-
The Journal of Urology Oct 2011
Topics: Granuloma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orchitis; Testis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 21855926
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.044 -
Journal of Pediatric Urology Feb 2024Acute epididymo-orchitis (AEO) is becoming an increasingly common differential diagnosis in children with acute scrotal pain. It has been noted in adult men that... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Acute epididymo-orchitis (AEO) is becoming an increasingly common differential diagnosis in children with acute scrotal pain. It has been noted in adult men that SARS-CoV-2 has a propensity for involving the testis and epididymis, affecting sperm and testosterone production. Our literature search revealed only one case report of COVID-19 presenting with epididymo-orchitis in a child. We present three more children who presented with AEO, all recovering from PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article reviews the post-inflammatory aetiology of paediatric epididymo-orchitis, and the propensity SARS-CoV-2 has for the testis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Two pre-pubertal ten-year-old patients presented to the emergency department with a 48-h history of gradual onset unilateral scrotal pain and increasing erythema of the ipsilateral scrotal skin. One fifteen-year-old boy was referred for ongoing symptoms four days following a diagnosis of AEO made by his General Practitioner. On further questioning, all three had PCR-confirmed COVID infection two weeks prior to the onset of their scrotal symptoms and had just ended their isolation period. A literature search was then performed using the keywords SARS-CoV-2, testes and paediatric acute epididymo-orchitis.
DISCUSSION
The SARS-Cov-2 virus has a propensity for affecting the testis and epididymis. This puts patients at increased risk of acute epididymo-orchitis during COVID infections. The inflammation induced by the virus appears to affect the cells responsible for testosterone production and sperm quality. However, there is no evidence that viral transmission can happen via semen.
CONCLUSION
SARS-Cov-2 infection can lead to acute epididymo-orchitis. Knowledge of this is clinically significant, firstly to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention due to a mistaken diagnosis of testicular torsion and secondly, due to the potential of the virus to affect sperm quality and testosterone production.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Child; Aged, 80 and over; Orchitis; COVID-19; Semen; SARS-CoV-2; Epididymitis; Testosterone; Pain
PubMed: 37806834
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.09.017 -
Andrologia Apr 2008Acute genitourinary infections represent an important problem in daily urological practice. Standardised diagnostic procedures and therapeutic guidelines, as far as they... (Review)
Review
Acute genitourinary infections represent an important problem in daily urological practice. Standardised diagnostic procedures and therapeutic guidelines, as far as they exist, are mandatory to minimise the risk for severe sequelae and to optimise the therapeutic outcome. The present overview details diagnostic steps, therapeutic guidelines and the management of potential sequelae of acute prostatitis, acute epididymitis and acute orchitis. Acute prostatitis does not seem to represent a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem as long as prostatic abscess formation is absent. In acute epididymitis the development of epididymo-orchitis is unpredictable despite adequate therapy and is of particular concern to andrologists because of its potential significance for male fertility. In contrast to these diseases, acute primary orchitis is a rare event, mostly occurring as mumps orchitis, without standardised treatment guidelines.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Epididymitis; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Prostatitis
PubMed: 18336454
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00823.x -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jun 1983A case of pyogenic orchitis due to infection with Salmonella enteritidis ser. Paratyphi B is discussed. Unlike previously reported cases of Salmonella orchitis, this...
A case of pyogenic orchitis due to infection with Salmonella enteritidis ser. Paratyphi B is discussed. Unlike previously reported cases of Salmonella orchitis, this patient developed infection by bacteremic spread and not by direct extension from the epididymis. Therapy with chloramphenicol resulted in an excellent clinical response.
Topics: Adult; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Paratyphoid Fever; Salmonella paratyphi B; Sepsis
PubMed: 6425004
DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(83)90046-9 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... May 2008We report the case of an 18-year-old male patient with epididymo-orchitis following MMR vaccine. Salivary gland involvement, meningitis/encephalitis are well-known... (Review)
Review
We report the case of an 18-year-old male patient with epididymo-orchitis following MMR vaccine. Salivary gland involvement, meningitis/encephalitis are well-known complications of the MMR vaccine, but involvement and infection of the testis is a rarity. A search for this complication on the medical databases showed no reported cases in the UK.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Orchitis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 18492402
DOI: 10.1308/003588408X285694 -
Urology Mar 1982
Topics: Granuloma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orchitis; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 7064265
DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90514-3 -
Urology Nov 1998
Topics: Adult; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 9801124
DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00331-8 -
Clinical Radiology Jan 2000Orchitis and epididymitis are increasingly common lesions encountered in general practice. The clinical diagnosis of inflammation of the testis can be difficult as 10%... (Review)
Review
Orchitis and epididymitis are increasingly common lesions encountered in general practice. The clinical diagnosis of inflammation of the testis can be difficult as 10% of neoplasms present acutely with features of inflammation or torsion. The radiological diagnosis is also difficult as the changes seen on ultrasound, whether diffuse or focal, acute or chronic, have to be differentiated from the changes seen with tumours of the testis. The purpose of this review is to describe and illustrate the evolving changes seen in orchitis with reference to the anatomy and pathophysiology of testicular inflammation. We hope that recognition of this pattern may lead to a more confident diagnosis and appropriate management decisions.
Topics: Epididymitis; Humans; Male; Orchitis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 10650105
DOI: 10.1053/crad.1999.0372 -
International Journal of Urology :... May 2007Xanthogranulomatous orchitis is an extremely rare inflammatory non-neoplastic destructive lesion of the testis. We report a 44-year-old man who presented with right... (Review)
Review
Xanthogranulomatous orchitis is an extremely rare inflammatory non-neoplastic destructive lesion of the testis. We report a 44-year-old man who presented with right scrotal swelling and two discharging sinuses. Testicular tumor markers were normal. Scrotal ultrasound showed heterogeneous testicular areas and irregular margin of the tunica. Surgical exploration revealed infected, unhealthy testicular tissue with necrosis and tumor-like lesion. Orchidectomy was done and histopathology showed xanthogranulomatous orchitis.
Topics: Adult; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Male; Orchitis
PubMed: 17511734
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01714.x -
Khirurgiia 1991Granulomatous orchitis is a rare inflammatory disease of poorly understood etiology. Its differentiation from testicular tumor is difficult and is resistant to... (Review)
Review
Granulomatous orchitis is a rare inflammatory disease of poorly understood etiology. Its differentiation from testicular tumor is difficult and is resistant to antibiotic therapy. Five cases of this disease are reported. In 3 of them orchiectomy was performed and in 2 the testis was preserved after biopsy specimen examination. Relapses or injury to the contralateral testis were not recorded during the follow-up period. A review of the literature is made and the etiopathogenesis, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this disease are discussed.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Orchitis; Testis
PubMed: 1895707
DOI: No ID Found