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Methods of Biochemical Analysis 2011
Review
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Chromatography, Affinity; Humans; Ligands; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Organic Chemicals; Protein Binding; Proteins
PubMed: 21954780
DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch9 -
Chemical Reviews Aug 2008
Review
Topics: Alkenes; Carbon; Catalysis; Cyclization; Gold; Ligands; Molecular Conformation; Nitrogen; Organic Chemicals; Organogold Compounds; Oxygen; Stereoisomerism; Sulfur
PubMed: 18613729
DOI: 10.1021/cr068434l -
Nature Chemical Biology May 2013
Topics: Atorvastatin; Biocatalysis; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Heptanoic Acids; Molecular Structure; Oligopeptides; Organic Chemicals; Pyrroles
PubMed: 23594772
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1235 -
Environmental Science & Technology Dec 2008Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have drawn special research attention because of their unique properties and potential applications. This review summarizes the research progress... (Review)
Review
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have drawn special research attention because of their unique properties and potential applications. This review summarizes the research progress of organic chemical adsorption on CNTs, and will provide useful information for CNT application and risk assessment. Adsorption heterogeneity and hysteresis are two widely recognized features of organic chemical-CNT interactions. However, because different mechanisms may act simultaneously, mainly hydrophobic interactions, pi-pi bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonds, the prediction of organic chemical adsorption on CNTs is not straightforward. The dominant adsorption mechanism is different for different types of organic chemicals (such as polar and nonpolar), thus different models may be needed to predict organic chemical-CNT interaction. Adsorption mechanisms will be better understood by investigating the effects of properties of both CNTs and organic chemicals along with environmental conditions. Another majorfactor affecting adsorption by CNTs is their suspendability, which also strongly affects their mobility, exposure, and risk in the environment. Therefore, organic chemical-CNT interactions as affected by CNT dispersion and suspending merit further experimental research. In addition, CNTs have potential applications in water treatment due to their adsorption characteristics. Thus column and pilot studies are needed to evaluate their performance and operational cost.
Topics: Adsorption; Carbon; Environment; Nanotubes, Carbon; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 19174865
DOI: 10.1021/es801777n -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Oct 2014
Topics: Biocatalysis; Biological Products; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Enzymes; Organic Chemicals; Protein Engineering
PubMed: 25131959
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.039 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2014Tools specifically validated for tropical environments are needed to accurately describe the behavior of chemical contaminants in tropical ecosystems. In the present...
Tools specifically validated for tropical environments are needed to accurately describe the behavior of chemical contaminants in tropical ecosystems. In the present study, sampling rates (Rs) were determined for the commercial pharmaceutical-type Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) with a 45.8cm(2) exposure surface for 35 Pharmaceutically Active Compounds (PhACs) and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs), of which eight compounds (albuterol, atorvastatin, diltiazem, dilantin, enalapril, norfluoxetine, risperidone and warfarin) were reported for the first time. These sampling rates were measured in an outdoor laboratory calibration setup to best capture diurnal tropical temperature variations (29±3°C). The effect of stirring and salinity was investigated. For all compounds, the sampling rates were higher under stirred conditions as compared to quiescent conditions. Calibration results in the presence of 30g sodium chloride support that the effects of salinity on POCIS sampling rates are compound-specific. Comparisons between Time-Weight Average (TWA) water concentrations using POCIS and spot sample levels in the field (2 lake and 1 mangrove estuary sites) are presented. Results showed that POCIS TWA concentrations were in agreement with spot sample concentrations for these aquatic systems. Results indicate that POCIS can be used to effectively measure the TWA concentration for a range of PhACs and EDCs in tropical waters. However, based on the results from mass balance and field deployments, POCIS did not appear suitable for compounds with a low mass balance recovery during calibration (e.g. triclosan and linuron in this study).
Topics: Calibration; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Monitoring; Organic Chemicals; Tropical Climate; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 24632061
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.082 -
Chemical Reviews Feb 2009
Review
Topics: Cyclization; Models, Chemical; Organic Chemicals; Solvents; Water
PubMed: 19209944
DOI: 10.1021/cr800448q -
Environment International Jan 2013Millions of natural and synthetic organic chemical substances are present in both soil and aquatic environments. Toxicity and/or persistence determine the polluting... (Review)
Review
Millions of natural and synthetic organic chemical substances are present in both soil and aquatic environments. Toxicity and/or persistence determine the polluting principle of these substances. The biological responses to these pollutants include accumulation and degradation. The responses of environments with organic pollutants are perceptible from the dwindling degradative abilities of microorganisms. Among different biological members, cyanobacteria and microalgae are highly adaptive through many eons, and can grow autotrophically, heterotrophically or mixotrophically. Mixotrophy in cyanobacteria and microalgae can provide many competitive advantages over bacteria and fungi in degrading organic pollutants. Laboratory culturing of strict phototrophic algae has limited the realization of their potential as bioremediation agents. In the natural assemblages, mixotrophic algae can contribute to sequestration of carbon, which is otherwise emitted as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere under heterotrophic conditions by other organisms. Molecular methods and metabolic and genomic information will help not only in identification and selection of mixotrophic species of cyanobacteria and microalgae with capabilities to degrade organic pollutants but also in monitoring the efficiency of remediation efforts under the field conditions. These organisms are relatively easier for genetic engineering with desirable traits. This review presents a new premise from the literature that mixotrophic algae and cyanobacteria are distinctive bioremediation agents with capabilities to sequester carbon in the environment.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Cyanobacteria; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Microalgae; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 23201778
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.10.007 -
Water Research Mar 2024In this study, the strong analytical power of gas chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) in suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) of...
In this study, the strong analytical power of gas chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) in suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) of organic micropollutants was combined with machine learning tools for proposing a novel and robust systematic environmental forensics workflow, focusing on groundwater contamination. Groundwater samples were collected from four different regions with diverse contamination histories (namely oil [OC], agricultural [AGR], industrial [IND], and landfill [LF]), and a total of 252 organic micropollutants were identified, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plasticizers, phenols, organophosphate flame retardants, transformation products, and others, with detection frequencies ranging from 3 % to 100 %. Amongst the SNTS identified compounds, a total of 51 chemical indicators (i.e., OC: 13, LF: 12, AGR: 19, IND: 7) which included level 1 and 2 SNTS identified chemicals were pinpointed across all sampling regions by integrating a bootstrapped feature selection method involving the bootfs algorithm and a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model to determine potential prevalent contamination sources. The proposed workflow showed good predictive ability (Q) of 0.897, and the suggested contamination sources were gasoline, diesel, and/or other light petroleum products for the OC region, anthropogenic activities for the LF region, agricultural and human activities for the AGR region, and industrial/human activities for the IND region. These results suggest that the proposed workflow can select a subset of the most diagnostic features in the chemical space that can best distinguish a specific contamination source class.
Topics: Humans; Environmental Monitoring; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Environmental Pollution; Organic Chemicals; Groundwater; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38295453
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121130 -
International Microbiology : the... Dec 2004Some primitive meteorites are carbon-rich objects containing a variety of organic molecules that constitute a valuable record of organic chemical evolution in the... (Review)
Review
Some primitive meteorites are carbon-rich objects containing a variety of organic molecules that constitute a valuable record of organic chemical evolution in the universe prior to the appearance of microorganisms. Families of compounds include hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amino acids, amines, amides, heterocycles, phosphonic acids, sulfonic acids, sugar-related compounds and poorly defined high-molecular weight macromolecules. A variety of environments are required in order to explain this organic inventory, including interstellar processes, gas-grain reactions operating in the solar nebula, and hydrothermal alteration of parent bodies. Most likely, substantial amounts of such organic materials were delivered to the Earth via a late accretion, thereby providing organic compounds important for the emergence of life itself, or that served as a feedstock for further chemical evolution. This review discusses the organic content of primitive meteorites and their relevance to the build up of biomolecules.
Topics: Evolution, Chemical; Macromolecular Substances; Meteoroids; Organic Chemicals; Origin of Life
PubMed: 15666244
DOI: No ID Found