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Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2013The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensions and surface characteristics of orthodontic wires and bracket slots of different commercial brands.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensions and surface characteristics of orthodontic wires and bracket slots of different commercial brands.
METHODS
Thirty metallic brackets (0.022 x 0.028-in and 0.022 x 0.030-in) were divided into three groups: DYN/3M group = Dyna-Lock, 3M/Unitek (stainless steel, or SS); STD/MO group = Slim Morelli (SS); and Ni-Free/MO group = Slim Morelli (Ni-Free). The stainless steel wires (0.019 x 0.025-in) were divided into two groups: MO group = Morelli; and 3M group = 3M/Unitek. The bracket and wire measurements were done by two methods: (a) Surface Electron Microscopy (SEM), and (b) Profile Projection. The surface analysis was done qualitatively, based on SEM images and/or by a rugosimeter. The quantitative results were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test (p < 0.05) and Student's t test.
RESULTS
A significant difference in the dimensions of slots was observed, and the NiFree/MO group showed the greatest changes when compared to the other groups. The analysis of surface topography of the brackets indicated greater homogeneity of the metallic matrix for DYN/3M and STD/MO groups. As for the dimensions of the wires, groups showed statistically different mean heights.
CONCLUSIONS
It was concluded that wires and brackets slots can present altered dimensions, which might directly and unintentionally affect the planned tooth movement.
Topics: Dental Alloys; Friction; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Stainless Steel; Surface Properties
PubMed: 23916434
DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000200016 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Nov 2015
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dental Research; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Matched-Pair Analysis; Orthodontic Wires; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 26522048
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.08.009 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... May 2017The goal of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of different esthetic and conventional orthodontic wires in three-point and four-point bending tests,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIMS
The goal of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of different esthetic and conventional orthodontic wires in three-point and four-point bending tests, and in a biomechanical test employing three bracket systems.
METHODS
The behavior of round wires with a diameter of 0.46 mm (0.018″) were investigated: uncoated nickel titanium (NiTi) wires, surface modified NiTi wires; FLI Orthonol Wire and glass fiber reinforced plastic wires. The biomechanical bending test was performed using the following bracket types: metal brackets (Discovery, Dentaurum), ceramic brackets (Fascination, Dentaurum), and plastic brackets (Elegance, Dentaurum). All bending tests were performed in the orthodontic measurement and simulation system (OMSS) at a temperature of 37 °C. The classical three-point bending test was performed according to an ISO standard (DIN EN ISO 15841:2007) using the appropriate thrust die and supports with a predefined span of 10 mm. In the other tests the supports or interbracket distances were chosen such that the free wire length was also 10 mm (5 mm between adjacent brackets). All wires were loaded centrally to a maximum of 3.1 and 3.3 mm in the biomechanical test, respectively. The force was measured upon unloading with a loading velocity of 1 mm/min. Each specimen was loaded twice and a total of 10 specimens tested for each product. Weighted means and the error of the weighted mean were calculated for each product.
RESULTS
Fiber reinforced wires displayed lowest forces in three-point bending with values of 0.4 N at a displacement of 1 mm and 0.7 N at a 2 mm displacement. In four-point bending the forces were 0.9 N and 1.4 N, respectively, at the same displacements. Almost all of the translucent wires showed fracture upon bending at displacements greater than 3 mm, independent of the bending test and bracket type. The different investigated NiTi wires, surface modified or conventional, only showed minor variation, e.g., 2.2 N for rematitan Lite White and 2.0 N for rematitan, 2.1 N for FLI Coated Orthonol and 1.7 N for Orthonol in four-point bending. The rhodinized wire generated forces between these values (2.1 N).
CONCLUSION
The translucent wires had the lowest forces in all three bending tests; however, displacements above 3 mm resulted in increased risk of fracture. Forces of investigated NiTi wires were very high and in part above clinically recommended values.
Topics: Alloys; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Stress Analysis; Elastic Modulus; Equipment Failure Analysis; Esthetics; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Stress, Mechanical; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 27942768
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0078-5 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Jun 2016
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Humans; Orthodontic Wires; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 27242006
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.03.013 -
Progress in Orthodontics Dec 2017The aim of this study was to compare the deflection force in conventional and thermally activated nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires in passive (Damon Q) and active (Bioquick)... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare the deflection force in conventional and thermally activated nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires in passive (Damon Q) and active (Bioquick) self-ligating brackets (SLB) and in conventional brackets (CB) tied by two different methods: elastomeric ligature (EL) and metal ligature (ML).
METHODS
Two wire diameters (0.014 and 0.016 in.) and 10 specimens per group were used. The specimens were assembled in a clinical simulation device and tested in an Instron Universal Testing Machine, with a load cell of 10 N. For the testing procedures, the acrylic block representative of the right maxillary central incisor was palatally moved, with readings of the force at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mm, at a constant speed of 2 mm/min and temperature of 36.5 °C.
RESULTS
The conventional NiTi released higher forces than the thermally activated NiTi archwires in large deflections. In general, the SLB showed lower forces, while the ML had higher forces, with both showing a similar force release behavior, constantly decreasing as the deflection decreased. The EL showed an irregular behavior. The active SLB showed smaller forces than passive, in large deflections.
CONCLUSIONS
The SLB and the ML exhibit standard force patterns during unloading, while the elastomeric ligatures exhibit a randomly distributed force release behavior.
Topics: Ligation; Nickel; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Titanium
PubMed: 28691142
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-017-0175-z -
International Orthodontics Sep 2017An original straightwire appliance was developed in order to easily adapt force and friction to the different stages and needs of treatment. The appliance features: (1)...
An original straightwire appliance was developed in order to easily adapt force and friction to the different stages and needs of treatment. The appliance features: (1) conventional brackets with a 0.020×0.030″ slot in the anterior area, passive self-ligating brackets with a 0.022×0.030″ slot in the lateral area, and tubes with a 0.022×0.030″ slot in the molar area; (2) archwires which adapt to the different stages of treatment and increase their section and stiffness progressively, starting with 0.014″ superelastic NiTi, passing through 0.016×0.025″ and 0.019×0.025″ heat-activated NiTi and reaching 0.019×0.025″ stainless steel working archwires; (3) use of several ligation systems which progressively increase their binding (low-friction ligatures, "O"- or "8"-shape elastomeric ligatures). Clinical cases are shown to illustrate the technique.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Malocclusion; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires
PubMed: 28802784
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2017.06.027 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Feb 2022
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Wires; Torque
PubMed: 35094750
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.11.005 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... Jan 2022Gummetal® (Maruemu Works, Osaka, Japan), a new orthodontic wire material successfully used in clinical applications since 2006, is biocompatible and exhibits...
OBJECTIVES
Gummetal® (Maruemu Works, Osaka, Japan), a new orthodontic wire material successfully used in clinical applications since 2006, is biocompatible and exhibits exceptionally high elasticity, nonlinear elastic behavior, plasticity and strength. Systematic comparisons of friction behavior are lacking; thus, the friction of Gummetal® in the binding modus was compared to commonly used low friction wires.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In vivo tests were run with Gummetal®, CoCr (cobalt-chromium Elgiloy®, Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, CO, USA), β‑Ti (β-Titanium TMA®, Ormco, Orange, CA, USA), NiTi (nickel-titanium, NiTi-SE, Dentalline, Birkenfeld, Germany), and stainless steel (SS; Ref. 251-925, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) [dimensions: 0.014 inch (0.35 mm), 0.016 inch (0.40 mm), 0.016 × 0.022 inch (0.40 × 0.56 mm), and 0.019 × 0.025 inch (0.48 × 0.64 mm)-β-Ti not available in the dimension 0.014 inch]. These were combined with Discovery® (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany), Micro Sprint® (Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany), Clarity™ (3M Unitek), and Inspire Ice™ (Ormco) and slots in the dimension 0.022 inch (0.56 mm) and, except for the 0.019 × 0.025 inch wires, in the dimension 0.018 inch (0.46 mm). They were ligated with a 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) steel ligature (Smile Dental, Ratingen, Germany). Brackets were angulated by applying a moment of force of 10 Nmm against the wire, which was pulled through the slot at 0.2 mm/s.
RESULTS
In 660 tests using 132 bracket-wire combinations, friction loss for Gummetal® was comparable to and, in a few combinations with Micro Sprint®, significantly lower (p < 0.05) than SS and CoCr. The friction for Gummetal® was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than NiTi, and β‑Ti. In some bracket-wire combinations, lower friction was found with round wires compared to rectangular wires, except for the combination with Inspire Ice™, which was higher but not significant. Slot size did not have a significant effect on friction in most combinations.
CONCLUSION
The low friction associated with Gummetal® wires during arch-guided tooth movement will be a valuable addition to the armamentarium of orthodontists.
Topics: Dental Alloys; Dental Stress Analysis; Friction; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Titanium
PubMed: 34228140
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00317-y -
Journal of Clinical Orthodontics : JCO Jul 2020
Topics: Friction; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Torque
PubMed: 32966243
DOI: No ID Found -
International Orthodontics Sep 2017Esthetic wires are commonly used in orthodontic treatments. Surface roughness is an important factor in the friction and bacterial adhesion in these wires. Surface...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Esthetic wires are commonly used in orthodontic treatments. Surface roughness is an important factor in the friction and bacterial adhesion in these wires. Surface roughness of esthetic wires has not been assessed, except in a few recent (mostly qualitative esthetics) studies. The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare the surface roughness of 4 coated esthetic wires with that of a conventional orthodontic wire.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this in vitro trial, 25 coated and uncoated orthodontic archwires were studied, including: NiTi Memory wire (American Orthodontics, USA) as a control group; Orthocosmetic Elastinol (Ortho Organizers, USA); Perfect (Hubit, Korea); Imagination (Gestenco, Sweden); EverWhite (American Orthodontics, USA). All were .016×.022" rectangular maxillary wires. Fifteen millimeters of wire was cut off at the posterior end and a surface area of 2000×2000nm was probed using a Scanning Probe Microscope (DS95-50E/DME, Denmark) to determine the surface roughness values. The roughness parameters of Sa, Sdq, Sv and Sy were measured and statistically compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS
The average range of the 4 parameters was the highest for the uncoated Ni-Ti Memory wire (control group) while the Perfect coated wire showed the lowest values. The differences were significant for parameters Sa and Sy (P<0.02 and P<0.023) and non-significant for Sv and Sdq. Significant differences existed between uncoated and coated wires regarding Sa and Sy values (P<0.01), being higher for the uncoated wires.
CONCLUSION
Taking into account the study limitations, the surface roughness values of NiTi uncoated archwires were significantly higher than those of the coated wires.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Dental Materials; Esthetics, Dental; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Wires; Surface Properties
PubMed: 28803804
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2017.06.019