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Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 1979Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a manifestation of osteochondrosis. It is thought to be a metabolic disease of cartilage maturation and endochondral ossification.... (Review)
Review
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a manifestation of osteochondrosis. It is thought to be a metabolic disease of cartilage maturation and endochondral ossification. Therefore, any disturbance affecting the differentiation of growth cartilage constitutes osteochondrosis. When this disturbance affects the articular cartilage so that a piece detaches, it is called OCD. Osteochondritis dissecans is well recognized but poorly understood. The etiology remains controversial. Osteochondritis dissecans is most commonly recognized in the shoulder but can occur in other areas which makes it difficult to differentiate from other disease entities. Diagnosis of OCD is based on signalment (age, breed, and sex), history, and physical and radiographic evidence. Therapy must be individualized and based on the patient's clinical signs and not on the severity of the radiographic lesion. Therapy can be effective only when applied correctly.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Lameness, Animal; Osteochondritis
PubMed: 393676
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Clinics of North America Sep 1971
Review
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Forelimb; Osteochondritis; Radiography; Rest; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 4949789
DOI: 10.1016/s0091-0279(71)50051-x -
Arthroscopy : the Journal of... 1992A rare case of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) occurring in the humeral head is presented. As there are only six available records in the literature concerning OCD in... (Review)
Review
A rare case of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) occurring in the humeral head is presented. As there are only six available records in the literature concerning OCD in the humeral head, clinical features, treatment, and etiology of OCD involvement of this anatomical part remains unclear. These points are discussed on the basis of the previous cases and ours. Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral head commonly affects middle-aged and young males rather than females. The prevalent location of involvement is the anterosuperior aspect of the humeral head. We propose that repetitive microtrauma is one of the important causes of OCD in the humeral head. Moreover, we suggest that the most authentic treatment for OCD with a partial detached osteochondral fragment is removal of this fragment and drilling.
Topics: Arthroscopy; Child; Humans; Humerus; Male; Osteochondritis Dissecans; Radiography; Shoulder
PubMed: 1550644
DOI: 10.1016/0749-8063(92)90148-5 -
Der Radiologe Aug 2004Osteochondritis dissecans (OD) is an affection of the subchondral bone involving progressive detachment of an osteochondral fragment. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osteochondritis dissecans (OD) is an affection of the subchondral bone involving progressive detachment of an osteochondral fragment.
METHODS
This article describes the epidemiology, etiology, clinical appearance, possibilities for radiological diagnostics, and classification of OD and presents conservative and surgical therapeutic techniques.
RESULTS
Treatment of OD depends on the size, location, stability of the fragment, and skeletal maturity. The majority of young patients can be treated conservatively. Surgical interventions include antegrade or retrograde drilling with optional refixation and osteochondral transplantation as well as autologous chondrocyte transplantation.
CONCLUSION
The results of surgical intervention are quite promising; nevertheless, further prospective comparative studies are necessary to evaluate effectivity.
Topics: Cartilage, Articular; Humans; Internal Fixators; Knee Joint; Osteochondritis Dissecans; Radiography; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15278207
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-004-1086-9 -
Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official... 2008Osteochondritis of the sesamoid bones is an infrequent condition which may affect both the medial and lateral hallux sesamoids. Those cases refractory to conservative... (Review)
Review
Osteochondritis of the sesamoid bones is an infrequent condition which may affect both the medial and lateral hallux sesamoids. Those cases refractory to conservative treatment can be satisfactorily solved by carrying out its surgical excision. We present a literature review about its causes, pathophysiology, the diagnostic methods and the treatments options.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Osteochondritis; Sesamoid Bones
PubMed: 19083639
DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2008.02.004 -
Hand (New York, N.Y.) Dec 2016Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a painful condition, which often affects young throwing athletes. Our current understanding regarding the etiology,... (Review)
Review
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a painful condition, which often affects young throwing athletes. Our current understanding regarding the etiology, risks factors, diagnosis, and efficacy of the available treatment options has expanded over recent years, however remains suboptimal. Recent data on patient-reported outcomes following osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) for the treatment of large osteochondral lesions of the capitellum have been promising but limited. This review seeks to critically analyze and summarize the available literature on the etiology, diagnosis, and reported outcomes associated with OCD of the capitellum and the use of OAT for its treatment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Unique and customized search strategies were formulated in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Combinations of keywords and controlled vocabulary terms were utilized in order to cast a broad net. Relevant clinical, biomechanical, anatomic and imaging studies were reviewed along with recent review articles, and case series. Forty-three articles from our initial literature search were found to be relevant for this review. The majority of these articles were either review articles, clinical studies, anatomic or imaging studies or biomechanical studies. Current evidence suggests that OAT may lead to better and more consistent outcomes than previously described methods for treating large OCD lesions of the capitellum.
Topics: Autografts; Cartilage; Elbow Joint; Humans; Humerus; Osteochondritis Dissecans; Transplantation, Autologous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28149204
DOI: 10.1177/1558944716643293 -
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B Jan 1999Osteochondritis of tarsal cuneiforms is a rare entity, barely reported in the medical literature. To the nine cases previously reported, we add our series with four... (Review)
Review
Osteochondritis of tarsal cuneiforms is a rare entity, barely reported in the medical literature. To the nine cases previously reported, we add our series with four cases of bilateral lesion of the medial cuneiform. Medial cuneiform osteochondritis may be the cause of foot pain and limping in children ages 4 to 6 years. In three of our four cases, it was a casual finding in feet being studied for some other problems. Only boys were affected, with bilateral lesions and coexistent navicular injury in half of our cases. Evolution was always satisfactory, with clinical and radiologic resolution in a period ranging from 4 to 72 months, and needing only symptomatic relief.
Topics: Casts, Surgical; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Immobilization; Male; Osteochondritis; Prognosis; Radiography; Tarsal Bones
PubMed: 10709607
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Knee Surgery Apr 2008Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a condition affecting the subchondral bone of joints with secondary effects on articular cartilage that results in pain, effusions,... (Review)
Review
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a condition affecting the subchondral bone of joints with secondary effects on articular cartilage that results in pain, effusions, loose-body formation, and mechanical symptoms. Left untreated, OCD can lead to the development of degenerative arthritis secondary to joint incongruity and abnormal wear patterns. This article discusses the etiology of knee OCD lesions, clinical presentation, proper evaluation, and treatment options. Treatment of OCD may include nonoperative measures or operative procedures ranging from drilling or fixation of fragments to complex reconstruction procedures such as autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral autograft, and fresh osteochondral allograft. Physicians must consider many factors, including the patient's age and skeletal maturity, as well as size, location, and stability of OCD lesions to determine the proper course of treatment.
Topics: Algorithms; Decision Trees; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Knee Joint; Osteochondritis Dissecans
PubMed: 18500061
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247804 -
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Feb 1977Six cases of osteochondritis dissecans patellae have been studied in five patients in an attempt to clarify the aetiology and prognosis. Assessment of the results of...
Six cases of osteochondritis dissecans patellae have been studied in five patients in an attempt to clarify the aetiology and prognosis. Assessment of the results of treatment was performed using a standard protocol. The thirty-four previous case reports in the literature are reviewed. In four of the five patients symptoms began after flexing the knee under load and three showed patellar subluxation on tangential radiographs. Thus, repetitive shearing stress on the patellar surface is thought to be an important aetiological factor. The indication for operation is a loose osteochondral fragment either wholly or partly detached from the articular surface of the patella. Vertical excision of the affected area of articular cartilage with drilling of the underlying bone gave two "good" and two "excellent" results. Healing of the drilled area and maintenance of the cartilage space was seen in radiographs of all four cases so treated. This simple method of treatment, which probably causes filling of the defect in the surface by fibrocartilage, is recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Knee Injuries; Male; Necrosis; Osteochondritis; Patella; Prognosis; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 845229
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.59B1.845229 -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 1976
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Osteochondritis; Radiography
PubMed: 59250
DOI: No ID Found