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Clinical Preventive Dentistry 1989The smoking habit is associated with a variety of deleterious changes in the mouth. In this review, the toxicology of tobacco smoke and its effects on the saliva, oral... (Review)
Review
The smoking habit is associated with a variety of deleterious changes in the mouth. In this review, the toxicology of tobacco smoke and its effects on the saliva, oral commensal bacteria and fungi, and oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes, are described. Smoking increases salivary flow rate, but does not alter the composition of plaque or its rate of deposition. Smoking appears to enhance anaerobiosis in the oral cavity, and depress the activity of oral leukocytes. Additionally, tobacco smoke components may have a selective toxic effect on particular species of microbiota. Gingival fluid exudate is reduced in smokers, with the consequence that the carriage of leukocytes and immunoglobulins is likely to be diminished.
Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Mouth; Sialorrhea; Smoking
PubMed: 2689047
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012Several drugs may have a number of adverse reactions (ADRs) involving the oro-facial region. The dose of the drug and the time required for the reaction to take place... (Review)
Review
Several drugs may have a number of adverse reactions (ADRs) involving the oro-facial region. The dose of the drug and the time required for the reaction to take place are relevant parameters; nonetheless, ADRs mechanisms are not always known and ADRs are not always predictable since aspects other than drug pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics, as well as various interacting variables contribute to the final outcome. All tissues and many functions of the oral cavity can be affected. In particular, salivary function is frequently involved and hypo-salivation is the main manifestation; several mucosal lesions with different morphology (ulcerations, vesiculobullous lesions, white lesions, pigmentations, swelling) are also possible. Taste, sensation and trigeminal function alterations have been reported and the recent evidence regarding the occurrence of jawbones osteonecrosis, especially in bisphosphonates treated patients, is increasing. Clinical management may be quite difficult due to the multiplicity of involved classes of drugs and substances (dental materials, foods), the variety of affected tissues and functions, the type of produced lesions and disturbances, the complexity of related pathogenetic mechanisms (if known), the difficulties in assessing causality and managing drug withdrawal and/or dose adjustment, as well as in establishing specific treatments, if any. In this paper the most common and significant oral ADRs, their related aspects and importance (including medico-legal implications) for health care providers will be discussed.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Salivation; Taste; Time Factors
PubMed: 22632392
DOI: 10.2174/138161212803307518 -
Journal of Periodontology Jan 1977The subject of oral factitious injuries is reviewed and four cases are reported. It is noted that self-inflicted oral injuries are not limited to the soft tissue but may...
The subject of oral factitious injuries is reviewed and four cases are reported. It is noted that self-inflicted oral injuries are not limited to the soft tissue but may result in destruction of bone and tooth structure. While children are more often the subjects of self-injurious behavior about the oral cavity, adults may also exhibit similar conduct. Emotional problems are often co-existent with self-inflicted oral injuries, however, in some cases there does not seem to be a readily descernible emotional disturbance. Since factitious injuries often pose diagnostic problems for the dentist, some diagnostic suggestions are included.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Periodontium; Self Mutilation; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 13173
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1977.48.1.33 -
Journal of Endodontics Aug 1991This report provides a review of the major biological events that occur in the oral mucoperiosteal tissues following simple surgical wounding. The chronological sequence... (Review)
Review
This report provides a review of the major biological events that occur in the oral mucoperiosteal tissues following simple surgical wounding. The chronological sequence and interrelationships of mucoperiosteal tissue wound healing responses are described. The objectives of this review are to provide clarification of wound healing terminology and a basic reference source for further investigative research into the wound healing responses to endodontic surgery.
Topics: Hemostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Mouth Mucosa; Periodontium; Wound Healing
PubMed: 1809806
DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81994-1 -
Journal of the American Dental... Aug 1989Dental practitioners are becoming more cognizant of the importance of saliva as they treat a greater number of older patients, especially those with medical problems... (Review)
Review
Dental practitioners are becoming more cognizant of the importance of saliva as they treat a greater number of older patients, especially those with medical problems requiring a variety of medications that have xerostomia as a side effect. This article discusses salivary composition and function in a broad perspective, relating them to clinical concerns and current research. Understanding the role of saliva in maintaining health, as well as its relation to oral disease, is vital to the competent dental practitioner.
Topics: Homeostasis; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Saliva; Tooth; Xerostomia
PubMed: 2671090
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1989.0211 -
Journal of Human Lactation : Official... Jun 1998
Review
Topics: Breast; Breast Feeding; Child Development; Female; Humans; Infant; Mouth; Sucking Behavior
PubMed: 9775838
DOI: 10.1177/089033449801400203 -
Journal of Prosthodontics : Official... Sep 1992An increasing number of head and neck cancer patients are undergoing radiotherapy along or in conjunction with other treatment modalities. Radiotherapy extending over a... (Review)
Review
An increasing number of head and neck cancer patients are undergoing radiotherapy along or in conjunction with other treatment modalities. Radiotherapy extending over a period of weeks produces a variety of clinical manifestations. This article discusses the physiological changes that occur due to radiotherapy to elucidate the changes seen clinically.
Topics: Cranial Irradiation; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Masticatory Muscles; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Periodontium; Radiotherapy; Tooth; Tooth Eruption; Xerostomia
PubMed: 1308219
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.1992.tb00425.x -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Apr 1980
Review
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Basement Membrane; Crystallography; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Glucosamine; Humans; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Mouth; Periodontium; Tooth; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Germ
PubMed: 7017125
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Jan 2017Sensory function in the oral cavity and oropharynx is integral to effective deglutition and speech production. The main hurdle to evaluation of tactile consequences of...
IMPORTANCE
Sensory function in the oral cavity and oropharynx is integral to effective deglutition and speech production. The main hurdle to evaluation of tactile consequences of upper aerodigestive tract diseases and treatments is access to a reliable clinical tool. We propose a rapid and reliable procedure to determine tactile thresholds using buckling monofilaments to advance care.
OBJECTIVE
To develop novel sensory testing monofilaments and map tactile thresholds of oral cavity and oropharyngeal structures.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A prospective cross-sectional study of 37 healthy adults (12 men, 25 women), specifically without a medical history of head and neck surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, was carried out in an academic tertiary medical center to capture normative data on tactile sensory function in oral structures.
INTERVENTIONS
Cheung-Bearelly monofilaments were constructed by securing nylon monofilament sutures (2-0 through 9-0) in the lumen of 5-French ureteral catheters, exposing 20 mm for tapping action.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Buckling force consistency was evaluated for 3 lots of each suture size. Sensory thresholds of 4 oral cavity and 2 oropharyngeal subsites in healthy participants (n = 37) were determined by classical signal detection methodology (d-prime ≥1). In 21 participants, test-retest reliability of sensory thresholds was evaluated. Separately in 16 participants, sensory thresholds determined by a modified staircase method were cross-validated with those obtained by classical signal detection.
RESULTS
Buckling forces of successive suture sizes were distinct (P < .001), consistent (Cronbach α, 0.99), and logarithmically related (r = 0.99, P < .001). Test-retest reliability of sensory threshold determination was high (Cronbach α, >0.7). The lower lip, anterior tongue, and buccal mucosa were more sensitive than the soft palate, posterior tongue, and posterior pharyngeal wall (P < .001). Threshold determination by classical signal detection and modified staircase methods were highly correlated (r = 0.93, P < .001). Growth of perceptual intensity was logarithmically proportional to stimulus strength (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Topography of normal oral cavity and oropharyngeal tactile sensation is organized in accordance to decreasing sensitivity along the anteroposterior trajectory and growth of perceptual intensity at all subsites is log-linear. Cheung-Bearelly monofilaments are accessible, disposable, and consistent esthesiometers. This novel clinical tool is deployable for quantitative sensory function assessment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal structures.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Oropharynx; Palate, Soft; Reference Values; Sensory Thresholds; Tongue
PubMed: 27684535
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2016.2772 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Nov 2014
Topics: Face; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Mouth; Oral Medicine
PubMed: 25443684
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.08.022