is activated and needs to function well.
CONCLUSIONS
The present results suggest that oral Candida mannan concentrations are a predictive marker for health/the immune status.
Topics: Biomarkers; Candida; Dentures; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Immune System; Mannans; Mouth; Neoplasms; Oral Health
PubMed: 32462380
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00458-5 -
British Medical Bulletin May 1975
Review
Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Connective Tissue; Diffusion; Endocytosis; Epithelial Attachment; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Gingiva; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Keratins; Methods; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Permeability
PubMed: 1100172
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071275 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Aug 1972
Review
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Dentures; Humans; Masticatory Muscles; Mouth; Perception; Periodontium; Sensory Receptor Cells; Temporomandibular Joint; Tooth
PubMed: 4556440
DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(72)90141-2