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Der Urologe. Ausg. A Jun 2019Orchitis can be acutely symptomatic or chronically asymptomatic. Among the acute forms is the rarer isolated orchitis, which is of viral origin in most cases as well as...
Orchitis can be acutely symptomatic or chronically asymptomatic. Among the acute forms is the rarer isolated orchitis, which is of viral origin in most cases as well as the more frequent secondary orchitis, which is usually the result of an ascending bacterial epididymitis. In addition, sterile forms of orchitis are also seen in patients with systemic autoimmune comorbidities. Chronic asymptomatic orchitis is the term used to describe cellular immune infiltrates in the testes, which are observed in approximately 25% of cases of azoospermia during testicular biopsy. The etiopathogenesis of these infiltrates is largely unknown with postinfection and primary pathogen-independent autoimmune reactions being discussed. Animal experimental models of orchitis may be helpful to investigate the immunological mechanisms involved as well as the therapeutic possibilities.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Epididymitis; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Orchitis; Testis
PubMed: 31111192
DOI: 10.1007/s00120-019-0951-0 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Nov 2006Although the incidence of mumps orchitis has dramatically declined since the introduction of the childhood vaccination programme, a sharp increase in reported cases of... (Review)
Review
Although the incidence of mumps orchitis has dramatically declined since the introduction of the childhood vaccination programme, a sharp increase in reported cases of both mumps and mumps orchitis has been seen recently in the UK. There are great concerns about mumps outbreaks and the associated risk of infertility; it remains an important clinical condition. Immunization is the best policy to avoid this viral disease.
Topics: Azoospermia; Humans; Male; Mumps; Orchitis
PubMed: 17082302
DOI: 10.1177/014107680609901116 -
Modern Treatment Sep 1970
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Rest; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Suppuration; Syphilis; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 4933351
DOI: No ID Found -
Pathology, Research and Practice May 2011Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis is a rare inflammatory process of the testis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by presence of non-specific granulomatous... (Review)
Review
Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis is a rare inflammatory process of the testis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by presence of non-specific granulomatous inflammation and admixed multinucleated giant cells. It usually presents as a testicular mass which is highly suspicious of malignancy. Histologically, there is extensive destruction of seminiferous tubules with tubular or interstitial pattern of granulomatous inflammation and prominent collagen fibrosis. Trauma and possible auto-antibodies against sperms have been postulated to be the underlying mechanism. Differential diagnoses include intratubular germ-cell neoplasia, malignant lymphomas, and malakoplakia. Orchiectomy is currently the most appropriate therapy for this condition.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cells; Granuloma; Humans; Lymphoma; Malacoplakia; Male; Orchitis; Seminoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Testis
PubMed: 21458170
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.02.005 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Dec 2017
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Epididymitis; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Scrotum; Testis; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 28647767
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1222-4 -
Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) Jan 2023Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. It is also an ideal agent for preparing transplant recipients of spermatogonial stem cells because... (Review)
Review
Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. It is also an ideal agent for preparing transplant recipients of spermatogonial stem cells because of its high efficiency in destroying endogenous germ cells in the testis. However, its toxicity mechanism remains unclear, affecting its clinical use and applications. Based on reports of busulfan causing orchitis and a previous study by our team, this article summarizes the relationship between busulfan and orchitis, cytokines, the blood-testis barrier, and the cytoskeleton, unravels the regulatory pathways and mechanism behind busulfan-induced orchitis, and reveals the molecular mechanism underlying impaired spermatogenic function in orchitis, providing new ideas for the clinical application of busulfan while reducing its testicular toxicity.
Topics: Male; Humans; Busulfan; Spermatogonia; Orchitis; Testis; Infertility, Male
PubMed: 36372306
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.11.002 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Dec 2023Brucella epididymo-orchitis (BEO) is a rare complication of brucellosis. Despite the high incidence of brucellosis in developing countries, few case series on BEO are... (Review)
Review
Brucella epididymo-orchitis (BEO) is a rare complication of brucellosis. Despite the high incidence of brucellosis in developing countries, few case series on BEO are available. This study focuses on the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of BEO with a review of the literature. This study included consecutive BEO patients diagnosed and treated at Smart Health Tower between 2021 and 2023. The required data were retrospectively collected from patients' profiles. The BEO diagnosis was established through scrotal Doppler ultrasound in cases with a positive Rose Bengal test and positive IgG and IgM results for brucellosis, in addition to scrotal pain and swelling. This study included 11 cases whose ages ranged from 22 to 55 years. Most of the cases presented with testicular pain (72.7%), followed by fever (63.6%) and arthralgia (63.6%). The right side (54.5%) was slightly more affected than the left side (45.5%). The major abnormal laboratory finding was an elevated C-reactive protein (82%). The treatment was conservative, in which a combination of gentamicin, doxycycline, and rifampicin was administered to the patients for about 6-8 weeks. One case underwent an orchiectomy due to the abscess formation. All the patients responded well to the treatment, with no recurrence. In the Middle East, brucellosis remains a concerning infectious disease. Early diagnosis, aimed at preventing abscess formation and other complications, takes first priority to avoid invasive interventions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Brucella; Orchitis; Abscess; Retrospective Studies; Brucellosis; Pain
PubMed: 38193225
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11978 -
Urology May 1988In the clinical course of epididymitis in a forty-four-year-old male patient, enlargement of ipsilateral testis developed which was difficult to distinguish clinically... (Review)
Review
In the clinical course of epididymitis in a forty-four-year-old male patient, enlargement of ipsilateral testis developed which was difficult to distinguish clinically from testicular tumor. High inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Microscopic sections revealed many granulomas with caseous necrosis and giant cells. Tuberculous bacilli also were demonstrated in the histologic examination.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Epididymitis; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Orchitis; Testicular Neoplasms; Tuberculosis, Male Genital
PubMed: 3284153
DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(88)90739-x -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Jun 2006
Review
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Drainage; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Orchitis; Prognosis
PubMed: 16817407
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Epididymitis; Humans; Male; Orchitis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34495259
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0408-2021