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Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Oct 2009Ovarian cyst accidents include cyst rupture, haemorrhage and torsion. Torsion commonly occurs to the whole adnexa and is not necessarily associated with an ovarian cyst.... (Review)
Review
Ovarian cyst accidents include cyst rupture, haemorrhage and torsion. Torsion commonly occurs to the whole adnexa and is not necessarily associated with an ovarian cyst. Suspected adnexal torsion should always be managed with early laparoscopy and de-torsion of the twisted tube or ovary. Ovarian cyst rupture and haemorrhage usually occur in association with physiological (functional) cysts and are generally self-limiting. Laparoscopy may be necessary in cases where the diagnosis is in doubt or for haemodynamic compromise. Clinical features of ovarian cyst accidents are nonspecific. Ultrasound is the first-line investigation and is diagnostic in the case of haemorrhage. Typical ultrasound findings have been described for ovarian torsion, including an enlarged oedematous ovary with peripheral displacement of follicles. Doppler blood flow findings are variable and not diagnostic. Recurrent cyst rupture or haemorrhage should be prevented by suppression of ovulation, usually with the combined oral contraceptive. Fixation of the ovary by a variety of techniques should be considered to prevent recurrent torsion.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors; Rupture, Spontaneous; Torsion Abnormality
PubMed: 19299205
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.001 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2023Abdominal cystic masses are diagnosed during the intrauterine period and have a relatively low incidence. Fetal ovarian cysts are the most common form diagnosed... (Review)
Review
Abdominal cystic masses are diagnosed during the intrauterine period and have a relatively low incidence. Fetal ovarian cysts are the most common form diagnosed prenatally or immediately after birth. The pathophysiology of the development of these types of tumors is not fully elucidated, with ovarian hyperstimulation caused by maternal and placental hormones being the most accepted hypothesis. During intrauterine development, the diagnosis of fetal ovarian cysts is most often made accidentally during usual check-up ultrasounds corresponding to the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. We conducted a scoping review with the aim to map the current knowledge regarding the treatment of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed in the intrauterine period. Focusing on the articles published in the last 10 years in the specialized literature, we tried to identify a conceptualization regarding the surveillance and treatment of these anomalies.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Placenta; Ovarian Cysts; Pregnancy Trimester, Third
PubMed: 36837388
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020186 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Jun 2022Abdominal pain and constipation are common presenting symptoms of pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department. Sometimes these symptoms are related to...
BACKGROUND
Abdominal pain and constipation are common presenting symptoms of pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department. Sometimes these symptoms are related to uncomplicated constipation from stool burden, and other cases may be secondary to more serious pathologies, including obstruction from intra- or extra-intestinal compression. Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) can be helpful in discerning the etiology for this undifferentiated symptomatology.
CASE REPORT
A 14-year-old girl presented with 3 days of constipation and abdominal pain. This was similar to previous symptoms that resolved with laxatives. This time, however, her symptoms were associated with one episode of vomiting. PoCUS expanded a narrow differential with the discovery of a large ovarian cyst. This finding helped to expedite her transfer to a pediatric hospital for definitive treatment in the operating room. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Constipation is one of the leading reasons pediatric patients present to the ED with abdominal pain. PoCUS can detect uncommon causes of constipation, especially pathologies associated with large volumes of fluid, such as a large ovarian cyst, bladder outlet obstruction, or small bowel obstruction.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Child; Constipation; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Ovarian Cysts; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 35400506
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.01.022 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Nov 2021BACKGROUND Adnexal torsion is a gynecologic emergency that dictates immediate surgical intervention. Twisted ovarian cysts are rare in adolescents, but they can cause... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND Adnexal torsion is a gynecologic emergency that dictates immediate surgical intervention. Twisted ovarian cysts are rare in adolescents, but they can cause significant distress to patients. Idiopathic ovarian torsion is uncommon in adolescents and the incidence is reportedly higher in women aged 20 to 40 years. Most twisted cysts in adolescents are benign. In the past, oophorectomy was commonly performed for a torsed ovary, but currently there is a trend toward ovary preservation. The diagnosis of twisted ovarian cyst is based on pathognomonic symptoms and findings from a focused clinical examination and ultrasound. Because the differential diagnosis includes acute appendicitis and gastroenteritis, referral to a gynecologist may be delayed. CASE REPORT We present the case of a huge, twisted ovarian cyst in a 16-year-old girl who presented with an acute abdomen. The initial diagnosis was acute appendicitis, which delayed her referral to a gynecologist. An emergency laparotomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The histopathology of the ovarian cyst was reported as serous cystadenoma. CONCLUSIONS The optimal management of a twisted ovarian cyst in adolescents is the subject of much debate. Here, we review the literature on ovarian torsion in children and adolescents. The patient in the case we present had a twisted ovarian cyst that was managed with salpingo-oophorectomy.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Torsion; Ovariectomy; Salpingo-oophorectomy; Torsion Abnormality
PubMed: 34785630
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.933438 -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Jun 2017
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ovarian Cysts; Salpingo-oophorectomy; Torsion Abnormality; Young Adult
PubMed: 27531002
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-016-1523-6 -
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey Dec 2002High-resolution transvaginal ultrasound frequently reveals incidental, simple ovarian cysts in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Traditionally oophorectomy has been... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
High-resolution transvaginal ultrasound frequently reveals incidental, simple ovarian cysts in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Traditionally oophorectomy has been recommended for these women. However, evidence is emerging that most postmenopausal simple ovarian cysts are benign, allowing conservative management. Furthermore, many of these cysts will resolve spontaneously. Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and color Doppler may help differentiate benign from malignant cysts. When oophorectomy is favored, the laparoscopic approach may be considered, depending on the clinical situation. Nonoperative management of simple ovarian cysts in asymptomatic women is reasonable; regular follow-up with sonography should be performed. Because sonography is an operator-dependent test, it is imperative that the sonographer have expertise in ovarian imaging. Monitoring of CA-125 levels may be useful. Indications for removal during follow-up are increasing size, development of solid components, abnormal Doppler flow, CA-125 elevation, patient desire for removal of the cyst, and noncompliance with sonographic follow-up.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completion of this article, the reader will be able to estimate the prevalence of benign simple ovarian cysts in a postmenopausal population of women, to describe the natural history of a simple ovarian cyst, and outline the features consistent with a benign ovarian cyst on ultrasound.
Topics: CA-125 Antigen; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Middle Aged; Ovarian Cysts; Postmenopause; Prevalence; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 12493982
DOI: 10.1097/00006254-200212000-00004 -
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Mar 2022A 32-year-old unmarried female on an atypical antipsychotic presented with massive abdominal distension and progressive difficulty in breathing and ambulation. Imaging...
A 32-year-old unmarried female on an atypical antipsychotic presented with massive abdominal distension and progressive difficulty in breathing and ambulation. Imaging revealed a giant ovarian mass originating on the right side. A fertility sparing laparotomy was carried out, without complication. Histopathological evaluation revealed a seromucinous cystadenoma. Giant ovarian cysts are seldom encountered in current medical practice secondary to easy availability of imaging modalities and treatment facilities. In spite of their considerable size, such tumors are usually benign and have a good prognosis. Keywords: Fertility sparing laparotomy; giant ovarian cysts; Seromucinous cystadenomas.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Nepal; Ovarian Cysts
PubMed: 35615849
DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v19i04.3851 -
Indian Pediatrics Sep 2020
Topics: Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ovarian Cysts; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 32999123
DOI: No ID Found -
Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen... 2011Ovarian cysts are found in 7.8% of asymptomatic fertile aged women. Post-menopausal women exhibit a prevalence of 2.5 to 18%. An ovarian cyst is detected either as an...
Ovarian cysts are found in 7.8% of asymptomatic fertile aged women. Post-menopausal women exhibit a prevalence of 2.5 to 18%. An ovarian cyst is detected either as an incidental finding, in ultrasonography performed for lower abdominal pain, or on the basis of a suspicious finding in pelvic examination. With easy availability of ultrasonography asymptomatic ovarian cysts are detected in an increasing number. Most cysts are benign and often vanish spontaneously. Therefore in the absence of suspected malignancy or harmful symptoms, it is unnecessary to expose the woman to the risks of the operation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Cysts
PubMed: 21995122
DOI: No ID Found -
Ginecologia Y Obstetricia de Mexico Feb 2012Ovarian cysts in fetal abdominal tumors are more frequently diagnosed during pregnancy. Most of the time are usually small, asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously during... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ovarian cysts in fetal abdominal tumors are more frequently diagnosed during pregnancy. Most of the time are usually small, asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously during pregnancy or in early neonatal life.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the clinical and ultrasound cases with prenatal diagnosis of ovarian cyst treated in our center between 2002 and 2005.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Descriptive and observational cases of fetal ovarian cyst diagnosedbefore birth. The variables maternal and perinatal most relevant clinical data obtained at diagnosis and after birth.
RESULTS
We explored 9.198 fetuses, of which there were 10 cases of ovarian cyst diagnosed between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. All cases were unilateral andsonographic appearance homogeneous. In four cases there was spontaneous disappearance during the remaining gestational period. In the other six cases, four missing in the first 12 months and only two image persisted more than a year.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on our results and in accordance with the literature, the prenatal diagnosis of fetal ovarian cyst is usually associated with a conservative approach with serialultrasound monitoring to rule out rare serious complications. During the neonatal period spontaneous disappearance is often the case and the surgical approach is indicated in cases with suspected persistent or torsion or hemorrhage, with cystectomy as first choice.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Young Adult
PubMed: 22519216
DOI: No ID Found