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The New England Journal of Medicine May 1962
Topics: Humans; Male; Orchitis
PubMed: 14492246
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM196205102661906 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Feb 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Epididymitis; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
PubMed: 34731439
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03996-y -
Andrologia Apr 2008Infection and inflammation of the male reproductive tract are accepted as important aetiological factors of infertility. With regard to their impact on male reproductive... (Review)
Review
Infection and inflammation of the male reproductive tract are accepted as important aetiological factors of infertility. With regard to their impact on male reproductive function, orchitis and epididymo-orchitis due to local or systemic infection as well as noninfectious aetiological factors are of particular concern. There is clinical and pathological evidence that chronic inflammatory conditions of the testes can disrupt spermatogenesis and irreversibly alter both sperm number and quality. In the majority of patients, however, diagnosis is hampered by an asymptomatic course of the disease and unspecific clinical signs. Hence, respective epidemiological data are scarce. On the other hand, systematic histopathological work-up of testicular biopsies from infertile men indicates a high prevalence of inflammatory reactions. A characteristic pattern of inflammatory lesions with focal or multifocal, predominantly peritubular lymphocyte infiltration and concomitant damage of seminiferous tubules is seen in chronic orchitis of various origins. This supports the concept that induction of testicular inflammation is associated with a T-cell-mediated autoimmune response, i.e. disruption of the immune privilege. Moreover, despite the patchy distribution of the lesions, testicular volume and score counts for spermatogenesis may be significantly reduced. In conclusion, asymptomatic inflammatory reactions in the testis should not be neglected as an underlying cause or co-factor of male infertility. However, definitive diagnosis of chronic asymptomatic orchitis still requires testicular biopsy and guidelines for the therapeutic management are not yet available.
Topics: Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Orchitis; Testis
PubMed: 18336456
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00837.x -
Veterinaria Italiana Dec 2020Orchitis and epididymo-orchitis are inflammatory lesions of the testicle. We herein describe a case of monolateral chronic orchitis which occurred in a Tiro Pesante...
Orchitis and epididymo-orchitis are inflammatory lesions of the testicle. We herein describe a case of monolateral chronic orchitis which occurred in a Tiro Pesante Rapido (TPR) stallion, born in 2002, with a history of good fertility. The stallion was healthy and asymptomatic although the left testis was found to be smaller as compared with the right one and was hard in consistency. Histopathology examination revealed tubular atrophy and parenchymal sclerosis. Scattered foci of calcification and chronic inflammation, the latter dominated by macrophages and lymphocytes, were also observed. Although lesions were clearly present, the semen was demonstraed to be of good quality. This study highlights the need for periodic clinical and ultrasound evaluation of stallions, in order to preserve their reproductive performance.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Orchitis; Testis
PubMed: 32602673
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.2330.13219.1 -
Surgical Infections Dec 2021
Topics: Epididymitis; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Orchitis
PubMed: 34388033
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2021.199 -
Urology Mar 2022
Topics: Epididymitis; Humans; Infarction; Male; Orchitis; Testicular Diseases; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 34929242
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.12.005 -
Der Urologe. Ausg. A May 2010Infections and inflammations of the genital tract are considered the most frequent causes of reduced male fertility, but conclusive epidemiological data are not... (Review)
Review
Infections and inflammations of the genital tract are considered the most frequent causes of reduced male fertility, but conclusive epidemiological data are not available. In view of the exposure of germ cells to pathogenic components as well as the cells and mediators involved in the inflammatory processes, irreversible damage to spermatogenesis and corresponding decline of ejaculate quality are to be expected, particularly in cases of chronic orchitis. While the consequences of orchitis and epididymo-orchitis that exhibit clinical symptoms due to systemic or local infections are well known, including testicular atrophy and complete loss of fertility, those cases of inflammatory reactions of the testicles that manifest an asymptomatic or subclinical course, or are not even due to an infection, have received little attention until now. However, systematic histopathological analyses have shown a high prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory reactions in testicular biopsies from infertile men. The mostly focal lymphocytic infiltrates correlate with the degree of damage to spermatogenesis and corresponding clinical and endocrinological parameters of testicular function. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques are not yet available so that chronic asymptomatic inflammations of the testicles as the primary cause or cofactor of male fertility disorders are underestimated. Except for administration of pathogen-specific antibiotics, treatment recommendations are to a large extent still lacking.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atrophy; Bacterial Infections; Biopsy; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Epididymitis; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Orchitis; Prognosis; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
PubMed: 20449780
DOI: 10.1007/s00120-010-2256-1 -
Journal of the National Medical... Sep 2000
Topics: Granuloma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orchitis
PubMed: 11052461
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics International : Official... Feb 2016An 11-year-old boy presented with fever and abdominal pain, and was diagnosed with retroperitoneal lymphadenitis. At the same time, a painless right scrotal mass was... (Review)
Review
An 11-year-old boy presented with fever and abdominal pain, and was diagnosed with retroperitoneal lymphadenitis. At the same time, a painless right scrotal mass was observed. On imaging the testis and the epididymal mass both had abundant blood flow, although tumor markers were negative. Although the right testis had shrunk after antibiotic treatment, swelling was persistent and incisional biopsy was therefore performed, resulting in diagnosis of granulomatous orchitis (GO). No recurrence was found. In cases of scrotal swelling in both the testis and the epididymis of an older child, it is necessary to consider the possibility of inflammatory GO, and orchiectomy should not be performed without careful consideration.
Topics: Biopsy; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Orchitis; Testis
PubMed: 26669680
DOI: 10.1111/ped.12749 -
Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica Jan 2012Tertiary syphilis is recently a rare disease in Japan. In this paper, we report a rare case of syphilitic orchitis. The patient was in his early forties. The left... (Review)
Review
Tertiary syphilis is recently a rare disease in Japan. In this paper, we report a rare case of syphilitic orchitis. The patient was in his early forties. The left scrotal contents were swelling and a low echoic nodule measuring about 30 mm in diameter was detected on ultrasonography. Serum alpha fetoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin were within the normal range, whereas Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay and rapid plasma reagin were strongly positive. High orchiectomy was performed for suspicion of testicular tumor. Histological findings showed the non-specific inflammatory granuloma with lympho-plasmatic infiltration. It was diagnosed as granulomatous inflammation of left testis caused by syphilis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Orchitis; Syphilis; Syphilis Serodiagnosis
PubMed: 22343746
DOI: No ID Found