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Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Jun 2022Otolaryngologists will frequently encounter patients with head and facial pain. The headache may be a primary disorder or a symptom of a secondary pathology.... (Review)
Review
Otolaryngologists will frequently encounter patients with head and facial pain. The headache may be a primary disorder or a symptom of a secondary pathology. Understanding diagnostic criteria and the autonomic and otologic manifestations of primary headaches is imperative for accurate diagnosis and treatment. This article summarizes key points in the issue "Comprehensive Management of Headache for the Otolaryngologist" and can be used as a cursory reference.
Topics: Facial Pain; Headache; Humans; Otolaryngologists
PubMed: 35987560
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.06.014 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Sep 2021Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and a member of the herpesvirus family. It is the most common congenital viral infection. For symptomatic... (Review)
Review
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and a member of the herpesvirus family. It is the most common congenital viral infection. For symptomatic infections, symptoms can vary widely but tends to have a predilection for the central nervous system and for the reticuloendothelial system. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is by far the most common sequelae of congenital CMV infection. For this reason, it is imperative to understand the screening, diagnosis, and possible treatment options for congenital CMV induced SNHL. This literature review explores the association of CMV with hearing loss, screening for congenital CMV infections, possible treatments options, and the development of a possible vaccine.
Topics: Child; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Otolaryngologists
PubMed: 34198225
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110809 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Jun 2017To familiarize otolaryngologists and other practitioners with basic diagnosis and treatment of asthma in adults and children based on current literature. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To familiarize otolaryngologists and other practitioners with basic diagnosis and treatment of asthma in adults and children based on current literature.
RECENT FINDINGS
Increased fractional excretion of nitrous oxide and sputum eosinophils have been identified in asthmatic patients being evaluated for chronic cough and appear to be more sensitive in diagnosis than traditional spirometry. Both sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy modalities are effective in decreasing symptoms and medication use in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.
SUMMARY
Undiagnosed comorbid asthma is prevalent among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis and control of all diseases processes greatly improves quality of life. Office spirometry is a helpful tool in the evaluation and management of asthma. Otolaryngologists should be able to recognize undiagnosed or poorly controlled asthma, initiate and improve medical therapy, and treat rhinosinusitis to improve asthma control.
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Asthma; Eosinophils; Humans; Immunotherapy; Nitrous Oxide; Otolaryngologists; Physicians' Offices; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sputum
PubMed: 28234779
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000351 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Aug 2020The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, referred to as COVID-19, has spread throughout the globe since its first case in China in December 2019, leaving a significant... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, referred to as COVID-19, has spread throughout the globe since its first case in China in December 2019, leaving a significant number of people infected and clinically ill. The purpose of this review is to provide the current known clinical characteristics of and management for COVID-19 as it relates to otolaryngology.
RECENT FINDINGS
COVID-19 is a highly transmissible respiratory disease with common presenting symptoms of fever, cough, and fatigue. In the absence of available vaccines or antiviral therapies, symptomatic and respiratory support is the current standard of therapy. Measures to prevent further transmission have been enacted globally including social distancing and cancellation of public events. Given elevated viral load in the upper aerodigestive tract, extra precautions in patients with otolaryngology needs have been recommended for protection of both healthcare workers and patients.
SUMMARY
Otolaryngologists face unique risk from COVID-19. Maintaining appropriate preventive health measures and remaining updated on institutional clinical guidelines is paramount for both caretaker safety and patient care.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; China; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Female; Humans; Infection Control; Male; Occupational Health; Otolaryngologists; Pandemics; Patient Safety; Personal Protective Equipment; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Secondary Prevention
PubMed: 32628416
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000632 -
European Archives of... Jul 2020Otorhinolaryngological manifestations are common symptoms of COVID-19. This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Otorhinolaryngological manifestations are common symptoms of COVID-19. This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19, including disease transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and potential treatment. The article focused on COVID-19-related information useful in otolaryngologist practice.
METHODS
The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using terms "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2" in conjunction with "otorhinolaryngological manifestation", "ENT", and "olfaction".
RESULTS
The most common otolaryngological dysfunctions of COVID-19 were cough, sore throat, and dyspnea. Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and dizziness were also present. COVID-19 could manifest as an isolated sudden hyposmia/anosmia. Upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms were commonly observed in younger patients and usually appeared initially. They could be present even before the molecular confirmation of SARS-CoV-2. Otolaryngologists are of great risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 as they cope with URT. ENT surgeons could be easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 during performing surgery in COVID-19 patients.
CONCLUSION
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) symptoms may precede the development of severe COVID-19. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients with cough, sore throat, dyspnea, hyposmia/anosmia and a history of travel to the region with confirmed COVID-19 patients, should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases. An otolaryngologist should wear FFP3/N95 mask, glasses, disposable and fluid resistant gloves and gown while examining such individuals. Not urgent ENT surgeries should be postponed. Additional studies analyzing why some patients develop ENT symptoms during COVID-19 and others do not are needed. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism leading to anosmia.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Cough; Humans; Otolaryngologists; Otolaryngology; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; Pandemics; Pharyngitis; Pneumonia, Viral; Respiratory System; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32306118
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05968-y -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2022Advances in endoscopic surgical technique have ushered in a new era of pituitary surgery with improved rates of resection and minimized operative morbidity and burden.... (Review)
Review
Advances in endoscopic surgical technique have ushered in a new era of pituitary surgery with improved rates of resection and minimized operative morbidity and burden. Anatomically, endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is split into nasal, sphenoidal, and sellar stages, each with unique considerations. Recent developments in knowledge and technology seek to build on the success of the endoscope in pituitary surgery, while expanding its capabilities.
Topics: Endoscopes; Endoscopy; Humans; Nose; Otolaryngologists; Pituitary Neoplasms
PubMed: 35256167
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.01.002 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Dec 2022Understanding the principles and theories that are well recognized in adult learning can have a major impact on learning and teaching today. In an era with much less... (Review)
Review
Understanding the principles and theories that are well recognized in adult learning can have a major impact on learning and teaching today. In an era with much less time with trainees and ever-dwindling experiential learning opportunities, the focus should be on maximizing the efficiency and efficacy of our everyday teaching. By conceptually understanding the myriad of relevant cognitive theories of adult learning, faculty can transform their teaching and the trainees' learning experiences while modeling and teaching the next generation how to invoke these strategies, forever propagating better teaching practices.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Otolaryngologists; Learning
PubMed: 36371143
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.07.009 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Oct 2020
Topics: Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Otolaryngologists; Pain Management
PubMed: 32798061
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.07.002 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Dec 2022Modern day otolaryngology has expanded beyond the ear, nose and throat to include head and neck surgery and aesthetic facial procedures. Photographic documentation is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Modern day otolaryngology has expanded beyond the ear, nose and throat to include head and neck surgery and aesthetic facial procedures. Photographic documentation is important within this expanded horizon. The spectrum of clinical photography includes photomicrographs, endoscopic photographs, peri-operative photography and medical social photography.
METHOD
This article aimed to review the standard guidelines essential to obtain, store and disseminate photographs and looked at setting up a small clinic with minimal gadgets to suit clinical photography requirements. Elaboration of basic photography techniques in otolaryngology was reviewed, with examples of photographs taken in a clinic by a clinician. Advances and innovation in clinical photography, in the form of smartphone photography, artificial intelligence, device editing and newer hardware and software in otorhinolaryngology was reviewed.
CONCLUSION
Having a professional photographer to aid a clinician is a luxury. Simple knowledge and regular practice of basic photography guidelines by a clinician is imperative.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Otolaryngologists; Photography; Smartphone; Documentation
PubMed: 34593064
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215121002668 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Jul 2020The utilization of telemedicine has seen a relatively slow progression over the past 50 years in the US health care system. Technological challenges limiting the ease of... (Review)
Review
The utilization of telemedicine has seen a relatively slow progression over the past 50 years in the US health care system. Technological challenges limiting the ease of use of robust video platforms have been a major factor. Additionally, the perception by many health care providers that telehealth is reserved for only the rural population or that it provides limited value due to the inability to perform in-depth physical examinations contributes to the slow adoption. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its massive disruption in social interaction by way of "stay at home" orders, is serving as a catalyst for improving telehealth. Large health systems are investing millions of dollars and increasing telehealth visit numbers 100-fold to access patients. The "telehealth movement" is here to stay and will undoubtedly be incorporated into providers' daily lives years after the COVID-19 pandemic. By embracing virtual access to health care, otolaryngologists will be able to influence improvements to these systems and broaden access options for patient care well into the future.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Humans; Otolaryngologists; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Telemedicine
PubMed: 32423323
DOI: 10.1177/0194599820929641